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Commit 9ea9a886b0e8630e12cff515955e7f0f5be32cb1

Authored by Clemens Ladisch 2009-12-16 08:45:39 +0800

Committed by Linus Torvalds 2009-12-16 23:19:57 +0800

Exists in master and in 7 other branches

vt: make the default cursor shape configurable

For embedded systems, the blinking cursor at startup time can be annoying
and unintended.  Add a new kernel parameter to change the default cursor
shape.

Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Cc: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: David Newall <davidn@davidnewall.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Showing 2 changed files with 10 additions and 2 deletions Inline Diff

Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
drivers/char/vt.c

Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt

Diff comments View file @ 9ea9a88

                           Kernel Parameters
                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
 	modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
 	usbcore.blinkenlights=1
 Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
 	log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
 can also be entered as
 	log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
 parameter is applicable:
 	ACPI	ACPI support is enabled.
 	AGP	AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
 	ALSA	ALSA sound support is enabled.
 	APIC	APIC support is enabled.
 	APM	Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
 	AVR32	AVR32 architecture is enabled.
 	AX25	Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
 	BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
 	DRM	Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
 	EDD	BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
 	EFI	EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
 	EIDE	EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
 	FB	The frame buffer device is enabled.
 	GCOV	GCOV profiling is enabled.
 	HW	Appropriate hardware is enabled.
 	IA-64	IA-64 architecture is enabled.
 	IMA     Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
 	IOSCHED	More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
 	IP_PNP	IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
 	ISAPNP	ISA PnP code is enabled.
 	ISDN	Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
 	JOY	Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
 	KVM	Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
 	LIBATA  Libata driver is enabled
 	LP	Printer support is enabled.
 	LOOP	Loopback device support is enabled.
 	M68k	M68k architecture is enabled.
 			These options have more detailed description inside of
 			Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
 	MCA	MCA bus support is enabled.
 	MDA	MDA console support is enabled.
 	MOUSE	Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
 	MSI	Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
 	MTD	MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
 	NET	Appropriate network support is enabled.
 	NUMA	NUMA support is enabled.
 	GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
 	NFS	Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
 	OSS	OSS sound support is enabled.
 	PV_OPS	A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
 	PARIDE	The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
 	PARISC	The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
 	PCI	PCI bus support is enabled.
 	PCIE	PCI Express support is enabled.
 	PCMCIA	The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
 	PNP	Plug & Play support is enabled.
 	PPC	PowerPC architecture is enabled.
 	PPT	Parallel port support is enabled.
 	PS2	Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
 	RAM	RAM disk support is enabled.
 	S390	S390 architecture is enabled.
 	SCSI	Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
 			A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
 			Documentation/scsi/.
 	SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
 	SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
 	SERIAL	Serial support is enabled.
 	SH	SuperH architecture is enabled.
 	SMP	The kernel is an SMP kernel.
 	SPARC	Sparc architecture is enabled.
 	SWSUSP	Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
 	SUSPEND	System suspend states are enabled.
 	FTRACE	Function tracing enabled.
 	TS	Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
 	UMS	USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
 	USB	USB support is enabled.
 	USBHID	USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
 	V4L	Video For Linux support is enabled.
 	VGA	The VGA console has been enabled.
 	VT	Virtual terminal support is enabled.
 	WDT	Watchdog support is enabled.
 	XT	IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
 	X86-32	X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
 	X86-64	X86-64 architecture is enabled.
 			More X86-64 boot options can be found in
 			Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
 	X86	Either 32bit or 64bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
 	BUGS=	Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
 	KNL	Is a kernel start-up parameter.
 	BOOT	Is a boot loader parameter.
 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
 need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
 See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
 running once the system is up.
 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
 	acpi=		[HW,ACPI,X86]
 			Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
 			Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq | rsdt }
 			force -- enable ACPI if default was off
 			off -- disable ACPI if default was on
 			noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
 			ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
 			strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
 				strictly ACPI specification compliant.
 			rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
 			See also Documentation/power/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
 	acpi_apic_instance=	[ACPI, IOAPIC]
 			Format: <int>
 			2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
 			1,0: use 1st APIC table
 			default: 0
 	acpi_backlight=	[HW,ACPI]
 			acpi_backlight=vendor
 			acpi_backlight=video
 			If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
 			(e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
 			of the ACPI video.ko driver.
 	acpi.debug_layer=	[HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
 	acpi.debug_level=	[HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
 			Format: <int>
 			CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
 			debug output.  Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
 			_COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
 			    #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
 			Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
 			ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
 			    ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
 			The debug_level mask defaults to "info".  See
 			Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
 			debug layers and levels.
 			Enable processor driver info messages:
 			    acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
 			Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
 			    acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
 			Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
 			object while interpreting AML:
 			    acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
 			Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
 			    acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
 			Some values produce so much output that the system is
 			unusable.  The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
 			if you need to capture more output.
 	acpi_display_output=	[HW,ACPI]
 			acpi_display_output=vendor
 			acpi_display_output=video
 			See above.
 	acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
 			ACPI will balance active IRQs
 			default in APIC mode
 	acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
 			ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
 			default in PIC mode
 	acpi_irq_isa=	[HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
 			Format: <irq>,<irq>...
 	acpi_irq_pci=	[HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
 			use by PCI
 			Format: <irq>,<irq>...
 	acpi_no_auto_ssdt	[HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
 	acpi_os_name=	[HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
 			Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
 	acpi_osi=	[HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
 			acpi_osi="string1"	# add string1 -- only one string
 			acpi_osi="!string2"	# remove built-in string2
 			acpi_osi=		# disable all strings
 	acpi_pm_good	[X86]
 			Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
 			to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
 			and always returns good values.
 	acpi_sci=	[HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
 			Format: { level | edge | high | low }
 	acpi_serialize	[HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
 	acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
 			Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
 			For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
 	acpi_sleep=	[HW,ACPI] Sleep options
 			Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
 				  old_ordering, s4_nonvs }
 			See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
 			s3_bios and s3_mode.
 			s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
 			as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
 			s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
 			used during resume from hibernation.
 			old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
 			control method, with respect to putting devices into
 			low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
 			of _PTS is used by default).
 			s4_nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
 			ACPI NVS memory during hibernation.
 	acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
 			Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
 			that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
 	acpi_enforce_resources=	[ACPI]
 			{ strict | lax | no }
 			Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
 			and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
 			only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
 			used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
 			can interfere with legacy drivers.
 			strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
 			is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
 			resources will fail to bind to device using them.
 			lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
 			legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
 			will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
 			no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
 			no further checks are performed.
 	ad1848=		[HW,OSS]
 			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
 	add_efi_memmap	[EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
 			kernel's map of available physical RAM.
 	advansys=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
 	advwdt=		[HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
 			Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
 	aedsp16=	[HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
 			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
 			See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
 	agp=		[AGP]
 			{ off | try_unsupported }
 			off: disable AGP support
 			try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
 				(may crash computer or cause data corruption)
 	aha152x=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
 	aha1542=	[HW,SCSI]
 			Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
 	aic7xxx=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
 	aic79xx=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
 	amd_iommu=	[HW,X86-84]
 			Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
 			Possible values are:
 			isolate - enable device isolation (each device, as far
 			          as possible, will get its own protection
 			          domain) [default]
 			share - put every device behind one IOMMU into the
 				same protection domain
 			fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
 				    they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
 				    flushed before they will be reused, which
 				    is a lot of faster
 	amijoy.map=	[HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
 			Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
 			Format: <a>,<b>
 			See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
 	analog.map=	[HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
 			Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
 			connected to one of 16 gameports
 			Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
 	apc=		[HW,SPARC]
 			Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
 			Format: noidle
 			Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
 			not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
 			APC and your system crashes randomly.
 	apic=		[APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
 			Change the output verbosity whilst booting
 			Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
 			Change the amount of debugging information output
 			when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
 	show_lapic=	[APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
 			Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal
 			number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible
 			to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
 			Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.
 			The parameter valid if only apic=debug or
 			apic=verbose is specified.
 			Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all
 	apm=		[APM] Advanced Power Management
 			See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
 	arcrimi=	[HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
 			Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
 	ataflop=	[HW,M68k]
 	atarimouse=	[HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
 	atascsi=	[HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
 	atkbd.extra=	[HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
 			EzKey and similar keyboards
 	atkbd.reset=	[HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
 	atkbd.set=	[HW] Select keyboard code set
 			Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
 	atkbd.scroll=	[HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
 			keyboards
 	atkbd.softraw=	[HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
 			Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
 	atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
 			Use software keyboard repeat
 	autotest	[IA64]
 	baycom_epp=	[HW,AX25]
 			Format: <io>,<mode>
 	baycom_par=	[HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
 			Format: <io>,<mode>
 			See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
 	baycom_ser_fdx=	[HW,AX25]
 			BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
 			Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
 			See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
 	baycom_ser_hdx=	[HW,AX25]
 			BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
 			Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
 			See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
 	boot_delay=	Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
 			Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
 			no delay (0).
 			Format: integer
 	bootmem_debug	[KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
 	bttv.card=	[HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
 	bttv.radio=	Most important insmod options are available as
 			kernel args too.
 	bttv.pll=	See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
 	bttv.tuner=	and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
 	BusLogic=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
 			BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
 	c101=		[NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
 	cachesize=	[BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
 			Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
 			size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
 			to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
 			possible to determine what the correct size should be.
 			This option provides an override for these situations.
 	capability.disable=
 			[SECURITY] Disable capabilities.  This would normally
 			be used only if an alternative security model is to be
 			configured.  Potentially dangerous and should only be
 			used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
 	ccw_timeout_log [S390]
 			See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
 	cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
 			Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
 				{Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
 	checkreqprot	[SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
 			Format: { "0" | "1" }
 			See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
 			0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
 				any implied execute protection).
 			1 -- check protection requested by application.
 			Default value is set via a kernel config option.
 			Value can be changed at runtime via
 				/selinux/checkreqprot.
 	cio_ignore=	[S390]
 			See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
 	clock=		[BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
 			[Deprecated]
 			Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
 			when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
 			clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
 			Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
 	clocksource=	[GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
 			Format: <string>
 			Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
 			with the name specified.
 			Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
 			the platform:
 			[all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
 			[ACPI] acpi_pm
 			[ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
 				pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
 			[AVR32] avr32
 			[X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc,vmi-timer;
 				scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
 			[MIPS] MIPS
 			[PARISC] cr16
 			[S390] tod
 			[SH] SuperH
 			[SPARC64] tick
 			[X86-64] hpet,tsc
 	clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
 			Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
 			arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h for the valid bit
 			numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
 			stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
 			ones should be.
 			Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
 			or using the feature without checking anything
 			will still see it. This just prevents it from
 			being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
 			Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
 			some critical bits.
 	cmo_free_hint=	[PPC] Format: { yes | no }
 			Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
 			when they are freed.  This is used in CMO environments
 			to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
 			a hypervisor.
 			Default: yes
 	code_bytes	[X86] How many bytes of object code to print
 			in an oops report.
 			Range: 0 - 8192
 			Default: 64
 	com20020=	[HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
 			Format:
 			<io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
 	com90io=	[HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
 			Format: <io>[,<irq>]
 	com90xx=	[HW,NET]
 			ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
 			Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
 	condev=		[HW,S390] console device
 	conmode=
 	console=	[KNL] Output console device and options.
 		tty<n>	Use the virtual console device <n>.
 		ttyS<n>[,options]
 		ttyUSB0[,options]
 			Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
 			the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
 			"p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
 			bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
 			omit it).  Default is "9600n8".
 			See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
 			information.  See
 			Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
 			alternative.
 		uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
 		uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
 			Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
 			UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
 			switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
 			options are the same as for ttyS, above.
                 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
                 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
 			console=brl,ttyS0
 		For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
 	consoleblank=	[KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
 			seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
 			disables the blank timer.
 	coredump_filter=
 			[KNL] Change the default value for
 			/proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
 			See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
 	cpcihp_generic=	[HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
 			Format:
 			<first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
 	crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
 			[KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
 			hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
 	crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
 			[KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
 			in the running system. The syntax of range is
 			start-[end] where start and end are both
 			a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
 			Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for a example.
 	cs89x0_dma=	[HW,NET]
 			Format: <dma>
 	cs89x0_media=	[HW,NET]
 			Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
 	dasd=		[HW,NET]
 			See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
 	db9.dev[2|3]=	[HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
 			(one device per port)
 			Format: <port#>,<type>
 			See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
 	debug		[KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
 	debug_locks_verbose=
 			[KNL] verbose self-tests
 			Format=<0|1>
 			Print debugging info while doing the locking API
 			self-tests.
 			We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
 			1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
 			only useful to kernel developers.
 	debug_objects	[KNL] Enable object debugging
 	no_debug_objects
 			[KNL] Disable object debugging
 	debugpat	[X86] Enable PAT debugging
 	decnet.addr=	[HW,NET]
 			Format: <area>[,<node>]
 			See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
 	default_hugepagesz=
 			[same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
 			HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
 			the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
 			default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
 			Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
 			if not specified.
 	dhash_entries=	[KNL]
 			Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
 	digi=		[HW,SERIAL]
 			IO parameters + enable/disable command.
 	digiepca=	[HW,SERIAL]
 			See drivers/char/README.epca and
 			Documentation/serial/digiepca.txt.
 	disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
 			The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
 			to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
 			entry later. This parameter disables that.
 	disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
 			By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
 			memory out of your available memory pool based on
 			MTRR settings.  This parameter disables that behavior,
 			possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
 	disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
 			Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
 			Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
 	dmasound=	[HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
 	dma_debug=off	If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
 			this option disables the debugging code at boot.
 	dma_debug_entries=<number>
 			This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
 			entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
 			required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
 			DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
 			architectural default is too low.
 	dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
 			With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
 			filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
 			pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
 			The filter can be disabled or changed to another
 			driver later using sysfs.
 	dscc4.setup=	[NET]
 	dtc3181e=	[HW,SCSI]
 	dynamic_printk	Enables pr_debug()/dev_dbg() calls if
 			CONFIG_DYNAMIC_PRINTK_DEBUG has been enabled.
 			These can also be switched on/off via
 			<debugfs>/dynamic_printk/modules
 	earlycon=	[KNL] Output early console device and options.
 		uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
 		uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
 			Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
 			UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
 			The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
 	earlyprintk=	[X86,SH,BLACKFIN]
 			earlyprintk=vga
 			earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
 			earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate]
 			earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#]
 			Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
 			takes over.
 			Only vga or serial or usb debug port at a time.
 			Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
 			Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
 			very good.
 			The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
 			console.
 	eata=		[HW,SCSI]
 	edd=		[EDD]
 			Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
 	eisa_irq_edge=	[PARISC,HW]
 			See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
 	elanfreq=	[X86-32]
 			See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
 			arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
 	elevator=	[IOSCHED]
 			Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
 			See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
 			Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
 	elfcorehdr=	[IA64,PPC,SH,X86]
 			Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
 			image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
 			pass this option to capture kernel.
 			See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
 	enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
 			The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
 			to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
 			entry later. This parameter enables that.
 	enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
 			Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
 			Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
 			(in particular on some ATI chipsets).
 			The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
 	enforcing	[SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
 			Format: {"0" | "1"}
 			See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
 			0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
 			1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
 			Default value is 0.
 			Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
 	ether=		[HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
 			This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
 			has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
 	eurwdt=		[HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
 			Format: <io>[,<irq>]
 	failslab=
 	fail_page_alloc=
 	fail_make_request=[KNL]
 			General fault injection mechanism.
 			Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
 			See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
 	fd_mcs=		[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
 	fdomain=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
 	floppy=		[HW]
 			See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
 	force_pal_cache_flush
 			[IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
 			buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
 			parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
 			ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
 	ftrace=[tracer]
 			[FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
 			as early as possible in order to facilitate early
 			boot debugging.
 	ftrace_dump_on_oops
 			[FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
 	ftrace_filter=[function-list]
 			[FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
 			tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
 			list of functions. This list can be changed at run
 			time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
 			tracing directory.
 	ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
 			[FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
 			function-list. This list can be changed at run time
 			by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
 			tracing directory.
 	ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
 			[FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced
 			by the function graph tracer at boot up.
 			function-list is a comma separated list of functions
 			that can be changed at run time by the
 			set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory.
 	gamecon.map[2|3]=
 			[HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
 			support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
 			Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
 			See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
 	gamma=		[HW,DRM]
 	gart_fix_e820=  [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
 			Format: off | on
 			default: on
 	gcov_persist=	[GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
 			kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
 			debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
 			When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
 			debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
 	gdth=		[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
 	gpt		[EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
 			invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
 	gvp11=		[HW,SCSI]
 	hashdist=	[KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
 			are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
 			for 64bit NUMA, off otherwise.
 			Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
 	hcl=		[IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
 	hd=		[EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
 			Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
 	highmem=nn[KMG]	[KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
 			size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
 			highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
 			size on bigger boxes.
 	highres=	[KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
 			Valid parameters: "on", "off"
 			Default: "on"
 	hisax=		[HW,ISDN]
 			See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
 	hlt		[BUGS=ARM,SH]
 	hpet=		[X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
 			Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
 				verbose }
 			disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
 			force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
 				VIA, nVidia)
 			verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
 	hugepages=	[HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
 	hugepagesz=	[HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
 			On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
 			multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
 			huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
 			x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
 			(when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag)
 			Note that 1GB pages can only be allocated at boot time
 			using hugepages= and not freed afterwards.
 	hvc_iucv=	[S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
 			       terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
 	hvc_iucv_allow=	[S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
 			       If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
 			       from listed z/VM user IDs only.
 	i2c_bus=	[HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
 			     or register an additional I2C bus that is not
 			     registered from board initialization code.
 			     Format:
 			     <bus_id>,<clkrate>
 	i8042.debug	[HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
 	i8042.direct	[HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
 	i8042.dumbkbd	[HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
 			     keyboard and cannot control its state
 			     (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
 	i8042.noaux	[HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
 	i8042.nokbd	[HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
 	i8042.noloop	[HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
 			     for the AUX port
 	i8042.nomux	[HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
 			     controller
 	i8042.nopnp	[HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
 			     controllers
 	i8042.panicblink=
 			[HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
 			     when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
 	i8042.reset	[HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
 	i8042.unlock	[HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
 	i810=		[HW,DRM]
 	i8k.ignore_dmi	[HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
 			indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
 			hardware.
 	i8k.force	[HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
 			does not match list of supported models.
 	i8k.power_status
 			[HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
 			(disabled by default)
 	i8k.restricted	[HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
 			capability is set.
 	ibmmcascsi=	[HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
 			See Documentation/mca.txt.
 	icn=		[HW,ISDN]
 			Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
 	ide-core.nodma=	[HW] (E)IDE subsystem
 			Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
 			.vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
 			.cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
 			See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
 	ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
 			Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
 	idle=		[X86]
 			Format: idle=poll, idle=mwait, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
 			Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
 			improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
 			will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
 			Not recommended.
 			idle=mwait: On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but
 			the kernel chose to not use it because it doesn't save
 			as much power as a normal idle loop, use the
 			MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be
 			the same as idle=poll.
 			idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
 			In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
 			idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
 	ignore_loglevel	[KNL]
 			Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
 			kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
 	ihash_entries=	[KNL]
 			Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
 	ima_audit=	[IMA]
 			Format: { "0" | "1" }
 			0 -- integrity auditing messages. (Default)
 			1 -- enable informational integrity auditing messages.
 	ima_hash=	[IMA]
 			Format: { "sha1" | "md5" }
 			default: "sha1"
 	ima_tcb		[IMA]
 			Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
 			Computing Base.  This means IMA will measure all
 			programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
 			opened for read by uid=0.
 	in2000=		[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
 	init=		[KNL]
 			Format: <full_path>
 			Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
 			process.
 	initcall_debug	[KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
 			for working out where the kernel is dying during
 			startup.
 	initrd=		[BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
 	inport.irq=	[HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
 			Format: <irq>
 	intel_iommu=	[DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
 		on
 			Enable intel iommu driver.
 		off
 			Disable intel iommu driver.
 		igfx_off [Default Off]
 			By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
 			device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
 			bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
 			this case, gfx device will use physical address for
 			DMA.
 		forcedac [x86_64]
 			With this option iommu will not optimize to look
 			for io virtual address below 32 bit forcing dual
 			address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
 			than 32 bit addressing. The default is to look
 			for translation below 32 bit and if not available
 			then look in the higher range.
 		strict [Default Off]
 			With this option on every unmap_single operation will
 			result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
 			to batching them for performance.
 	inttest=	[IA64]
 	iomem=		Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
 		strict	regions from userspace.
 		relaxed
 	iommu=		[x86]
 		off
 		force
 		noforce
 		biomerge
 		panic
 		nopanic
 		merge
 		nomerge
 		forcesac
 		soft
 		pt	[x86, IA64]
 	io7=		[HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
 			See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
 			arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
 	io_delay=	[X86] I/O delay method
 		0x80
 			Standard port 0x80 based delay
 		0xed
 			Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
 		udelay
 			Simple two microseconds delay
 		none
 			No delay
 	ip=		[IP_PNP]
 			See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
 	ip2=		[HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
 			See comment before ip2_setup() in
 			drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
 	ips=		[HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
 			See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
 	irqfixup	[HW]
 			When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
 			for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
 			firmware running.
 	irqpoll		[HW]
 			When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
 			for it. Also check all handlers each timer
 			interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
 			firmware running.
 	isapnp=		[ISAPNP]
 			Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
 	isolcpus=	[KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
 			Format:
 			<cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
 			or
 			<cpu number>-<cpu number>
 			(must be a positive range in ascending order)
 			or a mixture
 			<cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
 			This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
 			to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
 			algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
 			"isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
 			<cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
 			"number of CPUs in system - 1".
 			This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
 			alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
 			tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
 			suboptimal load balancer performance.
 	iucv=		[HW,NET]
 	js=		[HW,JOY] Analog joystick
 			See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
 	keepinitrd	[HW,ARM]
 	kernelcore=nn[KMG]	[KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
 			specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
 			for non-movable allocations.  The requested amount is
 			spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
 			remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
 			pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
 			kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
 			take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
 			of kernelcore pages.  The Movable zone is used for the
 			allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
 			by the page migration subsystem.  This means that
 			HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
 			Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
 			use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
 			zone if it does not.
 	kgdboc=		[HW] kgdb over consoles.
 			Requires a tty driver that supports console polling.
 			(only serial supported for now)
 			Format: <serial_device>[,baud]
 	kmac=		[MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
 			Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
 			Ethernet adapter MAC address.
 	kmemleak=	[KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
 			Valid arguments: on, off
 			Default: on
 	kstack=N	[X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
 			in oops dumps.
 	kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
 			Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
 	kvm.oos_shadow=	[KVM] Disable out-of-sync shadow paging.
 			Default is 1 (enabled)
 	kvm-amd.nested=	[KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
 			Default is 0 (off)
 	kvm-amd.npt=	[KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
 			for all guests.
 			Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64bit or 32bit-PAE mode
 	kvm-intel.bypass_guest_pf=
 			[KVM,Intel] Disables bypassing of guest page faults
 			on Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
 	kvm-intel.ept=	[KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
 			(virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
 			Default is 1 (enabled)
 	kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
 			[KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states
 			Default is 0 (disabled)
 	kvm-intel.flexpriority=
 			[KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow).
 			Default is 1 (enabled)
 	kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
 			[KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature
 			(virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable
 			Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
 	kvm-intel.vpid=	[KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
 			feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips.
 			Default is 1 (enabled)
 	l2cr=		[PPC]
 	l3cr=		[PPC]
 	lapic		[X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
 			disabled it.
 	lapic_timer_c2_ok	[X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
 			in C2 power state.
 	libata.dma=	[LIBATA] DMA control
 			libata.dma=0	  Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
 			libata.dma=1	  PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
 			libata.dma=2	  ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
 			libata.dma=4	  Compact Flash DMA only
 			Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
 			for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
 	libata.ignore_hpa=	[LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit
 			libata.ignore_hpa=0	  keep BIOS limits (default)
 			libata.ignore_hpa=1	  ignore limits, using full disk
 	libata.noacpi	[LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
 			when set.
 			Format: <int>
 	libata.force=	[LIBATA] Force configurations.  The format is comma
 			separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
 			PORT[:DEVICE].  PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
 			matching port, link or device.  Basically, it matches
 			the ATA ID string printed on console by libata.  If
 			the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
 			values are used.  If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
 			configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
 			If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
 			the port and all links and devices behind it.  DEVICE
 			number of 0 either selects the first device or the
 			first fan-out link behind PMP device.  It does not
 			select the host link.  DEVICE number of 15 selects the
 			host link and device attached to it.
 			The VAL specifies the configuration to force.  As long
 			as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
 			For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
 			The following configurations can be forced.
 			* Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
 			  Any ID with matching PORT is used.
 			* SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
 			* Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
 			  udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
 			  allowed.
 			* [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
 			* nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
                           and both resets.
 			If there are multiple matching configurations changing
 			the same attribute, the last one is used.
 	lmb=debug	[KNL] Enable lmb debug messages.
 	load_ramdisk=	[RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
 			See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
 	lockd.nlm_grace_period=P  [NFS] Assign grace period.
 			Format: <integer>
 	lockd.nlm_tcpport=N	[NFS] Assign TCP port.
 			Format: <integer>
 	lockd.nlm_timeout=T	[NFS] Assign timeout value.
 			Format: <integer>
 	lockd.nlm_udpport=M	[NFS] Assign UDP port.
 			Format: <integer>
 	logibm.irq=	[HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
 			Format: <irq>
 	loglevel=	All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
 			console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
 			also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
 			loglevels are defined as follows:
 			0 (KERN_EMERG)		system is unusable
 			1 (KERN_ALERT)		action must be taken immediately
 			2 (KERN_CRIT)		critical conditions
 			3 (KERN_ERR)		error conditions
 			4 (KERN_WARNING)	warning conditions
 			5 (KERN_NOTICE)		normal but significant condition
 			6 (KERN_INFO)		informational
 			7 (KERN_DEBUG)		debug-level messages
 	log_buf_len=n	Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
 			Format: { n | nk | nM }
 			n must be a power of two.  The default size
 			is set in the kernel config file.
 	logo.nologo	[FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
 			This may be used to provide more screen space for
 			kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
 			kernel boot problems.
 	lp=0		[LP]	Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
 	lp=port[,port...]	lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
 	lp=reset		first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
 	lp=auto			printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
 				specified in addition to the ports) causes
 				attached printers to be reset. Using
 				lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
 				to associate lp devices with, starting with
 				lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
 				that lp device, or a parport name such as
 				'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
 				port specification list means that device IDs
 				from each port should be examined, to see if
 				an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
 				so, the driver will manage that printer.
 				See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
 	lpj=n		[KNL]
 			Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
 			time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
 			CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
 			the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
 			autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
 			on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
 			which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
 			significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
 			will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
 			unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
 			unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
 			hardware.
 	ltpc=		[NET]
 			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
 	mac5380=	[HW,SCSI] Format:
 			<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
 	machvec=	[IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
 			(machvec) in a generic kernel.
 			Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
 	machtype=	[Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different
 			 yeeloong laptop.
 			Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
 	max_addr=nn[KMG]	[KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
 			than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
 	maxcpus=	[SMP] Maximum number of processors that	an SMP kernel
 			should make use of.  maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
 			kernel to using 'n' processors.  n=0 is a special case,
 			it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
 			the IO APIC.
 	max_loop=	[LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
 			be mounted
 			Format: <1-256>
 	max_luns=	[SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
 			Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
 	max_report_luns=
 			[SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
 			Should be between 1 and 16384.
 	mcatest=	[IA-64]
 	mce		[X86-32] Machine Check Exception
 	mce=option	[X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
 	md=		[HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
 			See Documentation/md.txt.
 	mdacon=		[MDA]
 			Format: <first>,<last>
 			Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
 	mem=nn[KMG]	[KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
 			Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
 			to see the whole system memory or for test.
 			[X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
 			address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
 			could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
 	mem=nopentium	[BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
 			memory.
 	memchunk=nn[KMG]
 			[KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
 			per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
 	memmap=exactmap	[KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
 			E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
 			Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
 			BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
 			option description.
 	memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
 			[KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
 			Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
 	memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
 			[KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
 			Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
 	memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
 			[KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
 			Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
 			Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
 			         memmap=64K$0x18690000
 			         or
 			         memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
 	memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
 			Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
 			memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
 			Setting this option will scan the memory
 			looking for corruption.  Enabling this will
 			both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
 			from using the memory being corrupted.
 			However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
 			repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
 			affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
 			to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
 	memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
 			By default it checks for corruption in the low
 			64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
 			use.  Use this parameter to scan for
 			corruption in more or less memory.
 	memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
 			By default it checks for corruption every 60
 			seconds.  Use this parameter to check at some
 			other rate.  0 disables periodic checking.
 	memtest=	[KNL,X86] Enable memtest
 			Format: <integer>
 			default : 0 <disable>
 			Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
 			performed. Each pass selects another test
 			pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
 			fills the memory with this pattern, validates
 			memory contents and reserves bad memory
 			regions that are detected.
 	meye.*=		[HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
 			See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
 	mfgpt_irq=	[IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
 			Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
 			platforms.
 	mfgptfix	[X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
 			the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
 			version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
 			problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
 	mga=		[HW,DRM]
 	min_addr=nn[KMG]	[KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
 			physical address is ignored.
 	mini2440=	[ARM,HW,KNL]
 			Format:[0..2][b][c][t]
 			Default: "0tb"
 			MINI2440 configuration specification:
 			0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
 			1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
 			2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
 			Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load
 			the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left
 			unconfigured.
 			b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
 			linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO
 			LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the
 			VGA shield.
 			c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
 			t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
 			touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
 			kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
 			in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
 			http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
 	mminit_loglevel=
 			[KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
 			parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
 			the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
 			of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
 			log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
 			so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
 	mousedev.tap_time=
 			[MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
 			leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
 			a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
 			touchpads working in absolute mode only).
 			Format: <msecs>
 	mousedev.xres=	[MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
 			reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
 	mousedev.yres=	[MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
 			reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
 	movablecore=nn[KMG]	[KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
 			is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
 			amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
 			If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
 			then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
 			value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
 			is specified, the administrator must be careful
 			that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
 			is not too small.
 	mpu401=		[HW,OSS]
 			Format: <io>,<irq>
 	MTD_Partition=	[MTD]
 			Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
 	MTD_Region=	[MTD] Format:
 			<name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
 	mtdparts=	[MTD]
 			See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
 	onenand.bdry=	[HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
 			Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock]
 			boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
 				   The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks.
 			lock	 - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
 				   Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed.
 				   1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status.
 	mtdset=		[ARM]
 			ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
 			See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
 	mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
 			[HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
 			('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
 	mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
 			used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
 			that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
 	mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
 			Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
 			Default is 1.
 			Large value could prevent small alignment from
 			using up MTRRs.
 	mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
 			Format: <integer>
 			Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
 			Default : 1
 			Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
 			Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
 	n2=		[NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
 	NCR_D700=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
 	ncr5380=	[HW,SCSI]
 	ncr53c400=	[HW,SCSI]
 	ncr53c400a=	[HW,SCSI]
 	ncr53c406a=	[HW,SCSI]
 	ncr53c8xx=	[HW,SCSI]
 	netdev=		[NET] Network devices parameters
 			Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
 			Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
 			something different and driver-specific.
 			This usage is only documented in each driver source
 			file if at all.
 	nf_conntrack.acct=
 			[NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
 			0 to disable accounting
 			1 to enable accounting
 			Default value depends on CONFIG_NF_CT_ACCT that is
 			going to be removed in 2.6.29.
 	nfsaddrs=	[NFS]
 			See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
 	nfsroot=	[NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
 			See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
 	nfs.callback_tcpport=
 			[NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
 			channel should listen.
 	nfs.cache_getent=
 			[NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used
 			to update the NFS client cache entries.
 	nfs.cache_getent_timeout=
 			[NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to
 			update a cache entry is deemed to have failed.
 	nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
 			[NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
 			entries.
 	nfs.enable_ino64=
 			[NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
 			If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
 			number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
 			of returning the full 64-bit number.
 			The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
 	nmi_debug=	[KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take
 			when a NMI is triggered.
 			Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
 	nmi_watchdog=	[KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
 			Format: [panic,][num]
 			Valid num: 0,1,2
 			0 - turn nmi_watchdog off
 			1 - use the IO-APIC timer for the NMI watchdog
 			2 - use the local APIC for the NMI watchdog using
 			a performance counter. Note: This will use one
 			performance counter and the local APIC's performance
 			vector.
 			When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
 			timeout occurs.
 			This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
 			need the box quickly up again.
 			Instead of 1 and 2 it is possible to use the following
 			symbolic names: lapic and ioapic
 			Example: nmi_watchdog=2 or nmi_watchdog=panic,lapic
 	netpoll.carrier_timeout=
 			[NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
 			netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll
 			waits 4 seconds.
 	no387		[BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
 			emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
 			is present.
 	no_console_suspend
 			[HW] Never suspend the console
 			Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
 			hibernate operations.  Once disabled, debugging
 			messages can reach various consoles while the rest
 			of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
 			debugging driver suspend/resume hooks).  This may
 			not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
 			to work with serial and VGA consoles.
 	noaliencache	[MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
 			caches in the slab allocator.  Saves per-node memory,
 			but will impact performance.
 	noalign		[KNL,ARM]
 	noapic		[SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
 			IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
 	nobats		[PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
 			on "Classic" PPC cores.
 	nocache		[ARM]
 	noclflush	[BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
 	nodelayacct	[KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
 	nodisconnect	[HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
 	nodsp		[SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
 	noefi		[X86] Disable EFI runtime services support.
 	noexec		[IA-64]
 	noexec		[X86]
 			On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
 			noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
 			noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
 	noexec32	[X86-64]
 			This affects only 32-bit executables.
 			noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
 				read doesn't imply executable mappings
 			noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
 				read implies executable mappings
 	nofpu		[SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
 	nofxsr		[BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
 			register save and restore. The kernel will only save
 			legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
 	noxsave		[BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
 			and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
 			enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
 	nohlt		[BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
 			wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
 			use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
 	no-hlt		[BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
 			instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
 			use it.
 	no_file_caps	Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities.  The
 			only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
 			is to be setuid root or executed by root.
 	nohalt		[IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
 			function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
 			power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
 			interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
 			in certain environments such as networked servers or
 			real-time systems.
 	nohz=		[KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
 			Valid arguments: on, off
 			Default: on
 	noiotrap	[SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
 	noirqdebug	[X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
 			disable unhandled interrupt sources.
 	no_timer_check	[X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
 			broken timer IRQ sources.
 	noisapnp	[ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
 	noinitrd	[RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
 			initial RAM disk.
 	nointremap	[X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
 			remapping.
 	nointroute	[IA-64]
 	nojitter	[IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
 	nolapic		[X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
 	nolapic_timer	[X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
 	noltlbs		[PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
 			lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
 	nomca		[IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
 	nomce		[X86-32] Machine Check Exception
 	nomfgpt		[X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
 			Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
 	norandmaps	Don't use address space randomization.  Equivalent to
 			echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
 	noreplace-paravirt	[X86-32,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
 	noreplace-smp	[X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
 			with UP alternatives
 	noresidual	[PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
 	noresume	[SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
 			space.
 	no-scroll	[VGA] Disables scrollback.
 			This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
 			reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
 	nosbagart	[IA-64]
 	nosep		[BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
 	nosmp		[SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
 			and disable the IO APIC.  legacy for "maxcpus=0".
 	nosoftlockup	[KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
 	noswapaccount	[KNL] Disable accounting of swap in memory resource
 			controller. (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
 	nosync		[HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
 	notsc		[BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
 	nousb		[USB] Disable the USB subsystem
 	nowb		[ARM]
 	nox2apic	[X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
 	nptcg=		[IA64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
 			purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
 			SAL PALO.
 	nr_uarts=	[SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
 	numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
 			one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
 			This can be set from sysctl after boot.
 			See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
 	ohci1394_dma=early	[HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
 			See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
 			info.
 	olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
 			Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
 			command is not properly ACKed, override the length
 			of the timeout.  We have interrupts disabled while
 			waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
 			interrupts *may* be lost!
 	omap_mux=	[OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
 			Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
 			For example, to override I2C bus2:
 			omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
 	opl3=		[HW,OSS]
 			Format: <io>
 	oprofile.timer=	[HW]
 			Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
 	oprofile.cpu_type=	Force an oprofile cpu type
 			This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
 			userland or if you want common events.
 			Format: { arch_perfmon }
 			arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
 				perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
 				CPU specific event set.
 	osst=		[HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
 			Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
 			See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
 	panic=		[KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
 			Format: <timeout>
 	parkbd.port=	[HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
 			connected to, default is 0.
 			Format: <parport#>
 	parkbd.mode=	[HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
 			0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
 			Format: <mode>
 	parport=	[HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
 			Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
 			Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
 			IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
 			ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
 			possible conflicts). You can specify the base
 			address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
 			should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
 			settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
 			(to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
 			Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
 			are specified on the command line, starting
 			with parport0.
 	parport_init_mode=	[HW,PPT]
 			Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
 			a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
 			computer where firmware has no options for setting
 			up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
 			Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
 			Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
 	pas2=		[HW,OSS] Format:
 			<io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
 	pas16=		[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
 	pause_on_oops=
 			Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
 			the specified number of seconds.  This is to be used if
 			your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
 	pcbit=		[HW,ISDN]
 	pcd.		[PARIDE]
 			See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
 			See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
 	pci=option[,option...]	[PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
 		earlydump	[X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
 			        changes anything
 		off		[X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
 		bios		[X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
 				the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
 				has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
 		nobios		[X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
 				hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
 				if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
 				suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
 		conf1		[X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
 				Mechanism 1.
 		conf2		[X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
 				Mechanism 2.
 		noaer		[PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
 				enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
 				disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
 		nodomains	[PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
 				root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
 		nommconf	[X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
 				Configuration
 		check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
 				properly configured MMIO access to PCI
 				config space on AMD family 10h CPU
 		nomsi		[MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
 				enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
 				disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
 		noioapicquirk	[APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
 				Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
 				should never be necessary.
 		ioapicreroute	[APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
 				primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
 				boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
 				when the system masks IRQs.
 		noioapicreroute	[APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
 				boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
 				a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
 				The opposite of ioapicreroute.
 		biosirq		[X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
 				routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
 				on several machines and they hang the machine
 				when used, but on other computers it's the only
 				way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
 				this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
 				IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
 				motherboard.
 		rom		[X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
 				Use with caution as certain devices share
 				address decoders between ROMs and other
 				resources.
 		norom		[X86] Do not assign address space to
 				expansion ROMs that do not already have
 				BIOS assigned address ranges.
 		irqmask=0xMMMM	[X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
 				assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
 				make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
 				this way.
 		pirqaddr=0xAAAAA	[X86] Specify the physical address
 				of the PIRQ table (normally generated
 				by the BIOS) if it is outside the
 				F0000h-100000h range.
 		lastbus=N	[X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
 				useful if the kernel is unable to find your
 				secondary buses and you want to tell it
 				explicitly which ones they are.
 		assign-busses	[X86] Always assign all PCI bus
 				numbers ourselves, overriding
 				whatever the firmware may have done.
 		usepirqmask	[X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
 				in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
 				some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
 				some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
 				notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
 				IRQ routing is enabled.
 		noacpi		[X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
 				or for PCI scanning.
 		use_crs		[X86] Use _CRS for PCI resource
 				allocation.
 		routeirq	Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
 				This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
 				so this option is a temporary workaround
 				for broken drivers that don't call it.
 		skip_isa_align	[X86] do not align io start addr, so can
 				handle more pci cards
 		firmware	[ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
 				just use the configuration from the
 				bootloader. This is currently used on
 				IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
 				configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
 		noearly		[X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
 				This might help on some broken boards which
 				machine check when some devices' config space
 				is read. But various workarounds are disabled
 				and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
 		bfsort		Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
 				This sorting is done to get a device
 				order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
 		nobfsort	Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
 		cbiosize=nn[KMG]	The fixed amount of bus space which is
 				reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
 				The default value is 256 bytes.
 		cbmemsize=nn[KMG]	The fixed amount of bus space which is
 				reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
 				window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
 		resource_alignment=
 				Format:
 				[<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
 				Specifies alignment and device to reassign
 				aligned memory resources.
 				If <order of align> is not specified,
 				PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
 				PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
 				windows need to be expanded.
 		ecrc=		Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
 				end-to-end CRC checking).
 				bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
 				the default.
 				off: Turn ECRC off
 				on: Turn ECRC on.
 	pcie_aspm=	[PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
 			Management.
 		off	Disable ASPM.
 		force	Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
 			WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
 	pcmv=		[HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
 	pd.		[PARIDE]
 			See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
 	pdcchassis=	[PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
 			boot time.
 			Format: { 0 | 1 }
 			See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
 	percpu_alloc=	Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
 			Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
 			Archs may support subset or none of the	selections.
 			See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
 			allocator.  This parameter is primarily	for debugging
 			and performance comparison.
 	pf.		[PARIDE]
 			See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
 	pg.		[PARIDE]
 			See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
 	pirq=		[SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
 			See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
 	plip=		[PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
 			Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
 			See also Documentation/parport.txt.
 	pmtmr=		[X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
 			Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
 			e.g. pmtmr=0x508
 	pnp.debug	[PNP]
 			Enable PNP debug messages.  This depends on the
 			CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option.
 	pnpacpi=	[ACPI]
 			{ off }
 	pnpbios=	[ISAPNP]
 			{ on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
 	pnp_reserve_irq=
 			[ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
 	pnp_reserve_dma=
 			[ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
 	pnp_reserve_io=	[ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
 			Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
 	pnp_reserve_mem=
 			[ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
 			autoconfiguration.
 			Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
 	ports=		[IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
 			Default is 21.
 			Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
 			may be specified.
 			Format: <port>,<port>....
 	print-fatal-signals=
 			[KNL] debug: print fatal signals
 			If enabled, warn about various signal handling
 			related application anomalies: too many signals,
 			too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
 			coredump - etc.
 			If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
 			you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
 			default: off.
 	printk.time=	Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
 			Format: <bool>  (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
 	processor.max_cstate=	[HW,ACPI]
 			Limit processor to maximum C-state
 			max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
 	processor.nocst	[HW,ACPI]
 			Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
 			instead using the legacy FADT method
 	profile=	[KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
 			Format: [schedule,]<number>
 			Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
 			Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
 				statistical time based profiling.
 			Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
 				Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
 			Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
 	prompt_ramdisk=	[RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
 			before loading.
 			See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
 	psmouse.proto=	[HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
 			probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
 	psmouse.rate=	[HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
 			per second.
 	psmouse.resetafter=	[HW,MOUSE]
 			Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
 			(0 = never).
 	psmouse.resolution=
 			[HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
 	psmouse.smartscroll=
 			[HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
 			0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
 	pss=		[HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
 			Format:
 			<io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
 	pt.		[PARIDE]
 			See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
 	pty.legacy_count=
 			[KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
 			default number.
 	quiet		[KNL] Disable most log messages
 	r128=		[HW,DRM]
 	raid=		[HW,RAID]
 			See Documentation/md.txt.
 	ramdisk_blocksize=	[RAM]
 			See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
 	ramdisk_size=	[RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
 			See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
 	rcupdate.blimit=	[KNL,BOOT]
 			Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
 			in one batch.
 	rcupdate.qhimark=	[KNL,BOOT]
 			Set threshold of queued
 			RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
 	rcupdate.qlowmark=	[KNL,BOOT]
 			Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
 			batch limiting is re-enabled.
 	rdinit=		[KNL]
 			Format: <full_path>
 			Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
 			used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
 	reboot=		[BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
 			Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
 			See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
 	relax_domain_level=
 			[KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
 			See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
 	reserve=	[KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
 	reservetop=	[X86-32]
 			Format: nn[KMG]
 			Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
 			address space.
 	reset_devices	[KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
 			during initialization.
 	resume=		[SWSUSP]
 			Specify the partition device for software suspend
 	resume_offset=	[SWSUSP]
 			Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
 			given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
 			in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
 			See  Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
 	retain_initrd	[RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
 	rhash_entries=	[KNL,NET]
 			Set number of hash buckets for route cache
 	riscom8=	[HW,SERIAL]
 			Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
 	ro		[KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
 	root=		[KNL] Root filesystem
 	rootdelay=	[KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
 			mount the root filesystem
 	rootflags=	[KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
 	rootfstype=	[KNL] Set root filesystem type
 	rootwait	[KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
 			Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
 			(e.g. USB and MMC devices).
 	rw		[KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
 	S		[KNL] Run init in single mode
 	sa1100ir	[NET]
 			See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
 	sbni=		[NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
 	sched_debug	[KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
 	sc1200wdt=	[HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
 			Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
 	scsi_debug_*=	[SCSI]
 			See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
 	scsi_default_dev_flags=
 			[SCSI] SCSI default device flags
 			Format: <integer>
 	scsi_dev_flags=	[SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
 			Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
 			(flags are integer value)
 	scsi_logging_level=	[SCSI] a bit mask of logging levels
 			See drivers/scsi/scsi_logging.h for bits.  Also
 			settable via sysctl at dev.scsi.logging_level
 			(/proc/sys/dev/scsi/logging_level).
 			There is also a nice 'scsi_logging_level' script in the
 			S390-tools package, available for download at
 			http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/s390-tools-1.5.4.html
 	scsi_mod.scan=	[SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
 			discovered.  async scans them in kernel threads,
 			allowing boot to proceed.  none ignores them, expecting
 			user space to do the scan.
 	security=	[SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
 			If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
 			security module asking for security registration will be
 			loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
 			as if no module has been chosen.
 	selinux=	[SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
 			Format: { "0" | "1" }
 			See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
 			0 -- disable.
 			1 -- enable.
 			Default value is set via kernel config option.
 			If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
 			later to disable prior to initial policy load.
 	serialnumber	[BUGS=X86-32]
 	shapers=	[NET]
 			Maximal number of shapers.
 	show_msr=	[x86] show boot-time MSR settings
 			Format: { <integer> }
 			Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
 			The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
 			for example 1 means boot CPU only.
 	sim710=		[SCSI,HW]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
 	simeth=		[IA-64]
 	simscsi=
 	slram=		[HW,MTD]
 	slub_debug[=options[,slabs]]	[MM, SLUB]
 			Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
 			culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
 			slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
 			may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
 			last alloc / free. For more information see
 			Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
 	slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
 			Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
 			A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
 			fragmentation. For more information see
 			Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
 	slub_min_objects=	[MM, SLUB]
 			The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
 			increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
 			generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
 			the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
 			of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
 			and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
 			For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
 	slub_min_order=	[MM, SLUB]
 			Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
 			lower than slub_max_order.
 			For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
 	slub_nomerge	[MM, SLUB]
 			Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
 			necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
 			allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
 			merging on their own.
 			For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
 	smart2=		[HW]
 			Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
 	smp-alt-once	[X86-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
 			attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
 	smsc-ircc2.nopnp	[HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
 	smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg=	[HW] Device configuration I/O port
 	smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir=	[HW] SIR base I/O port
 	smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir=	[HW] FIR base I/O port
 	smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq=	[HW] IRQ line
 	smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma=	[HW] DMA channel
 	smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
 				0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
 				1: Fast pin select (default)
 				2: ATC IRMode
 	snd-ad1816a=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-ad1848=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-ali5451=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-als100=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-als4000=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-azt2320=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-cmi8330=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-cmipci=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-cs4231=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-cs4232=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-cs4236=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-cs4281=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-cs46xx=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-dt019x=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-dummy=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-emu10k1=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-ens1370=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-ens1371=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-es968=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-es1688=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-es18xx=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-es1938=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-es1968=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-fm801=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-gusclassic=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-gusextreme=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-gusmax=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-hdsp=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-ice1712=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-intel8x0=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-interwave=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-interwave-stb=
 			[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-korg1212=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-maestro3=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-mpu401=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-mtpav=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-nm256=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-opl3sa2=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-opti92x-ad1848=
 			[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-opti92x-cs4231=
 			[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-opti93x=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-pmac=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-rme32=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-rme96=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-rme9652=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-sb8=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-sb16=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-sbawe=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-serial=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-sgalaxy=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-sonicvibes=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-sun-amd7930=
 			[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-sun-cs4231=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-trident=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-usb-audio=	[HW,ALSA,USB]
 	snd-via82xx=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-virmidi=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-wavefront=	[HW,ALSA]
 	snd-ymfpci=	[HW,ALSA]
 	softlockup_panic=
 			[KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
 	sonypi.*=	[HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
 			See Documentation/sonypi.txt
 	specialix=	[HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
 			See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
 	spia_io_base=	[HW,MTD]
 	spia_fio_base=
 	spia_pedr=
 	spia_peddr=
 	sscape=		[HW,OSS]
 			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
 	st=		[HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
 			See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
 	stacktrace	[FTRACE]
 			Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
 	sti=		[PARISC,HW]
 			Format: <num>
 			Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
 			machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
 			as the initial boot-console.
 			See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
 	sti_font=	[HW]
 			See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
 	stifb=		[HW]
 			Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
 	sunrpc.min_resvport=
 	sunrpc.max_resvport=
 			[NFS,SUNRPC]
 			SunRPC servers often require that client requests
 			originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
 			range 0 < portnr < 1024).
 			An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
 			ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
 			kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
 			using these two parameters to set the minimum and
 			maximum port values.
 	sunrpc.pool_mode=
 			[NFS]
 			Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
 			service thread pools.  Depending on how many NICs
 			you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
 			option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
 			Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
 			NFS server is running.
 			auto	    the server chooses an appropriate mode
 				    automatically using heuristics
 			global	    a single global pool contains all CPUs
 			percpu	    one pool for each CPU
 			pernode	    one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
 				    to global on non-NUMA machines)
 	sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
 	sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
 			[NFS,SUNRPC]
 			Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
 			RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
 			server. Increasing these values may allow you to
 			improve throughput, but will also increase the
 			amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
 	swiotlb=	[IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
 	switches=	[HW,M68k]
 	sym53c416=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
 	sysrq_always_enabled
 			[KNL]
 			Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
 			neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
 			Useful for debugging.
 	t128=		[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
 	tdfx=		[HW,DRM]
 	test_suspend=	[SUSPEND]
 			Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
 			standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
 			enter during system startup.  The system is woken from
 			this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
 	thash_entries=	[KNL,NET]
 			Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
 	thermal.act=	[HW,ACPI]
 			-1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
 			<degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
 	thermal.crt=	[HW,ACPI]
 			-1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
 			<degrees C>: override all critical trip points
 	thermal.nocrt=	[HW,ACPI]
 			Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
 			critical and hot trip points.
 	thermal.off=	[HW,ACPI]
 			1: disable ACPI thermal control
 	thermal.psv=	[HW,ACPI]
 			-1: disable all passive trip points
 			<degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
 			value
 	thermal.tzp=	[HW,ACPI]
 			Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
 			<deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
 			0: no polling (default)
 	tmscsim=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See comment before function dc390_setup() in
 			drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
 	topology=	[S390]
 			Format: {off | on}
 			Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
 			topology informations if the hardware supports these.
 			The scheduler will make use of these informations and
 			e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
 			Default is off.
 	tp720=		[HW,PS2]
 	trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
 			[FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size.
 	trace_event=[event-list]
 			[FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
 			to facilitate early boot debugging.
 			See also Documentation/trace/events.txt
 	trix=		[HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
 			Format:
 			<io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
 	tsc=		Disable clocksource-must-verify flag for TSC.
 			Format: <string>
 			[x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
 			disables clocksource verification at runtime.
 			Used to enable high-resolution timer mode on older
 			hardware, and in virtualized environment.
 	turbografx.map[2|3]=	[HW,JOY]
 			TurboGraFX parallel port interface
 			Format:
 			<port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
 			See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
 	u14-34f=	[HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
 			See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
 	uart401=	[HW,OSS]
 			Format: <io>,<irq>
 	uart6850=	[HW,OSS]
 			Format: <io>,<irq>
 	uhash_entries=	[KNL,NET]
 			Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
 	uhci-hcd.ignore_oc=
 			[USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
 			Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
 			bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
 			anything.  Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
 			Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
 			reported either.
 	unknown_nmi_panic
 			[X86]
 			Set unknown_nmi_panic=1 early on boot.
 	usbcore.autosuspend=
 			[USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
 			for newly-detected USB devices (default 2).  This
 			is the time required before an idle device will be
 			autosuspended.  Devices for which the delay is set
 			to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
 	usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
 			[USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
 	usbcore.blinkenlights=
 			[USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
 	usbcore.old_scheme_first=
 			[USB] Start with the old device initialization
 			scheme (default 0 = off).
 	usbcore.use_both_schemes=
 			[USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
 			if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
 	usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
 			[USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
                         USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
 			(default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
 	usbhid.mousepoll=
 			[USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
 	usb-storage.delay_use=
 			[UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
 			scanned for Logical Units (default 5).
 	usb-storage.quirks=
 			[UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
 			override the built-in unusual_devs list.  List
 			entries are separated by commas.  Each entry has
 			the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
 			and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
 			Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
 			to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
 				a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
 					of sense data);
 				b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18
 					bytes of sense data);
 				c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
 					device capacity by one sector);
 				h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
 					reported device capacity by one
 					sector if the number is odd);
 				i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
 					device);
 				l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
 					unlock ejectable media);
 				m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
 					than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
 				o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
 					reported by the device);
 				r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
 					bogus residue values);
 				s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
 					Logical Unit);
 				w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
 					medium is write-protected).
 			Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
 	vdso=		[X86,SH]
 			vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
 			vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
 			vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
 	vdso32=		[X86]
 			vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
 			vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
 			vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
 	vector=		[IA-64,SMP]
 			vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
 	video=		[FB] Frame buffer configuration
 			See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
 	vga=		[BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
 			See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
 			Documentation/svga.txt.
 			Use vga=ask for menu.
 			This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
 			passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
 	vmalloc=nn[KMG]	[KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
 			size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
 			minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
 			decrease the size and leave more room for directly
 			mapped kernel RAM.
 	vmhalt=		[KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
 			Format: <command>
 	vmpanic=	[KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
 			Format: <command>
 	vmpoff=		[KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
 			Format: <command>
+	vt.cur_default=	[VT] Default cursor shape.
+			Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as
+			the parameters of the <Esc>[?A;B;Cc escape sequence;
+			see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
 	vt.default_blu=	[VT]
 			Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
 			Change the default blue palette of the console.
 			This is a 16-member array composed of values
 			ranging from 0-255.
 	vt.default_grn=	[VT]
 			Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
 			Change the default green palette of the console.
 			This is a 16-member array composed of values
 			ranging from 0-255.
 	vt.default_red=	[VT]
 			Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
 			Change the default red palette of the console.
 			This is a 16-member array composed of values
 			ranging from 0-255.
 	vt.default_utf8=
 			[VT]
 			Format=<0|1>
 			Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
 			Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
 			newly opened terminals.
 	vt.global_cursor_default=
 			[VT]
 			Format=<-1|0|1>
 			Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
 			is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
 			i.e. cursors will be created by default unless
 			overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide
 			cursors, 1 will display them.
 	waveartist=	[HW,OSS]
 			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
 	wd33c93=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
 	wd7000=		[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
 	wdt=		[WDT] Watchdog
 			See Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt.
 	x2apic_phys	[X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
 			default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
 			supporting x2apic.
 	xd=		[HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
 	xd_geo=		See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
 	xirc2ps_cs=	[NET,PCMCIA]
 			Format:
 			<irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
 ______________________________________________________________________
 TODO:
 	Add documentation for ALSA options.
 	Add more DRM drivers.

drivers/char/vt.c

Diff comments View file @ 9ea9a88

 /*
  *  linux/drivers/char/vt.c
  *
  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
  */
 /*
  * Hopefully this will be a rather complete VT102 implementation.
  *
  * Beeping thanks to John T Kohl.
  *
  * Virtual Consoles, Screen Blanking, Screen Dumping, Color, Graphics
  *   Chars, and VT100 enhancements by Peter MacDonald.
  *
  * Copy and paste function by Andrew Haylett,
  *   some enhancements by Alessandro Rubini.
  *
  * Code to check for different video-cards mostly by Galen Hunt,
  * <g-hunt@ee.utah.edu>
  *
  * Rudimentary ISO 10646/Unicode/UTF-8 character set support by
  * Markus Kuhn, <mskuhn@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>.
  *
  * Dynamic allocation of consoles, aeb@cwi.nl, May 1994
  * Resizing of consoles, aeb, 940926
  *
  * Code for xterm like mouse click reporting by Peter Orbaek 20-Jul-94
  * <poe@daimi.aau.dk>
  *
  * User-defined bell sound, new setterm control sequences and printk
  * redirection by Martin Mares <mj@k332.feld.cvut.cz> 19-Nov-95
  *
  * APM screenblank bug fixed Takashi Manabe <manabe@roy.dsl.tutics.tut.jp>
  *
  * Merge with the abstract console driver by Geert Uytterhoeven
  * <geert@linux-m68k.org>, Jan 1997.
  *
  *   Original m68k console driver modifications by
  *
  *     - Arno Griffioen <arno@usn.nl>
  *     - David Carter <carter@cs.bris.ac.uk>
  *
  *   The abstract console driver provides a generic interface for a text
  *   console. It supports VGA text mode, frame buffer based graphical consoles
  *   and special graphics processors that are only accessible through some
  *   registers (e.g. a TMS340x0 GSP).
  *
  *   The interface to the hardware is specified using a special structure
  *   (struct consw) which contains function pointers to console operations
  *   (see <linux/console.h> for more information).
  *
  * Support for changeable cursor shape
  * by Pavel Machek <pavel@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>, August 1997
  *
  * Ported to i386 and con_scrolldelta fixed
  * by Emmanuel Marty <core@ggi-project.org>, April 1998
  *
  * Resurrected character buffers in videoram plus lots of other trickery
  * by Martin Mares <mj@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>, July 1998
  *
  * Removed old-style timers, introduced console_timer, made timer
  * deletion SMP-safe.  17Jun00, Andrew Morton
  *
  * Removed console_lock, enabled interrupts across all console operations
  * 13 March 2001, Andrew Morton
  *
  * Fixed UTF-8 mode so alternate charset modes always work according
  * to control sequences interpreted in do_con_trol function
  * preserving backward VT100 semigraphics compatibility,
  * malformed UTF sequences represented as sequences of replacement glyphs,
  * original codes or '?' as a last resort if replacement glyph is undefined
  * by Adam Tla/lka <atlka@pg.gda.pl>, Aug 2006
  */
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/tty.h>
 #include <linux/tty_flip.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/kd.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/major.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/console.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/vt_kern.h>
 #include <linux/selection.h>
 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
 #include <linux/kbd_kern.h>
 #include <linux/consolemap.h>
 #include <linux/timer.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
 #include <linux/pm.h>
 #include <linux/font.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/notifier.h>
 #include <linux/device.h>
 #include <linux/io.h>
 #include <asm/system.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #define MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER 16
 #define CON_DRIVER_FLAG_MODULE 1
 #define CON_DRIVER_FLAG_INIT   2
 #define CON_DRIVER_FLAG_ATTR   4
 struct con_driver {
 	const struct consw *con;
 	const char *desc;
 	struct device *dev;
 	int node;
 	int first;
 	int last;
 	int flag;
 };
 static struct con_driver registered_con_driver[MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER];
 const struct consw *conswitchp;
 /* A bitmap for codes <32. A bit of 1 indicates that the code
  * corresponding to that bit number invokes some special action
  * (such as cursor movement) and should not be displayed as a
  * glyph unless the disp_ctrl mode is explicitly enabled.
  */
 #define CTRL_ACTION 0x0d00ff81
 #define CTRL_ALWAYS 0x0800f501	/* Cannot be overridden by disp_ctrl */
 /*
  * Here is the default bell parameters: 750HZ, 1/8th of a second
  */
 #define DEFAULT_BELL_PITCH	750
 #define DEFAULT_BELL_DURATION	(HZ/8)
 struct vc vc_cons [MAX_NR_CONSOLES];
 #ifndef VT_SINGLE_DRIVER
 static const struct consw *con_driver_map[MAX_NR_CONSOLES];
 #endif
 static int con_open(struct tty_struct *, struct file *);
 static void vc_init(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int rows,
 		    unsigned int cols, int do_clear);
 static void gotoxy(struct vc_data *vc, int new_x, int new_y);
 static void save_cur(struct vc_data *vc);
 static void reset_terminal(struct vc_data *vc, int do_clear);
 static void con_flush_chars(struct tty_struct *tty);
 static int set_vesa_blanking(char __user *p);
 static void set_cursor(struct vc_data *vc);
 static void hide_cursor(struct vc_data *vc);
 static void console_callback(struct work_struct *ignored);
 static void blank_screen_t(unsigned long dummy);
 static void set_palette(struct vc_data *vc);
 static int printable;		/* Is console ready for printing? */
 int default_utf8 = true;
 module_param(default_utf8, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 int global_cursor_default = -1;
 module_param(global_cursor_default, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
+static int cur_default = CUR_DEFAULT;
+module_param(cur_default, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 /*
  * ignore_poke: don't unblank the screen when things are typed.  This is
  * mainly for the privacy of braille terminal users.
  */
 static int ignore_poke;
 int do_poke_blanked_console;
 int console_blanked;
 static int vesa_blank_mode; /* 0:none 1:suspendV 2:suspendH 3:powerdown */
 static int vesa_off_interval;
 static int blankinterval = 10*60;
 core_param(consoleblank, blankinterval, int, 0444);
 static DECLARE_WORK(console_work, console_callback);
 /*
  * fg_console is the current virtual console,
  * last_console is the last used one,
  * want_console is the console we want to switch to,
  */
 int fg_console;
 int last_console;
 int want_console = -1;
 /*
  * For each existing display, we have a pointer to console currently visible
  * on that display, allowing consoles other than fg_console to be refreshed
  * appropriately. Unless the low-level driver supplies its own display_fg
  * variable, we use this one for the "master display".
  */
 static struct vc_data *master_display_fg;
 /*
  * Unfortunately, we need to delay tty echo when we're currently writing to the
  * console since the code is (and always was) not re-entrant, so we schedule
  * all flip requests to process context with schedule-task() and run it from
  * console_callback().
  */
 /*
  * For the same reason, we defer scrollback to the console callback.
  */
 static int scrollback_delta;
 /*
  * Hook so that the power management routines can (un)blank
  * the console on our behalf.
  */
 int (*console_blank_hook)(int);
 static DEFINE_TIMER(console_timer, blank_screen_t, 0, 0);
 static int blank_state;
 static int blank_timer_expired;
 enum {
 	blank_off = 0,
 	blank_normal_wait,
 	blank_vesa_wait,
 };
 /*
  * Notifier list for console events.
  */
 static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(vt_notifier_list);
 int register_vt_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
 {
 	return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&vt_notifier_list, nb);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_vt_notifier);
 int unregister_vt_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
 {
 	return atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&vt_notifier_list, nb);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_vt_notifier);
 static void notify_write(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int unicode)
 {
 	struct vt_notifier_param param = { .vc = vc, unicode = unicode };
 	atomic_notifier_call_chain(&vt_notifier_list, VT_WRITE, &param);
 }
 static void notify_update(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	struct vt_notifier_param param = { .vc = vc };
 	atomic_notifier_call_chain(&vt_notifier_list, VT_UPDATE, &param);
 }
 /*
  *	Low-Level Functions
  */
 #define IS_FG(vc)	((vc)->vc_num == fg_console)
 #ifdef VT_BUF_VRAM_ONLY
 #define DO_UPDATE(vc)	0
 #else
 #define DO_UPDATE(vc)	(CON_IS_VISIBLE(vc) && !console_blanked)
 #endif
 static inline unsigned short *screenpos(struct vc_data *vc, int offset, int viewed)
 {
 	unsigned short *p;
 	if (!viewed)
 		p = (unsigned short *)(vc->vc_origin + offset);
 	else if (!vc->vc_sw->con_screen_pos)
 		p = (unsigned short *)(vc->vc_visible_origin + offset);
 	else
 		p = vc->vc_sw->con_screen_pos(vc, offset);
 	return p;
 }
 static inline void scrolldelta(int lines)
 {
 	scrollback_delta += lines;
 	schedule_console_callback();
 }
 void schedule_console_callback(void)
 {
 	schedule_work(&console_work);
 }
 static void scrup(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int t, unsigned int b, int nr)
 {
 	unsigned short *d, *s;
 	if (t+nr >= b)
 		nr = b - t - 1;
 	if (b > vc->vc_rows || t >= b || nr < 1)
 		return;
 	if (CON_IS_VISIBLE(vc) && vc->vc_sw->con_scroll(vc, t, b, SM_UP, nr))
 		return;
 	d = (unsigned short *)(vc->vc_origin + vc->vc_size_row * t);
 	s = (unsigned short *)(vc->vc_origin + vc->vc_size_row * (t + nr));
 	scr_memmovew(d, s, (b - t - nr) * vc->vc_size_row);
 	scr_memsetw(d + (b - t - nr) * vc->vc_cols, vc->vc_video_erase_char,
 		    vc->vc_size_row * nr);
 }
 static void scrdown(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int t, unsigned int b, int nr)
 {
 	unsigned short *s;
 	unsigned int step;
 	if (t+nr >= b)
 		nr = b - t - 1;
 	if (b > vc->vc_rows || t >= b || nr < 1)
 		return;
 	if (CON_IS_VISIBLE(vc) && vc->vc_sw->con_scroll(vc, t, b, SM_DOWN, nr))
 		return;
 	s = (unsigned short *)(vc->vc_origin + vc->vc_size_row * t);
 	step = vc->vc_cols * nr;
 	scr_memmovew(s + step, s, (b - t - nr) * vc->vc_size_row);
 	scr_memsetw(s, vc->vc_video_erase_char, 2 * step);
 }
 static void do_update_region(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned long start, int count)
 {
 #ifndef VT_BUF_VRAM_ONLY
 	unsigned int xx, yy, offset;
 	u16 *p;
 	p = (u16 *) start;
 	if (!vc->vc_sw->con_getxy) {
 		offset = (start - vc->vc_origin) / 2;
 		xx = offset % vc->vc_cols;
 		yy = offset / vc->vc_cols;
 	} else {
 		int nxx, nyy;
 		start = vc->vc_sw->con_getxy(vc, start, &nxx, &nyy);
 		xx = nxx; yy = nyy;
 	}
 	for(;;) {
 		u16 attrib = scr_readw(p) & 0xff00;
 		int startx = xx;
 		u16 *q = p;
 		while (xx < vc->vc_cols && count) {
 			if (attrib != (scr_readw(p) & 0xff00)) {
 				if (p > q)
 					vc->vc_sw->con_putcs(vc, q, p-q, yy, startx);
 				startx = xx;
 				q = p;
 				attrib = scr_readw(p) & 0xff00;
 			}
 			p++;
 			xx++;
 			count--;
 		}
 		if (p > q)
 			vc->vc_sw->con_putcs(vc, q, p-q, yy, startx);
 		if (!count)
 			break;
 		xx = 0;
 		yy++;
 		if (vc->vc_sw->con_getxy) {
 			p = (u16 *)start;
 			start = vc->vc_sw->con_getxy(vc, start, NULL, NULL);
 		}
 	}
 #endif
 }
 void update_region(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned long start, int count)
 {
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	if (DO_UPDATE(vc)) {
 		hide_cursor(vc);
 		do_update_region(vc, start, count);
 		set_cursor(vc);
 	}
 }
 /* Structure of attributes is hardware-dependent */
 static u8 build_attr(struct vc_data *vc, u8 _color, u8 _intensity, u8 _blink,
     u8 _underline, u8 _reverse, u8 _italic)
 {
 	if (vc->vc_sw->con_build_attr)
 		return vc->vc_sw->con_build_attr(vc, _color, _intensity,
 		       _blink, _underline, _reverse, _italic);
 #ifndef VT_BUF_VRAM_ONLY
 /*
  * ++roman: I completely changed the attribute format for monochrome
  * mode (!can_do_color). The formerly used MDA (monochrome display
  * adapter) format didn't allow the combination of certain effects.
  * Now the attribute is just a bit vector:
  *  Bit 0..1: intensity (0..2)
  *  Bit 2   : underline
  *  Bit 3   : reverse
  *  Bit 7   : blink
  */
 	{
 	u8 a = _color;
 	if (!vc->vc_can_do_color)
 		return _intensity |
 		       (_italic ? 2 : 0) |
 		       (_underline ? 4 : 0) |
 		       (_reverse ? 8 : 0) |
 		       (_blink ? 0x80 : 0);
 	if (_italic)
 		a = (a & 0xF0) | vc->vc_itcolor;
 	else if (_underline)
 		a = (a & 0xf0) | vc->vc_ulcolor;
 	else if (_intensity == 0)
 		a = (a & 0xf0) | vc->vc_ulcolor;
 	if (_reverse)
 		a = ((a) & 0x88) | ((((a) >> 4) | ((a) << 4)) & 0x77);
 	if (_blink)
 		a ^= 0x80;
 	if (_intensity == 2)
 		a ^= 0x08;
 	if (vc->vc_hi_font_mask == 0x100)
 		a <<= 1;
 	return a;
 	}
 #else
 	return 0;
 #endif
 }
 static void update_attr(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	vc->vc_attr = build_attr(vc, vc->vc_color, vc->vc_intensity,
 	              vc->vc_blink, vc->vc_underline,
 	              vc->vc_reverse ^ vc->vc_decscnm, vc->vc_italic);
 	vc->vc_video_erase_char = (build_attr(vc, vc->vc_color, 1, vc->vc_blink, 0, vc->vc_decscnm, 0) << 8) | ' ';
 }
 /* Note: inverting the screen twice should revert to the original state */
 void invert_screen(struct vc_data *vc, int offset, int count, int viewed)
 {
 	unsigned short *p;
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	count /= 2;
 	p = screenpos(vc, offset, viewed);
 	if (vc->vc_sw->con_invert_region)
 		vc->vc_sw->con_invert_region(vc, p, count);
 #ifndef VT_BUF_VRAM_ONLY
 	else {
 		u16 *q = p;
 		int cnt = count;
 		u16 a;
 		if (!vc->vc_can_do_color) {
 			while (cnt--) {
 			    a = scr_readw(q);
 			    a ^= 0x0800;
 			    scr_writew(a, q);
 			    q++;
 			}
 		} else if (vc->vc_hi_font_mask == 0x100) {
 			while (cnt--) {
 				a = scr_readw(q);
 				a = ((a) & 0x11ff) | (((a) & 0xe000) >> 4) | (((a) & 0x0e00) << 4);
 				scr_writew(a, q);
 				q++;
 			}
 		} else {
 			while (cnt--) {
 				a = scr_readw(q);
 				a = ((a) & 0x88ff) | (((a) & 0x7000) >> 4) | (((a) & 0x0700) << 4);
 				scr_writew(a, q);
 				q++;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 #endif
 	if (DO_UPDATE(vc))
 		do_update_region(vc, (unsigned long) p, count);
 }
 /* used by selection: complement pointer position */
 void complement_pos(struct vc_data *vc, int offset)
 {
 	static int old_offset = -1;
 	static unsigned short old;
 	static unsigned short oldx, oldy;
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	if (old_offset != -1 && old_offset >= 0 &&
 	    old_offset < vc->vc_screenbuf_size) {
 		scr_writew(old, screenpos(vc, old_offset, 1));
 		if (DO_UPDATE(vc))
 			vc->vc_sw->con_putc(vc, old, oldy, oldx);
 	}
 	old_offset = offset;
 	if (offset != -1 && offset >= 0 &&
 	    offset < vc->vc_screenbuf_size) {
 		unsigned short new;
 		unsigned short *p;
 		p = screenpos(vc, offset, 1);
 		old = scr_readw(p);
 		new = old ^ vc->vc_complement_mask;
 		scr_writew(new, p);
 		if (DO_UPDATE(vc)) {
 			oldx = (offset >> 1) % vc->vc_cols;
 			oldy = (offset >> 1) / vc->vc_cols;
 			vc->vc_sw->con_putc(vc, new, oldy, oldx);
 		}
 	}
 }
 static void insert_char(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int nr)
 {
 	unsigned short *p, *q = (unsigned short *)vc->vc_pos;
 	p = q + vc->vc_cols - nr - vc->vc_x;
 	while (--p >= q)
 		scr_writew(scr_readw(p), p + nr);
 	scr_memsetw(q, vc->vc_video_erase_char, nr * 2);
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 	if (DO_UPDATE(vc)) {
 		unsigned short oldattr = vc->vc_attr;
 		vc->vc_sw->con_bmove(vc, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x + nr, 1,
 				     vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x - nr);
 		vc->vc_attr = vc->vc_video_erase_char >> 8;
 		while (nr--)
 			vc->vc_sw->con_putc(vc, vc->vc_video_erase_char, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x + nr);
 		vc->vc_attr = oldattr;
 	}
 }
 static void delete_char(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int nr)
 {
 	unsigned int i = vc->vc_x;
 	unsigned short *p = (unsigned short *)vc->vc_pos;
 	while (++i <= vc->vc_cols - nr) {
 		scr_writew(scr_readw(p+nr), p);
 		p++;
 	}
 	scr_memsetw(p, vc->vc_video_erase_char, nr * 2);
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 	if (DO_UPDATE(vc)) {
 		unsigned short oldattr = vc->vc_attr;
 		vc->vc_sw->con_bmove(vc, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x + nr, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x, 1,
 				     vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x - nr);
 		vc->vc_attr = vc->vc_video_erase_char >> 8;
 		while (nr--)
 			vc->vc_sw->con_putc(vc, vc->vc_video_erase_char, vc->vc_y,
 				     vc->vc_cols - 1 - nr);
 		vc->vc_attr = oldattr;
 	}
 }
 static int softcursor_original;
 static void add_softcursor(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	int i = scr_readw((u16 *) vc->vc_pos);
 	u32 type = vc->vc_cursor_type;
 	if (! (type & 0x10)) return;
 	if (softcursor_original != -1) return;
 	softcursor_original = i;
 	i |= ((type >> 8) & 0xff00 );
 	i ^= ((type) & 0xff00 );
 	if ((type & 0x20) && ((softcursor_original & 0x7000) == (i & 0x7000))) i ^= 0x7000;
 	if ((type & 0x40) && ((i & 0x700) == ((i & 0x7000) >> 4))) i ^= 0x0700;
 	scr_writew(i, (u16 *) vc->vc_pos);
 	if (DO_UPDATE(vc))
 		vc->vc_sw->con_putc(vc, i, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x);
 }
 static void hide_softcursor(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	if (softcursor_original != -1) {
 		scr_writew(softcursor_original, (u16 *)vc->vc_pos);
 		if (DO_UPDATE(vc))
 			vc->vc_sw->con_putc(vc, softcursor_original,
 					vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x);
 		softcursor_original = -1;
 	}
 }
 static void hide_cursor(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	if (vc == sel_cons)
 		clear_selection();
 	vc->vc_sw->con_cursor(vc, CM_ERASE);
 	hide_softcursor(vc);
 }
 static void set_cursor(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	if (!IS_FG(vc) || console_blanked ||
 	    vc->vc_mode == KD_GRAPHICS)
 		return;
 	if (vc->vc_deccm) {
 		if (vc == sel_cons)
 			clear_selection();
 		add_softcursor(vc);
 		if ((vc->vc_cursor_type & 0x0f) != 1)
 			vc->vc_sw->con_cursor(vc, CM_DRAW);
 	} else
 		hide_cursor(vc);
 }
 static void set_origin(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	if (!CON_IS_VISIBLE(vc) ||
 	    !vc->vc_sw->con_set_origin ||
 	    !vc->vc_sw->con_set_origin(vc))
 		vc->vc_origin = (unsigned long)vc->vc_screenbuf;
 	vc->vc_visible_origin = vc->vc_origin;
 	vc->vc_scr_end = vc->vc_origin + vc->vc_screenbuf_size;
 	vc->vc_pos = vc->vc_origin + vc->vc_size_row * vc->vc_y + 2 * vc->vc_x;
 }
 static inline void save_screen(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	if (vc->vc_sw->con_save_screen)
 		vc->vc_sw->con_save_screen(vc);
 }
 /*
  *	Redrawing of screen
  */
 static void clear_buffer_attributes(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	unsigned short *p = (unsigned short *)vc->vc_origin;
 	int count = vc->vc_screenbuf_size / 2;
 	int mask = vc->vc_hi_font_mask | 0xff;
 	for (; count > 0; count--, p++) {
 		scr_writew((scr_readw(p)&mask) | (vc->vc_video_erase_char & ~mask), p);
 	}
 }
 void redraw_screen(struct vc_data *vc, int is_switch)
 {
 	int redraw = 0;
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	if (!vc) {
 		/* strange ... */
 		/* printk("redraw_screen: tty %d not allocated ??\n", new_console+1); */
 		return;
 	}
 	if (is_switch) {
 		struct vc_data *old_vc = vc_cons[fg_console].d;
 		if (old_vc == vc)
 			return;
 		if (!CON_IS_VISIBLE(vc))
 			redraw = 1;
 		*vc->vc_display_fg = vc;
 		fg_console = vc->vc_num;
 		hide_cursor(old_vc);
 		if (!CON_IS_VISIBLE(old_vc)) {
 			save_screen(old_vc);
 			set_origin(old_vc);
 		}
 	} else {
 		hide_cursor(vc);
 		redraw = 1;
 	}
 	if (redraw) {
 		int update;
 		int old_was_color = vc->vc_can_do_color;
 		set_origin(vc);
 		update = vc->vc_sw->con_switch(vc);
 		set_palette(vc);
 		/*
 		 * If console changed from mono<->color, the best we can do
 		 * is to clear the buffer attributes. As it currently stands,
 		 * rebuilding new attributes from the old buffer is not doable
 		 * without overly complex code.
 		 */
 		if (old_was_color != vc->vc_can_do_color) {
 			update_attr(vc);
 			clear_buffer_attributes(vc);
 		}
 		if (update && vc->vc_mode != KD_GRAPHICS)
 			do_update_region(vc, vc->vc_origin, vc->vc_screenbuf_size / 2);
 	}
 	set_cursor(vc);
 	if (is_switch) {
 		set_leds();
 		compute_shiftstate();
 		notify_update(vc);
 	}
 }
 /*
  *	Allocation, freeing and resizing of VTs.
  */
 int vc_cons_allocated(unsigned int i)
 {
 	return (i < MAX_NR_CONSOLES && vc_cons[i].d);
 }
 static void visual_init(struct vc_data *vc, int num, int init)
 {
 	/* ++Geert: vc->vc_sw->con_init determines console size */
 	if (vc->vc_sw)
 		module_put(vc->vc_sw->owner);
 	vc->vc_sw = conswitchp;
 #ifndef VT_SINGLE_DRIVER
 	if (con_driver_map[num])
 		vc->vc_sw = con_driver_map[num];
 #endif
 	__module_get(vc->vc_sw->owner);
 	vc->vc_num = num;
 	vc->vc_display_fg = &master_display_fg;
 	vc->vc_uni_pagedir_loc = &vc->vc_uni_pagedir;
 	vc->vc_uni_pagedir = 0;
 	vc->vc_hi_font_mask = 0;
 	vc->vc_complement_mask = 0;
 	vc->vc_can_do_color = 0;
 	vc->vc_sw->con_init(vc, init);
 	if (!vc->vc_complement_mask)
 		vc->vc_complement_mask = vc->vc_can_do_color ? 0x7700 : 0x0800;
 	vc->vc_s_complement_mask = vc->vc_complement_mask;
 	vc->vc_size_row = vc->vc_cols << 1;
 	vc->vc_screenbuf_size = vc->vc_rows * vc->vc_size_row;
 }
 int vc_allocate(unsigned int currcons)	/* return 0 on success */
 {
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	if (currcons >= MAX_NR_CONSOLES)
 		return -ENXIO;
 	if (!vc_cons[currcons].d) {
 	    struct vc_data *vc;
 	    struct vt_notifier_param param;
 	    /* prevent users from taking too much memory */
 	    if (currcons >= MAX_NR_USER_CONSOLES && !capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE))
 	      return -EPERM;
 	    /* due to the granularity of kmalloc, we waste some memory here */
 	    /* the alloc is done in two steps, to optimize the common situation
 	       of a 25x80 console (structsize=216, screenbuf_size=4000) */
 	    /* although the numbers above are not valid since long ago, the
 	       point is still up-to-date and the comment still has its value
 	       even if only as a historical artifact.  --mj, July 1998 */
 	    param.vc = vc = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vc_data), GFP_KERNEL);
 	    if (!vc)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	    vc_cons[currcons].d = vc;
 	    INIT_WORK(&vc_cons[currcons].SAK_work, vc_SAK);
 	    visual_init(vc, currcons, 1);
 	    if (!*vc->vc_uni_pagedir_loc)
 		con_set_default_unimap(vc);
 	    vc->vc_screenbuf = kmalloc(vc->vc_screenbuf_size, GFP_KERNEL);
 	    if (!vc->vc_screenbuf) {
 		kfree(vc);
 		vc_cons[currcons].d = NULL;
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	    }
 	    /* If no drivers have overridden us and the user didn't pass a
 	       boot option, default to displaying the cursor */
 	    if (global_cursor_default == -1)
 		    global_cursor_default = 1;
 	    vc_init(vc, vc->vc_rows, vc->vc_cols, 1);
 	    vcs_make_sysfs(currcons);
 	    atomic_notifier_call_chain(&vt_notifier_list, VT_ALLOCATE, &param);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 static inline int resize_screen(struct vc_data *vc, int width, int height,
 				int user)
 {
 	/* Resizes the resolution of the display adapater */
 	int err = 0;
 	if (vc->vc_mode != KD_GRAPHICS && vc->vc_sw->con_resize)
 		err = vc->vc_sw->con_resize(vc, width, height, user);
 	return err;
 }
 /*
  * Change # of rows and columns (0 means unchanged/the size of fg_console)
  * [this is to be used together with some user program
  * like resize that changes the hardware videomode]
  */
 #define VC_RESIZE_MAXCOL (32767)
 #define VC_RESIZE_MAXROW (32767)
 /**
  *	vc_do_resize	-	resizing method for the tty
  *	@tty: tty being resized
  *	@real_tty: real tty (different to tty if a pty/tty pair)
  *	@vc: virtual console private data
  *	@cols: columns
  *	@lines: lines
  *
  *	Resize a virtual console, clipping according to the actual constraints.
  *	If the caller passes a tty structure then update the termios winsize
  *	information and perform any neccessary signal handling.
  *
  *	Caller must hold the console semaphore. Takes the termios mutex and
  *	ctrl_lock of the tty IFF a tty is passed.
  */
 static int vc_do_resize(struct tty_struct *tty, struct vc_data *vc,
 				unsigned int cols, unsigned int lines)
 {
 	unsigned long old_origin, new_origin, new_scr_end, rlth, rrem, err = 0;
 	unsigned int old_cols, old_rows, old_row_size, old_screen_size;
 	unsigned int new_cols, new_rows, new_row_size, new_screen_size;
 	unsigned int end, user;
 	unsigned short *newscreen;
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	if (!vc)
 		return -ENXIO;
 	user = vc->vc_resize_user;
 	vc->vc_resize_user = 0;
 	if (cols > VC_RESIZE_MAXCOL || lines > VC_RESIZE_MAXROW)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	new_cols = (cols ? cols : vc->vc_cols);
 	new_rows = (lines ? lines : vc->vc_rows);
 	new_row_size = new_cols << 1;
 	new_screen_size = new_row_size * new_rows;
 	if (new_cols == vc->vc_cols && new_rows == vc->vc_rows)
 		return 0;
 	newscreen = kmalloc(new_screen_size, GFP_USER);
 	if (!newscreen)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	old_rows = vc->vc_rows;
 	old_cols = vc->vc_cols;
 	old_row_size = vc->vc_size_row;
 	old_screen_size = vc->vc_screenbuf_size;
 	err = resize_screen(vc, new_cols, new_rows, user);
 	if (err) {
 		kfree(newscreen);
 		return err;
 	}
 	vc->vc_rows = new_rows;
 	vc->vc_cols = new_cols;
 	vc->vc_size_row = new_row_size;
 	vc->vc_screenbuf_size = new_screen_size;
 	rlth = min(old_row_size, new_row_size);
 	rrem = new_row_size - rlth;
 	old_origin = vc->vc_origin;
 	new_origin = (long) newscreen;
 	new_scr_end = new_origin + new_screen_size;
 	if (vc->vc_y > new_rows) {
 		if (old_rows - vc->vc_y < new_rows) {
 			/*
 			 * Cursor near the bottom, copy contents from the
 			 * bottom of buffer
 			 */
 			old_origin += (old_rows - new_rows) * old_row_size;
 			end = vc->vc_scr_end;
 		} else {
 			/*
 			 * Cursor is in no man's land, copy 1/2 screenful
 			 * from the top and bottom of cursor position
 			 */
 			old_origin += (vc->vc_y - new_rows/2) * old_row_size;
 			end = old_origin + (old_row_size * new_rows);
 		}
 	} else
 		/*
 		 * Cursor near the top, copy contents from the top of buffer
 		 */
 		end = (old_rows > new_rows) ? old_origin +
 			(old_row_size * new_rows) :
 			vc->vc_scr_end;
 	update_attr(vc);
 	while (old_origin < end) {
 		scr_memcpyw((unsigned short *) new_origin,
 			    (unsigned short *) old_origin, rlth);
 		if (rrem)
 			scr_memsetw((void *)(new_origin + rlth),
 				    vc->vc_video_erase_char, rrem);
 		old_origin += old_row_size;
 		new_origin += new_row_size;
 	}
 	if (new_scr_end > new_origin)
 		scr_memsetw((void *)new_origin, vc->vc_video_erase_char,
 			    new_scr_end - new_origin);
 	kfree(vc->vc_screenbuf);
 	vc->vc_screenbuf = newscreen;
 	vc->vc_screenbuf_size = new_screen_size;
 	set_origin(vc);
 	/* do part of a reset_terminal() */
 	vc->vc_top = 0;
 	vc->vc_bottom = vc->vc_rows;
 	gotoxy(vc, vc->vc_x, vc->vc_y);
 	save_cur(vc);
 	if (tty) {
 		/* Rewrite the requested winsize data with the actual
 		   resulting sizes */
 		struct winsize ws;
 		memset(&ws, 0, sizeof(ws));
 		ws.ws_row = vc->vc_rows;
 		ws.ws_col = vc->vc_cols;
 		ws.ws_ypixel = vc->vc_scan_lines;
 		tty_do_resize(tty, &ws);
 	}
 	if (CON_IS_VISIBLE(vc))
 		update_screen(vc);
 	vt_event_post(VT_EVENT_RESIZE, vc->vc_num, vc->vc_num);
 	return err;
 }
 /**
  *	vc_resize		-	resize a VT
  *	@vc: virtual console
  *	@cols: columns
  *	@rows: rows
  *
  *	Resize a virtual console as seen from the console end of things. We
  *	use the common vc_do_resize methods to update the structures. The
  *	caller must hold the console sem to protect console internals and
  *	vc->vc_tty
  */
 int vc_resize(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int cols, unsigned int rows)
 {
 	return vc_do_resize(vc->vc_tty, vc, cols, rows);
 }
 /**
  *	vt_resize		-	resize a VT
  *	@tty: tty to resize
  *	@ws: winsize attributes
  *
  *	Resize a virtual terminal. This is called by the tty layer as we
  *	register our own handler for resizing. The mutual helper does all
  *	the actual work.
  *
  *	Takes the console sem and the called methods then take the tty
  *	termios_mutex and the tty ctrl_lock in that order.
  */
 static int vt_resize(struct tty_struct *tty, struct winsize *ws)
 {
 	struct vc_data *vc = tty->driver_data;
 	int ret;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	ret = vc_do_resize(tty, vc, ws->ws_col, ws->ws_row);
 	release_console_sem();
 	return ret;
 }
 void vc_deallocate(unsigned int currcons)
 {
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	if (vc_cons_allocated(currcons)) {
 		struct vc_data *vc = vc_cons[currcons].d;
 		struct vt_notifier_param param = { .vc = vc };
 		atomic_notifier_call_chain(&vt_notifier_list, VT_DEALLOCATE, &param);
 		vcs_remove_sysfs(currcons);
 		vc->vc_sw->con_deinit(vc);
 		put_pid(vc->vt_pid);
 		module_put(vc->vc_sw->owner);
 		kfree(vc->vc_screenbuf);
 		if (currcons >= MIN_NR_CONSOLES)
 			kfree(vc);
 		vc_cons[currcons].d = NULL;
 	}
 }
 /*
  *	VT102 emulator
  */
 #define set_kbd(vc, x)	set_vc_kbd_mode(kbd_table + (vc)->vc_num, (x))
 #define clr_kbd(vc, x)	clr_vc_kbd_mode(kbd_table + (vc)->vc_num, (x))
 #define is_kbd(vc, x)	vc_kbd_mode(kbd_table + (vc)->vc_num, (x))
 #define decarm		VC_REPEAT
 #define decckm		VC_CKMODE
 #define kbdapplic	VC_APPLIC
 #define lnm		VC_CRLF
 /*
  * this is what the terminal answers to a ESC-Z or csi0c query.
  */
 #define VT100ID "\033[?1;2c"
 #define VT102ID "\033[?6c"
 unsigned char color_table[] = { 0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7,
 				       8,12,10,14, 9,13,11,15 };
 /* the default colour table, for VGA+ colour systems */
 int default_red[] = {0x00,0xaa,0x00,0xaa,0x00,0xaa,0x00,0xaa,
     0x55,0xff,0x55,0xff,0x55,0xff,0x55,0xff};
 int default_grn[] = {0x00,0x00,0xaa,0x55,0x00,0x00,0xaa,0xaa,
     0x55,0x55,0xff,0xff,0x55,0x55,0xff,0xff};
 int default_blu[] = {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,
     0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff};
 module_param_array(default_red, int, NULL, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 module_param_array(default_grn, int, NULL, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 module_param_array(default_blu, int, NULL, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 /*
  * gotoxy() must verify all boundaries, because the arguments
  * might also be negative. If the given position is out of
  * bounds, the cursor is placed at the nearest margin.
  */
 static void gotoxy(struct vc_data *vc, int new_x, int new_y)
 {
 	int min_y, max_y;
 	if (new_x < 0)
 		vc->vc_x = 0;
 	else {
 		if (new_x >= vc->vc_cols)
 			vc->vc_x = vc->vc_cols - 1;
 		else
 			vc->vc_x = new_x;
 	}
  	if (vc->vc_decom) {
 		min_y = vc->vc_top;
 		max_y = vc->vc_bottom;
 	} else {
 		min_y = 0;
 		max_y = vc->vc_rows;
 	}
 	if (new_y < min_y)
 		vc->vc_y = min_y;
 	else if (new_y >= max_y)
 		vc->vc_y = max_y - 1;
 	else
 		vc->vc_y = new_y;
 	vc->vc_pos = vc->vc_origin + vc->vc_y * vc->vc_size_row + (vc->vc_x<<1);
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 }
 /* for absolute user moves, when decom is set */
 static void gotoxay(struct vc_data *vc, int new_x, int new_y)
 {
 	gotoxy(vc, new_x, vc->vc_decom ? (vc->vc_top + new_y) : new_y);
 }
 void scrollback(struct vc_data *vc, int lines)
 {
 	if (!lines)
 		lines = vc->vc_rows / 2;
 	scrolldelta(-lines);
 }
 void scrollfront(struct vc_data *vc, int lines)
 {
 	if (!lines)
 		lines = vc->vc_rows / 2;
 	scrolldelta(lines);
 }
 static void lf(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
     	/* don't scroll if above bottom of scrolling region, or
 	 * if below scrolling region
 	 */
     	if (vc->vc_y + 1 == vc->vc_bottom)
 		scrup(vc, vc->vc_top, vc->vc_bottom, 1);
 	else if (vc->vc_y < vc->vc_rows - 1) {
 	    	vc->vc_y++;
 		vc->vc_pos += vc->vc_size_row;
 	}
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 	notify_write(vc, '\n');
 }
 static void ri(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
     	/* don't scroll if below top of scrolling region, or
 	 * if above scrolling region
 	 */
 	if (vc->vc_y == vc->vc_top)
 		scrdown(vc, vc->vc_top, vc->vc_bottom, 1);
 	else if (vc->vc_y > 0) {
 		vc->vc_y--;
 		vc->vc_pos -= vc->vc_size_row;
 	}
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 }
 static inline void cr(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	vc->vc_pos -= vc->vc_x << 1;
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = vc->vc_x = 0;
 	notify_write(vc, '\r');
 }
 static inline void bs(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	if (vc->vc_x) {
 		vc->vc_pos -= 2;
 		vc->vc_x--;
 		vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 		notify_write(vc, '\b');
 	}
 }
 static inline void del(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	/* ignored */
 }
 static void csi_J(struct vc_data *vc, int vpar)
 {
 	unsigned int count;
 	unsigned short * start;
 	switch (vpar) {
 		case 0:	/* erase from cursor to end of display */
 			count = (vc->vc_scr_end - vc->vc_pos) >> 1;
 			start = (unsigned short *)vc->vc_pos;
 			if (DO_UPDATE(vc)) {
 				/* do in two stages */
 				vc->vc_sw->con_clear(vc, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x, 1,
 					      vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x);
 				vc->vc_sw->con_clear(vc, vc->vc_y + 1, 0,
 					      vc->vc_rows - vc->vc_y - 1,
 					      vc->vc_cols);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 1:	/* erase from start to cursor */
 			count = ((vc->vc_pos - vc->vc_origin) >> 1) + 1;
 			start = (unsigned short *)vc->vc_origin;
 			if (DO_UPDATE(vc)) {
 				/* do in two stages */
 				vc->vc_sw->con_clear(vc, 0, 0, vc->vc_y,
 					      vc->vc_cols);
 				vc->vc_sw->con_clear(vc, vc->vc_y, 0, 1,
 					      vc->vc_x + 1);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 2: /* erase whole display */
 			count = vc->vc_cols * vc->vc_rows;
 			start = (unsigned short *)vc->vc_origin;
 			if (DO_UPDATE(vc))
 				vc->vc_sw->con_clear(vc, 0, 0,
 					      vc->vc_rows,
 					      vc->vc_cols);
 			break;
 		default:
 			return;
 	}
 	scr_memsetw(start, vc->vc_video_erase_char, 2 * count);
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 }
 static void csi_K(struct vc_data *vc, int vpar)
 {
 	unsigned int count;
 	unsigned short * start;
 	switch (vpar) {
 		case 0:	/* erase from cursor to end of line */
 			count = vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x;
 			start = (unsigned short *)vc->vc_pos;
 			if (DO_UPDATE(vc))
 				vc->vc_sw->con_clear(vc, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x, 1,
 						     vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x);
 			break;
 		case 1:	/* erase from start of line to cursor */
 			start = (unsigned short *)(vc->vc_pos - (vc->vc_x << 1));
 			count = vc->vc_x + 1;
 			if (DO_UPDATE(vc))
 				vc->vc_sw->con_clear(vc, vc->vc_y, 0, 1,
 						     vc->vc_x + 1);
 			break;
 		case 2: /* erase whole line */
 			start = (unsigned short *)(vc->vc_pos - (vc->vc_x << 1));
 			count = vc->vc_cols;
 			if (DO_UPDATE(vc))
 				vc->vc_sw->con_clear(vc, vc->vc_y, 0, 1,
 					      vc->vc_cols);
 			break;
 		default:
 			return;
 	}
 	scr_memsetw(start, vc->vc_video_erase_char, 2 * count);
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 }
 static void csi_X(struct vc_data *vc, int vpar) /* erase the following vpar positions */
 {					  /* not vt100? */
 	int count;
 	if (!vpar)
 		vpar++;
 	count = (vpar > vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x) ? (vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x) : vpar;
 	scr_memsetw((unsigned short *)vc->vc_pos, vc->vc_video_erase_char, 2 * count);
 	if (DO_UPDATE(vc))
 		vc->vc_sw->con_clear(vc, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x, 1, count);
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 }
 static void default_attr(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	vc->vc_intensity = 1;
 	vc->vc_italic = 0;
 	vc->vc_underline = 0;
 	vc->vc_reverse = 0;
 	vc->vc_blink = 0;
 	vc->vc_color = vc->vc_def_color;
 }
 /* console_sem is held */
 static void csi_m(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i <= vc->vc_npar; i++)
 		switch (vc->vc_par[i]) {
 			case 0:	/* all attributes off */
 				default_attr(vc);
 				break;
 			case 1:
 				vc->vc_intensity = 2;
 				break;
 			case 2:
 				vc->vc_intensity = 0;
 				break;
 			case 3:
 				vc->vc_italic = 1;
 				break;
 			case 4:
 				vc->vc_underline = 1;
 				break;
 			case 5:
 				vc->vc_blink = 1;
 				break;
 			case 7:
 				vc->vc_reverse = 1;
 				break;
 			case 10: /* ANSI X3.64-1979 (SCO-ish?)
 				  * Select primary font, don't display
 				  * control chars if defined, don't set
 				  * bit 8 on output.
 				  */
 				vc->vc_translate = set_translate(vc->vc_charset == 0
 						? vc->vc_G0_charset
 						: vc->vc_G1_charset, vc);
 				vc->vc_disp_ctrl = 0;
 				vc->vc_toggle_meta = 0;
 				break;
 			case 11: /* ANSI X3.64-1979 (SCO-ish?)
 				  * Select first alternate font, lets
 				  * chars < 32 be displayed as ROM chars.
 				  */
 				vc->vc_translate = set_translate(IBMPC_MAP, vc);
 				vc->vc_disp_ctrl = 1;
 				vc->vc_toggle_meta = 0;
 				break;
 			case 12: /* ANSI X3.64-1979 (SCO-ish?)
 				  * Select second alternate font, toggle
 				  * high bit before displaying as ROM char.
 				  */
 				vc->vc_translate = set_translate(IBMPC_MAP, vc);
 				vc->vc_disp_ctrl = 1;
 				vc->vc_toggle_meta = 1;
 				break;
 			case 21:
 			case 22:
 				vc->vc_intensity = 1;
 				break;
 			case 23:
 				vc->vc_italic = 0;
 				break;
 			case 24:
 				vc->vc_underline = 0;
 				break;
 			case 25:
 				vc->vc_blink = 0;
 				break;
 			case 27:
 				vc->vc_reverse = 0;
 				break;
 			case 38: /* ANSI X3.64-1979 (SCO-ish?)
 				  * Enables underscore, white foreground
 				  * with white underscore (Linux - use
 				  * default foreground).
 				  */
 				vc->vc_color = (vc->vc_def_color & 0x0f) | (vc->vc_color & 0xf0);
 				vc->vc_underline = 1;
 				break;
 			case 39: /* ANSI X3.64-1979 (SCO-ish?)
 				  * Disable underline option.
 				  * Reset colour to default? It did this
 				  * before...
 				  */
 				vc->vc_color = (vc->vc_def_color & 0x0f) | (vc->vc_color & 0xf0);
 				vc->vc_underline = 0;
 				break;
 			case 49:
 				vc->vc_color = (vc->vc_def_color & 0xf0) | (vc->vc_color & 0x0f);
 				break;
 			default:
 				if (vc->vc_par[i] >= 30 && vc->vc_par[i] <= 37)
 					vc->vc_color = color_table[vc->vc_par[i] - 30]
 						| (vc->vc_color & 0xf0);
 				else if (vc->vc_par[i] >= 40 && vc->vc_par[i] <= 47)
 					vc->vc_color = (color_table[vc->vc_par[i] - 40] << 4)
 						| (vc->vc_color & 0x0f);
 				break;
 		}
 	update_attr(vc);
 }
 static void respond_string(const char *p, struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	while (*p) {
 		tty_insert_flip_char(tty, *p, 0);
 		p++;
 	}
 	con_schedule_flip(tty);
 }
 static void cursor_report(struct vc_data *vc, struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	char buf[40];
 	sprintf(buf, "\033[%d;%dR", vc->vc_y + (vc->vc_decom ? vc->vc_top + 1 : 1), vc->vc_x + 1);
 	respond_string(buf, tty);
 }
 static inline void status_report(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	respond_string("\033[0n", tty);	/* Terminal ok */
 }
 static inline void respond_ID(struct tty_struct * tty)
 {
 	respond_string(VT102ID, tty);
 }
 void mouse_report(struct tty_struct *tty, int butt, int mrx, int mry)
 {
 	char buf[8];
 	sprintf(buf, "\033[M%c%c%c", (char)(' ' + butt), (char)('!' + mrx),
 		(char)('!' + mry));
 	respond_string(buf, tty);
 }
 /* invoked via ioctl(TIOCLINUX) and through set_selection */
 int mouse_reporting(void)
 {
 	return vc_cons[fg_console].d->vc_report_mouse;
 }
 /* console_sem is held */
 static void set_mode(struct vc_data *vc, int on_off)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i <= vc->vc_npar; i++)
 		if (vc->vc_ques) {
 			switch(vc->vc_par[i]) {	/* DEC private modes set/reset */
 			case 1:			/* Cursor keys send ^[Ox/^[[x */
 				if (on_off)
 					set_kbd(vc, decckm);
 				else
 					clr_kbd(vc, decckm);
 				break;
 			case 3:	/* 80/132 mode switch unimplemented */
 				vc->vc_deccolm = on_off;
 #if 0
 				vc_resize(deccolm ? 132 : 80, vc->vc_rows);
 				/* this alone does not suffice; some user mode
 				   utility has to change the hardware regs */
 #endif
 				break;
 			case 5:			/* Inverted screen on/off */
 				if (vc->vc_decscnm != on_off) {
 					vc->vc_decscnm = on_off;
 					invert_screen(vc, 0, vc->vc_screenbuf_size, 0);
 					update_attr(vc);
 				}
 				break;
 			case 6:			/* Origin relative/absolute */
 				vc->vc_decom = on_off;
 				gotoxay(vc, 0, 0);
 				break;
 			case 7:			/* Autowrap on/off */
 				vc->vc_decawm = on_off;
 				break;
 			case 8:			/* Autorepeat on/off */
 				if (on_off)
 					set_kbd(vc, decarm);
 				else
 					clr_kbd(vc, decarm);
 				break;
 			case 9:
 				vc->vc_report_mouse = on_off ? 1 : 0;
 				break;
 			case 25:		/* Cursor on/off */
 				vc->vc_deccm = on_off;
 				break;
 			case 1000:
 				vc->vc_report_mouse = on_off ? 2 : 0;
 				break;
 			}
 		} else {
 			switch(vc->vc_par[i]) {	/* ANSI modes set/reset */
 			case 3:			/* Monitor (display ctrls) */
 				vc->vc_disp_ctrl = on_off;
 				break;
 			case 4:			/* Insert Mode on/off */
 				vc->vc_decim = on_off;
 				break;
 			case 20:		/* Lf, Enter == CrLf/Lf */
 				if (on_off)
 					set_kbd(vc, lnm);
 				else
 					clr_kbd(vc, lnm);
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 }
 /* console_sem is held */
 static void setterm_command(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	switch(vc->vc_par[0]) {
 		case 1:	/* set color for underline mode */
 			if (vc->vc_can_do_color &&
 					vc->vc_par[1] < 16) {
 				vc->vc_ulcolor = color_table[vc->vc_par[1]];
 				if (vc->vc_underline)
 					update_attr(vc);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 2:	/* set color for half intensity mode */
 			if (vc->vc_can_do_color &&
 					vc->vc_par[1] < 16) {
 				vc->vc_halfcolor = color_table[vc->vc_par[1]];
 				if (vc->vc_intensity == 0)
 					update_attr(vc);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 8:	/* store colors as defaults */
 			vc->vc_def_color = vc->vc_attr;
 			if (vc->vc_hi_font_mask == 0x100)
 				vc->vc_def_color >>= 1;
 			default_attr(vc);
 			update_attr(vc);
 			break;
 		case 9:	/* set blanking interval */
 			blankinterval = ((vc->vc_par[1] < 60) ? vc->vc_par[1] : 60) * 60;
 			poke_blanked_console();
 			break;
 		case 10: /* set bell frequency in Hz */
 			if (vc->vc_npar >= 1)
 				vc->vc_bell_pitch = vc->vc_par[1];
 			else
 				vc->vc_bell_pitch = DEFAULT_BELL_PITCH;
 			break;
 		case 11: /* set bell duration in msec */
 			if (vc->vc_npar >= 1)
 				vc->vc_bell_duration = (vc->vc_par[1] < 2000) ?
 					vc->vc_par[1] * HZ / 1000 : 0;
 			else
 				vc->vc_bell_duration = DEFAULT_BELL_DURATION;
 			break;
 		case 12: /* bring specified console to the front */
 			if (vc->vc_par[1] >= 1 && vc_cons_allocated(vc->vc_par[1] - 1))
 				set_console(vc->vc_par[1] - 1);
 			break;
 		case 13: /* unblank the screen */
 			poke_blanked_console();
 			break;
 		case 14: /* set vesa powerdown interval */
 			vesa_off_interval = ((vc->vc_par[1] < 60) ? vc->vc_par[1] : 60) * 60 * HZ;
 			break;
 		case 15: /* activate the previous console */
 			set_console(last_console);
 			break;
 	}
 }
 /* console_sem is held */
 static void csi_at(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int nr)
 {
 	if (nr > vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x)
 		nr = vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x;
 	else if (!nr)
 		nr = 1;
 	insert_char(vc, nr);
 }
 /* console_sem is held */
 static void csi_L(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int nr)
 {
 	if (nr > vc->vc_rows - vc->vc_y)
 		nr = vc->vc_rows - vc->vc_y;
 	else if (!nr)
 		nr = 1;
 	scrdown(vc, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_bottom, nr);
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 }
 /* console_sem is held */
 static void csi_P(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int nr)
 {
 	if (nr > vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x)
 		nr = vc->vc_cols - vc->vc_x;
 	else if (!nr)
 		nr = 1;
 	delete_char(vc, nr);
 }
 /* console_sem is held */
 static void csi_M(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int nr)
 {
 	if (nr > vc->vc_rows - vc->vc_y)
 		nr = vc->vc_rows - vc->vc_y;
 	else if (!nr)
 		nr=1;
 	scrup(vc, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_bottom, nr);
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 }
 /* console_sem is held (except via vc_init->reset_terminal */
 static void save_cur(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	vc->vc_saved_x		= vc->vc_x;
 	vc->vc_saved_y		= vc->vc_y;
 	vc->vc_s_intensity	= vc->vc_intensity;
 	vc->vc_s_italic         = vc->vc_italic;
 	vc->vc_s_underline	= vc->vc_underline;
 	vc->vc_s_blink		= vc->vc_blink;
 	vc->vc_s_reverse	= vc->vc_reverse;
 	vc->vc_s_charset	= vc->vc_charset;
 	vc->vc_s_color		= vc->vc_color;
 	vc->vc_saved_G0		= vc->vc_G0_charset;
 	vc->vc_saved_G1		= vc->vc_G1_charset;
 }
 /* console_sem is held */
 static void restore_cur(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	gotoxy(vc, vc->vc_saved_x, vc->vc_saved_y);
 	vc->vc_intensity	= vc->vc_s_intensity;
 	vc->vc_italic		= vc->vc_s_italic;
 	vc->vc_underline	= vc->vc_s_underline;
 	vc->vc_blink		= vc->vc_s_blink;
 	vc->vc_reverse		= vc->vc_s_reverse;
 	vc->vc_charset		= vc->vc_s_charset;
 	vc->vc_color		= vc->vc_s_color;
 	vc->vc_G0_charset	= vc->vc_saved_G0;
 	vc->vc_G1_charset	= vc->vc_saved_G1;
 	vc->vc_translate	= set_translate(vc->vc_charset ? vc->vc_G1_charset : vc->vc_G0_charset, vc);
 	update_attr(vc);
 	vc->vc_need_wrap = 0;
 }
 enum { ESnormal, ESesc, ESsquare, ESgetpars, ESgotpars, ESfunckey,
 	EShash, ESsetG0, ESsetG1, ESpercent, ESignore, ESnonstd,
 	ESpalette };
 /* console_sem is held (except via vc_init()) */
 static void reset_terminal(struct vc_data *vc, int do_clear)
 {
 	vc->vc_top		= 0;
 	vc->vc_bottom		= vc->vc_rows;
 	vc->vc_state		= ESnormal;
 	vc->vc_ques		= 0;
 	vc->vc_translate	= set_translate(LAT1_MAP, vc);
 	vc->vc_G0_charset	= LAT1_MAP;
 	vc->vc_G1_charset	= GRAF_MAP;
 	vc->vc_charset		= 0;
 	vc->vc_need_wrap	= 0;
 	vc->vc_report_mouse	= 0;
 	vc->vc_utf              = default_utf8;
 	vc->vc_utf_count	= 0;
 	vc->vc_disp_ctrl	= 0;
 	vc->vc_toggle_meta	= 0;
 	vc->vc_decscnm		= 0;
 	vc->vc_decom		= 0;
 	vc->vc_decawm		= 1;
 	vc->vc_deccm		= global_cursor_default;
 	vc->vc_decim		= 0;
 	set_kbd(vc, decarm);
 	clr_kbd(vc, decckm);
 	clr_kbd(vc, kbdapplic);
 	clr_kbd(vc, lnm);
 	kbd_table[vc->vc_num].lockstate = 0;
 	kbd_table[vc->vc_num].slockstate = 0;
 	kbd_table[vc->vc_num].ledmode = LED_SHOW_FLAGS;
 	kbd_table[vc->vc_num].ledflagstate = kbd_table[vc->vc_num].default_ledflagstate;
 	/* do not do set_leds here because this causes an endless tasklet loop
 	   when the keyboard hasn't been initialized yet */
-	vc->vc_cursor_type = CUR_DEFAULT;
+	vc->vc_cursor_type = cur_default;
 	vc->vc_complement_mask = vc->vc_s_complement_mask;
 	default_attr(vc);
 	update_attr(vc);
 	vc->vc_tab_stop[0]	= 0x01010100;
 	vc->vc_tab_stop[1]	=
 	vc->vc_tab_stop[2]	=
 	vc->vc_tab_stop[3]	=
 	vc->vc_tab_stop[4]	=
 	vc->vc_tab_stop[5]	=
 	vc->vc_tab_stop[6]	=
 	vc->vc_tab_stop[7]	= 0x01010101;
 	vc->vc_bell_pitch = DEFAULT_BELL_PITCH;
 	vc->vc_bell_duration = DEFAULT_BELL_DURATION;
 	gotoxy(vc, 0, 0);
 	save_cur(vc);
 	if (do_clear)
 	    csi_J(vc, 2);
 }
 /* console_sem is held */
 static void do_con_trol(struct tty_struct *tty, struct vc_data *vc, int c)
 {
 	/*
 	 *  Control characters can be used in the _middle_
 	 *  of an escape sequence.
 	 */
 	switch (c) {
 	case 0:
 		return;
 	case 7:
 		if (vc->vc_bell_duration)
 			kd_mksound(vc->vc_bell_pitch, vc->vc_bell_duration);
 		return;
 	case 8:
 		bs(vc);
 		return;
 	case 9:
 		vc->vc_pos -= (vc->vc_x << 1);
 		while (vc->vc_x < vc->vc_cols - 1) {
 			vc->vc_x++;
 			if (vc->vc_tab_stop[vc->vc_x >> 5] & (1 << (vc->vc_x & 31)))
 				break;
 		}
 		vc->vc_pos += (vc->vc_x << 1);
 		notify_write(vc, '\t');
 		return;
 	case 10: case 11: case 12:
 		lf(vc);
 		if (!is_kbd(vc, lnm))
 			return;
 	case 13:
 		cr(vc);
 		return;
 	case 14:
 		vc->vc_charset = 1;
 		vc->vc_translate = set_translate(vc->vc_G1_charset, vc);
 		vc->vc_disp_ctrl = 1;
 		return;
 	case 15:
 		vc->vc_charset = 0;
 		vc->vc_translate = set_translate(vc->vc_G0_charset, vc);
 		vc->vc_disp_ctrl = 0;
 		return;
 	case 24: case 26:
 		vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		return;
 	case 27:
 		vc->vc_state = ESesc;
 		return;
 	case 127:
 		del(vc);
 		return;
 	case 128+27:
 		vc->vc_state = ESsquare;
 		return;
 	}
 	switch(vc->vc_state) {
 	case ESesc:
 		vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		switch (c) {
 		case '[':
 			vc->vc_state = ESsquare;
 			return;
 		case ']':
 			vc->vc_state = ESnonstd;
 			return;
 		case '%':
 			vc->vc_state = ESpercent;
 			return;
 		case 'E':
 			cr(vc);
 			lf(vc);
 			return;
 		case 'M':
 			ri(vc);
 			return;
 		case 'D':
 			lf(vc);
 			return;
 		case 'H':
 			vc->vc_tab_stop[vc->vc_x >> 5] |= (1 << (vc->vc_x & 31));
 			return;
 		case 'Z':
 			respond_ID(tty);
 			return;
 		case '7':
 			save_cur(vc);
 			return;
 		case '8':
 			restore_cur(vc);
 			return;
 		case '(':
 			vc->vc_state = ESsetG0;
 			return;
 		case ')':
 			vc->vc_state = ESsetG1;
 			return;
 		case '#':
 			vc->vc_state = EShash;
 			return;
 		case 'c':
 			reset_terminal(vc, 1);
 			return;
 		case '>':  /* Numeric keypad */
 			clr_kbd(vc, kbdapplic);
 			return;
 		case '=':  /* Appl. keypad */
 			set_kbd(vc, kbdapplic);
 			return;
 		}
 		return;
 	case ESnonstd:
 		if (c=='P') {   /* palette escape sequence */
 			for (vc->vc_npar = 0; vc->vc_npar < NPAR; vc->vc_npar++)
 				vc->vc_par[vc->vc_npar] = 0;
 			vc->vc_npar = 0;
 			vc->vc_state = ESpalette;
 			return;
 		} else if (c=='R') {   /* reset palette */
 			reset_palette(vc);
 			vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		} else
 			vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		return;
 	case ESpalette:
 		if ( (c>='0'&&c<='9') || (c>='A'&&c<='F') || (c>='a'&&c<='f') ) {
 			vc->vc_par[vc->vc_npar++] = (c > '9' ? (c & 0xDF) - 'A' + 10 : c - '0');
 			if (vc->vc_npar == 7) {
 				int i = vc->vc_par[0] * 3, j = 1;
 				vc->vc_palette[i] = 16 * vc->vc_par[j++];
 				vc->vc_palette[i++] += vc->vc_par[j++];
 				vc->vc_palette[i] = 16 * vc->vc_par[j++];
 				vc->vc_palette[i++] += vc->vc_par[j++];
 				vc->vc_palette[i] = 16 * vc->vc_par[j++];
 				vc->vc_palette[i] += vc->vc_par[j];
 				set_palette(vc);
 				vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 			}
 		} else
 			vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		return;
 	case ESsquare:
 		for (vc->vc_npar = 0; vc->vc_npar < NPAR; vc->vc_npar++)
 			vc->vc_par[vc->vc_npar] = 0;
 		vc->vc_npar = 0;
 		vc->vc_state = ESgetpars;
 		if (c == '[') { /* Function key */
 			vc->vc_state=ESfunckey;
 			return;
 		}
 		vc->vc_ques = (c == '?');
 		if (vc->vc_ques)
 			return;
 	case ESgetpars:
 		if (c == ';' && vc->vc_npar < NPAR - 1) {
 			vc->vc_npar++;
 			return;
 		} else if (c>='0' && c<='9') {
 			vc->vc_par[vc->vc_npar] *= 10;
 			vc->vc_par[vc->vc_npar] += c - '0';
 			return;
 		} else
 			vc->vc_state = ESgotpars;
 	case ESgotpars:
 		vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		switch(c) {
 		case 'h':
 			set_mode(vc, 1);
 			return;
 		case 'l':
 			set_mode(vc, 0);
 			return;
 		case 'c':
 			if (vc->vc_ques) {
 				if (vc->vc_par[0])
 					vc->vc_cursor_type = vc->vc_par[0] | (vc->vc_par[1] << 8) | (vc->vc_par[2] << 16);
 				else
-					vc->vc_cursor_type = CUR_DEFAULT;
+					vc->vc_cursor_type = cur_default;
 				return;
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'm':
 			if (vc->vc_ques) {
 				clear_selection();
 				if (vc->vc_par[0])
 					vc->vc_complement_mask = vc->vc_par[0] << 8 | vc->vc_par[1];
 				else
 					vc->vc_complement_mask = vc->vc_s_complement_mask;
 				return;
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'n':
 			if (!vc->vc_ques) {
 				if (vc->vc_par[0] == 5)
 					status_report(tty);
 				else if (vc->vc_par[0] == 6)
 					cursor_report(vc, tty);
 			}
 			return;
 		}
 		if (vc->vc_ques) {
 			vc->vc_ques = 0;
 			return;
 		}
 		switch(c) {
 		case 'G': case '`':
 			if (vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_par[0]--;
 			gotoxy(vc, vc->vc_par[0], vc->vc_y);
 			return;
 		case 'A':
 			if (!vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_par[0]++;
 			gotoxy(vc, vc->vc_x, vc->vc_y - vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'B': case 'e':
 			if (!vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_par[0]++;
 			gotoxy(vc, vc->vc_x, vc->vc_y + vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'C': case 'a':
 			if (!vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_par[0]++;
 			gotoxy(vc, vc->vc_x + vc->vc_par[0], vc->vc_y);
 			return;
 		case 'D':
 			if (!vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_par[0]++;
 			gotoxy(vc, vc->vc_x - vc->vc_par[0], vc->vc_y);
 			return;
 		case 'E':
 			if (!vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_par[0]++;
 			gotoxy(vc, 0, vc->vc_y + vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'F':
 			if (!vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_par[0]++;
 			gotoxy(vc, 0, vc->vc_y - vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'd':
 			if (vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_par[0]--;
 			gotoxay(vc, vc->vc_x ,vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'H': case 'f':
 			if (vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_par[0]--;
 			if (vc->vc_par[1])
 				vc->vc_par[1]--;
 			gotoxay(vc, vc->vc_par[1], vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'J':
 			csi_J(vc, vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'K':
 			csi_K(vc, vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'L':
 			csi_L(vc, vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'M':
 			csi_M(vc, vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'P':
 			csi_P(vc, vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case 'c':
 			if (!vc->vc_par[0])
 				respond_ID(tty);
 			return;
 		case 'g':
 			if (!vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_tab_stop[vc->vc_x >> 5] &= ~(1 << (vc->vc_x & 31));
 			else if (vc->vc_par[0] == 3) {
 				vc->vc_tab_stop[0] =
 					vc->vc_tab_stop[1] =
 					vc->vc_tab_stop[2] =
 					vc->vc_tab_stop[3] =
 					vc->vc_tab_stop[4] =
 					vc->vc_tab_stop[5] =
 					vc->vc_tab_stop[6] =
 					vc->vc_tab_stop[7] = 0;
 			}
 			return;
 		case 'm':
 			csi_m(vc);
 			return;
 		case 'q': /* DECLL - but only 3 leds */
 			/* map 0,1,2,3 to 0,1,2,4 */
 			if (vc->vc_par[0] < 4)
 				setledstate(kbd_table + vc->vc_num,
 					    (vc->vc_par[0] < 3) ? vc->vc_par[0] : 4);
 			return;
 		case 'r':
 			if (!vc->vc_par[0])
 				vc->vc_par[0]++;
 			if (!vc->vc_par[1])
 				vc->vc_par[1] = vc->vc_rows;
 			/* Minimum allowed region is 2 lines */
 			if (vc->vc_par[0] < vc->vc_par[1] &&
 			    vc->vc_par[1] <= vc->vc_rows) {
 				vc->vc_top = vc->vc_par[0] - 1;
 				vc->vc_bottom = vc->vc_par[1];
 				gotoxay(vc, 0, 0);
 			}
 			return;
 		case 's':
 			save_cur(vc);
 			return;
 		case 'u':
 			restore_cur(vc);
 			return;
 		case 'X':
 			csi_X(vc, vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case '@':
 			csi_at(vc, vc->vc_par[0]);
 			return;
 		case ']': /* setterm functions */
 			setterm_command(vc);
 			return;
 		}
 		return;
 	case ESpercent:
 		vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		switch (c) {
 		case '@':  /* defined in ISO 2022 */
 			vc->vc_utf = 0;
 			return;
 		case 'G':  /* prelim official escape code */
 		case '8':  /* retained for compatibility */
 			vc->vc_utf = 1;
 			return;
 		}
 		return;
 	case ESfunckey:
 		vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		return;
 	case EShash:
 		vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		if (c == '8') {
 			/* DEC screen alignment test. kludge :-) */
 			vc->vc_video_erase_char =
 				(vc->vc_video_erase_char & 0xff00) | 'E';
 			csi_J(vc, 2);
 			vc->vc_video_erase_char =
 				(vc->vc_video_erase_char & 0xff00) | ' ';
 			do_update_region(vc, vc->vc_origin, vc->vc_screenbuf_size / 2);
 		}
 		return;
 	case ESsetG0:
 		if (c == '0')
 			vc->vc_G0_charset = GRAF_MAP;
 		else if (c == 'B')
 			vc->vc_G0_charset = LAT1_MAP;
 		else if (c == 'U')
 			vc->vc_G0_charset = IBMPC_MAP;
 		else if (c == 'K')
 			vc->vc_G0_charset = USER_MAP;
 		if (vc->vc_charset == 0)
 			vc->vc_translate = set_translate(vc->vc_G0_charset, vc);
 		vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		return;
 	case ESsetG1:
 		if (c == '0')
 			vc->vc_G1_charset = GRAF_MAP;
 		else if (c == 'B')
 			vc->vc_G1_charset = LAT1_MAP;
 		else if (c == 'U')
 			vc->vc_G1_charset = IBMPC_MAP;
 		else if (c == 'K')
 			vc->vc_G1_charset = USER_MAP;
 		if (vc->vc_charset == 1)
 			vc->vc_translate = set_translate(vc->vc_G1_charset, vc);
 		vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 		return;
 	default:
 		vc->vc_state = ESnormal;
 	}
 }
 /* This is a temporary buffer used to prepare a tty console write
  * so that we can easily avoid touching user space while holding the
  * console spinlock.  It is allocated in con_init and is shared by
  * this code and the vc_screen read/write tty calls.
  *
  * We have to allocate this statically in the kernel data section
  * since console_init (and thus con_init) are called before any
  * kernel memory allocation is available.
  */
 char con_buf[CON_BUF_SIZE];
 DEFINE_MUTEX(con_buf_mtx);
 /* is_double_width() is based on the wcwidth() implementation by
  * Markus Kuhn -- 2007-05-26 (Unicode 5.0)
  * Latest version: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c
  */
 struct interval {
 	uint32_t first;
 	uint32_t last;
 };
 static int bisearch(uint32_t ucs, const struct interval *table, int max)
 {
 	int min = 0;
 	int mid;
 	if (ucs < table[0].first || ucs > table[max].last)
 		return 0;
 	while (max >= min) {
 		mid = (min + max) / 2;
 		if (ucs > table[mid].last)
 			min = mid + 1;
 		else if (ucs < table[mid].first)
 			max = mid - 1;
 		else
 			return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 static int is_double_width(uint32_t ucs)
 {
 	static const struct interval double_width[] = {
 		{ 0x1100, 0x115F }, { 0x2329, 0x232A }, { 0x2E80, 0x303E },
 		{ 0x3040, 0xA4CF }, { 0xAC00, 0xD7A3 }, { 0xF900, 0xFAFF },
 		{ 0xFE10, 0xFE19 }, { 0xFE30, 0xFE6F }, { 0xFF00, 0xFF60 },
 		{ 0xFFE0, 0xFFE6 }, { 0x20000, 0x2FFFD }, { 0x30000, 0x3FFFD }
 	};
 	return bisearch(ucs, double_width, ARRAY_SIZE(double_width) - 1);
 }
 /* acquires console_sem */
 static int do_con_write(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *buf, int count)
 {
 #ifdef VT_BUF_VRAM_ONLY
 #define FLUSH do { } while(0);
 #else
 #define FLUSH if (draw_x >= 0) { \
 	vc->vc_sw->con_putcs(vc, (u16 *)draw_from, (u16 *)draw_to - (u16 *)draw_from, vc->vc_y, draw_x); \
 	draw_x = -1; \
 	}
 #endif
 	int c, tc, ok, n = 0, draw_x = -1;
 	unsigned int currcons;
 	unsigned long draw_from = 0, draw_to = 0;
 	struct vc_data *vc;
 	unsigned char vc_attr;
 	struct vt_notifier_param param;
 	uint8_t rescan;
 	uint8_t inverse;
 	uint8_t width;
 	u16 himask, charmask;
 	const unsigned char *orig_buf = NULL;
 	int orig_count;
 	if (in_interrupt())
 		return count;
 	might_sleep();
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	vc = tty->driver_data;
 	if (vc == NULL) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "vt: argh, driver_data is NULL !\n");
 		release_console_sem();
 		return 0;
 	}
 	currcons = vc->vc_num;
 	if (!vc_cons_allocated(currcons)) {
 	    /* could this happen? */
 		printk_once("con_write: tty %d not allocated\n", currcons+1);
 	    release_console_sem();
 	    return 0;
 	}
 	orig_buf = buf;
 	orig_count = count;
 	himask = vc->vc_hi_font_mask;
 	charmask = himask ? 0x1ff : 0xff;
 	/* undraw cursor first */
 	if (IS_FG(vc))
 		hide_cursor(vc);
 	param.vc = vc;
 	while (!tty->stopped && count) {
 		int orig = *buf;
 		c = orig;
 		buf++;
 		n++;
 		count--;
 		rescan = 0;
 		inverse = 0;
 		width = 1;
 		/* Do no translation at all in control states */
 		if (vc->vc_state != ESnormal) {
 			tc = c;
 		} else if (vc->vc_utf && !vc->vc_disp_ctrl) {
 		    /* Combine UTF-8 into Unicode in vc_utf_char.
 		     * vc_utf_count is the number of continuation bytes still
 		     * expected to arrive.
 		     * vc_npar is the number of continuation bytes arrived so
 		     * far
 		     */
 rescan_last_byte:
 		    if ((c & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
 			/* Continuation byte received */
 			static const uint32_t utf8_length_changes[] = { 0x0000007f, 0x000007ff, 0x0000ffff, 0x001fffff, 0x03ffffff, 0x7fffffff };
 			if (vc->vc_utf_count) {
 			    vc->vc_utf_char = (vc->vc_utf_char << 6) | (c & 0x3f);
 			    vc->vc_npar++;
 			    if (--vc->vc_utf_count) {
 				/* Still need some bytes */
 				continue;
 			    }
 			    /* Got a whole character */
 			    c = vc->vc_utf_char;
 			    /* Reject overlong sequences */
 			    if (c <= utf8_length_changes[vc->vc_npar - 1] ||
 					c > utf8_length_changes[vc->vc_npar])
 				c = 0xfffd;
 			} else {
 			    /* Unexpected continuation byte */
 			    vc->vc_utf_count = 0;
 			    c = 0xfffd;
 			}
 		    } else {
 			/* Single ASCII byte or first byte of a sequence received */
 			if (vc->vc_utf_count) {
 			    /* Continuation byte expected */
 			    rescan = 1;
 			    vc->vc_utf_count = 0;
 			    c = 0xfffd;
 			} else if (c > 0x7f) {
 			    /* First byte of a multibyte sequence received */
 			    vc->vc_npar = 0;
 			    if ((c & 0xe0) == 0xc0) {
 				vc->vc_utf_count = 1;
 				vc->vc_utf_char = (c & 0x1f);
 			    } else if ((c & 0xf0) == 0xe0) {
 				vc->vc_utf_count = 2;
 				vc->vc_utf_char = (c & 0x0f);
 			    } else if ((c & 0xf8) == 0xf0) {
 				vc->vc_utf_count = 3;
 				vc->vc_utf_char = (c & 0x07);
 			    } else if ((c & 0xfc) == 0xf8) {
 				vc->vc_utf_count = 4;
 				vc->vc_utf_char = (c & 0x03);
 			    } else if ((c & 0xfe) == 0xfc) {
 				vc->vc_utf_count = 5;
 				vc->vc_utf_char = (c & 0x01);
 			    } else {
 				/* 254 and 255 are invalid */
 				c = 0xfffd;
 			    }
 			    if (vc->vc_utf_count) {
 				/* Still need some bytes */
 				continue;
 			    }
 			}
 			/* Nothing to do if an ASCII byte was received */
 		    }
 		    /* End of UTF-8 decoding. */
 		    /* c is the received character, or U+FFFD for invalid sequences. */
 		    /* Replace invalid Unicode code points with U+FFFD too */
 		    if ((c >= 0xd800 && c <= 0xdfff) || c == 0xfffe || c == 0xffff)
 			c = 0xfffd;
 		    tc = c;
 		} else {	/* no utf or alternate charset mode */
 		    tc = vc_translate(vc, c);
 		}
 		param.c = tc;
 		if (atomic_notifier_call_chain(&vt_notifier_list, VT_PREWRITE,
 					&param) == NOTIFY_STOP)
 			continue;
                 /* If the original code was a control character we
                  * only allow a glyph to be displayed if the code is
                  * not normally used (such as for cursor movement) or
                  * if the disp_ctrl mode has been explicitly enabled.
                  * Certain characters (as given by the CTRL_ALWAYS
                  * bitmap) are always displayed as control characters,
                  * as the console would be pretty useless without
                  * them; to display an arbitrary font position use the
                  * direct-to-font zone in UTF-8 mode.
                  */
                 ok = tc && (c >= 32 ||
 			    !(vc->vc_disp_ctrl ? (CTRL_ALWAYS >> c) & 1 :
 				  vc->vc_utf || ((CTRL_ACTION >> c) & 1)))
 			&& (c != 127 || vc->vc_disp_ctrl)
 			&& (c != 128+27);
 		if (vc->vc_state == ESnormal && ok) {
 			if (vc->vc_utf && !vc->vc_disp_ctrl) {
 				if (is_double_width(c))
 					width = 2;
 			}
 			/* Now try to find out how to display it */
 			tc = conv_uni_to_pc(vc, tc);
 			if (tc & ~charmask) {
 				if (tc == -1 || tc == -2) {
 				    continue; /* nothing to display */
 				}
 				/* Glyph not found */
 				if ((!(vc->vc_utf && !vc->vc_disp_ctrl) || c < 128) && !(c & ~charmask)) {
 				    /* In legacy mode use the glyph we get by a 1:1 mapping.
 				       This would make absolutely no sense with Unicode in mind,
 				       but do this for ASCII characters since a font may lack
 				       Unicode mapping info and we don't want to end up with
 				       having question marks only. */
 				    tc = c;
 				} else {
 				    /* Display U+FFFD. If it's not found, display an inverse question mark. */
 				    tc = conv_uni_to_pc(vc, 0xfffd);
 				    if (tc < 0) {
 					inverse = 1;
 					tc = conv_uni_to_pc(vc, '?');
 					if (tc < 0) tc = '?';
 				    }
 				}
 			}
 			if (!inverse) {
 				vc_attr = vc->vc_attr;
 			} else {
 				/* invert vc_attr */
 				if (!vc->vc_can_do_color) {
 					vc_attr = (vc->vc_attr) ^ 0x08;
 				} else if (vc->vc_hi_font_mask == 0x100) {
 					vc_attr = ((vc->vc_attr) & 0x11) | (((vc->vc_attr) & 0xe0) >> 4) | (((vc->vc_attr) & 0x0e) << 4);
 				} else {
 					vc_attr = ((vc->vc_attr) & 0x88) | (((vc->vc_attr) & 0x70) >> 4) | (((vc->vc_attr) & 0x07) << 4);
 				}
 				FLUSH
 			}
 			while (1) {
 				if (vc->vc_need_wrap || vc->vc_decim)
 					FLUSH
 				if (vc->vc_need_wrap) {
 					cr(vc);
 					lf(vc);
 				}
 				if (vc->vc_decim)
 					insert_char(vc, 1);
 				scr_writew(himask ?
 					     ((vc_attr << 8) & ~himask) + ((tc & 0x100) ? himask : 0) + (tc & 0xff) :
 					     (vc_attr << 8) + tc,
 					   (u16 *) vc->vc_pos);
 				if (DO_UPDATE(vc) && draw_x < 0) {
 					draw_x = vc->vc_x;
 					draw_from = vc->vc_pos;
 				}
 				if (vc->vc_x == vc->vc_cols - 1) {
 					vc->vc_need_wrap = vc->vc_decawm;
 					draw_to = vc->vc_pos + 2;
 				} else {
 					vc->vc_x++;
 					draw_to = (vc->vc_pos += 2);
 				}
 				if (!--width) break;
 				tc = conv_uni_to_pc(vc, ' '); /* A space is printed in the second column */
 				if (tc < 0) tc = ' ';
 			}
 			notify_write(vc, c);
 			if (inverse) {
 				FLUSH
 			}
 			if (rescan) {
 				rescan = 0;
 				inverse = 0;
 				width = 1;
 				c = orig;
 				goto rescan_last_byte;
 			}
 			continue;
 		}
 		FLUSH
 		do_con_trol(tty, vc, orig);
 	}
 	FLUSH
 	console_conditional_schedule();
 	release_console_sem();
 	notify_update(vc);
 	return n;
 #undef FLUSH
 }
 /*
  * This is the console switching callback.
  *
  * Doing console switching in a process context allows
  * us to do the switches asynchronously (needed when we want
  * to switch due to a keyboard interrupt).  Synchronization
  * with other console code and prevention of re-entrancy is
  * ensured with console_sem.
  */
 static void console_callback(struct work_struct *ignored)
 {
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	if (want_console >= 0) {
 		if (want_console != fg_console &&
 		    vc_cons_allocated(want_console)) {
 			hide_cursor(vc_cons[fg_console].d);
 			change_console(vc_cons[want_console].d);
 			/* we only changed when the console had already
 			   been allocated - a new console is not created
 			   in an interrupt routine */
 		}
 		want_console = -1;
 	}
 	if (do_poke_blanked_console) { /* do not unblank for a LED change */
 		do_poke_blanked_console = 0;
 		poke_blanked_console();
 	}
 	if (scrollback_delta) {
 		struct vc_data *vc = vc_cons[fg_console].d;
 		clear_selection();
 		if (vc->vc_mode == KD_TEXT)
 			vc->vc_sw->con_scrolldelta(vc, scrollback_delta);
 		scrollback_delta = 0;
 	}
 	if (blank_timer_expired) {
 		do_blank_screen(0);
 		blank_timer_expired = 0;
 	}
 	notify_update(vc_cons[fg_console].d);
 	release_console_sem();
 }
 int set_console(int nr)
 {
 	struct vc_data *vc = vc_cons[fg_console].d;
 	if (!vc_cons_allocated(nr) || vt_dont_switch ||
 		(vc->vt_mode.mode == VT_AUTO && vc->vc_mode == KD_GRAPHICS)) {
 		/*
 		 * Console switch will fail in console_callback() or
 		 * change_console() so there is no point scheduling
 		 * the callback
 		 *
 		 * Existing set_console() users don't check the return
 		 * value so this shouldn't break anything
 		 */
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	want_console = nr;
 	schedule_console_callback();
 	return 0;
 }
 struct tty_driver *console_driver;
 #ifdef CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE
 /**
  * vt_kmsg_redirect() - Sets/gets the kernel message console
  * @new:	The new virtual terminal number or -1 if the console should stay
  * 		unchanged
  *
  * By default, the kernel messages are always printed on the current virtual
  * console. However, the user may modify that default with the
  * TIOCL_SETKMSGREDIRECT ioctl call.
  *
  * This function sets the kernel message console to be @new. It returns the old
  * virtual console number. The virtual terminal number 0 (both as parameter and
  * return value) means no redirection (i.e. always printed on the currently
  * active console).
  *
  * The parameter -1 means that only the current console is returned, but the
  * value is not modified. You may use the macro vt_get_kmsg_redirect() in that
  * case to make the code more understandable.
  *
  * When the kernel is compiled without CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE, this function ignores
  * the parameter and always returns 0.
  */
 int vt_kmsg_redirect(int new)
 {
 	static int kmsg_con;
 	if (new != -1)
 		return xchg(&kmsg_con, new);
 	else
 		return kmsg_con;
 }
 /*
  *	Console on virtual terminal
  *
  * The console must be locked when we get here.
  */
 static void vt_console_print(struct console *co, const char *b, unsigned count)
 {
 	struct vc_data *vc = vc_cons[fg_console].d;
 	unsigned char c;
 	static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(printing_lock);
 	const ushort *start;
 	ushort cnt = 0;
 	ushort myx;
 	int kmsg_console;
 	/* console busy or not yet initialized */
 	if (!printable)
 		return;
 	if (!spin_trylock(&printing_lock))
 		return;
 	kmsg_console = vt_get_kmsg_redirect();
 	if (kmsg_console && vc_cons_allocated(kmsg_console - 1))
 		vc = vc_cons[kmsg_console - 1].d;
 	/* read `x' only after setting currcons properly (otherwise
 	   the `x' macro will read the x of the foreground console). */
 	myx = vc->vc_x;
 	if (!vc_cons_allocated(fg_console)) {
 		/* impossible */
 		/* printk("vt_console_print: tty %d not allocated ??\n", currcons+1); */
 		goto quit;
 	}
 	if (vc->vc_mode != KD_TEXT)
 		goto quit;
 	/* undraw cursor first */
 	if (IS_FG(vc))
 		hide_cursor(vc);
 	start = (ushort *)vc->vc_pos;
 	/* Contrived structure to try to emulate original need_wrap behaviour
 	 * Problems caused when we have need_wrap set on '\n' character */
 	while (count--) {
 		c = *b++;
 		if (c == 10 || c == 13 || c == 8 || vc->vc_need_wrap) {
 			if (cnt > 0) {
 				if (CON_IS_VISIBLE(vc))
 					vc->vc_sw->con_putcs(vc, start, cnt, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x);
 				vc->vc_x += cnt;
 				if (vc->vc_need_wrap)
 					vc->vc_x--;
 				cnt = 0;
 			}
 			if (c == 8) {		/* backspace */
 				bs(vc);
 				start = (ushort *)vc->vc_pos;
 				myx = vc->vc_x;
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (c != 13)
 				lf(vc);
 			cr(vc);
 			start = (ushort *)vc->vc_pos;
 			myx = vc->vc_x;
 			if (c == 10 || c == 13)
 				continue;
 		}
 		scr_writew((vc->vc_attr << 8) + c, (unsigned short *)vc->vc_pos);
 		notify_write(vc, c);
 		cnt++;
 		if (myx == vc->vc_cols - 1) {
 			vc->vc_need_wrap = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
 		vc->vc_pos += 2;
 		myx++;
 	}
 	if (cnt > 0) {
 		if (CON_IS_VISIBLE(vc))
 			vc->vc_sw->con_putcs(vc, start, cnt, vc->vc_y, vc->vc_x);
 		vc->vc_x += cnt;
 		if (vc->vc_x == vc->vc_cols) {
 			vc->vc_x--;
 			vc->vc_need_wrap = 1;
 		}
 	}
 	set_cursor(vc);
 	notify_update(vc);
 quit:
 	spin_unlock(&printing_lock);
 }
 static struct tty_driver *vt_console_device(struct console *c, int *index)
 {
 	*index = c->index ? c->index-1 : fg_console;
 	return console_driver;
 }
 static struct console vt_console_driver = {
 	.name		= "tty",
 	.write		= vt_console_print,
 	.device		= vt_console_device,
 	.unblank	= unblank_screen,
 	.flags		= CON_PRINTBUFFER,
 	.index		= -1,
 };
 #endif
 /*
  *	Handling of Linux-specific VC ioctls
  */
 /*
  * Generally a bit racy with respect to console_sem().
  *
  * There are some functions which don't need it.
  *
  * There are some functions which can sleep for arbitrary periods
  * (paste_selection) but we don't need the lock there anyway.
  *
  * set_selection has locking, and definitely needs it
  */
 int tioclinux(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned long arg)
 {
 	char type, data;
 	char __user *p = (char __user *)arg;
 	int lines;
 	int ret;
 	if (current->signal->tty != tty && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
 		return -EPERM;
 	if (get_user(type, p))
 		return -EFAULT;
 	ret = 0;
 	lock_kernel();
 	switch (type)
 	{
 		case TIOCL_SETSEL:
 			acquire_console_sem();
 			ret = set_selection((struct tiocl_selection __user *)(p+1), tty);
 			release_console_sem();
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_PASTESEL:
 			ret = paste_selection(tty);
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_UNBLANKSCREEN:
 			acquire_console_sem();
 			unblank_screen();
 			release_console_sem();
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_SELLOADLUT:
 			ret = sel_loadlut(p);
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_GETSHIFTSTATE:
 	/*
 	 * Make it possible to react to Shift+Mousebutton.
 	 * Note that 'shift_state' is an undocumented
 	 * kernel-internal variable; programs not closely
 	 * related to the kernel should not use this.
 	 */
 	 		data = shift_state;
 			ret = __put_user(data, p);
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_GETMOUSEREPORTING:
 			data = mouse_reporting();
 			ret = __put_user(data, p);
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_SETVESABLANK:
 			ret = set_vesa_blanking(p);
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT:
 			data = vt_get_kmsg_redirect();
 			ret = __put_user(data, p);
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_SETKMSGREDIRECT:
 			if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
 				ret = -EPERM;
 			} else {
 				if (get_user(data, p+1))
 					ret = -EFAULT;
 				else
 					vt_kmsg_redirect(data);
 			}
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_GETFGCONSOLE:
 			ret = fg_console;
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_SCROLLCONSOLE:
 			if (get_user(lines, (s32 __user *)(p+4))) {
 				ret = -EFAULT;
 			} else {
 				scrollfront(vc_cons[fg_console].d, lines);
 				ret = 0;
 			}
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_BLANKSCREEN:	/* until explicitly unblanked, not only poked */
 			acquire_console_sem();
 			ignore_poke = 1;
 			do_blank_screen(0);
 			release_console_sem();
 			break;
 		case TIOCL_BLANKEDSCREEN:
 			ret = console_blanked;
 			break;
 		default:
 			ret = -EINVAL;
 			break;
 	}
 	unlock_kernel();
 	return ret;
 }
 /*
  * /dev/ttyN handling
  */
 static int con_write(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *buf, int count)
 {
 	int	retval;
 	retval = do_con_write(tty, buf, count);
 	con_flush_chars(tty);
 	return retval;
 }
 static int con_put_char(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned char ch)
 {
 	if (in_interrupt())
 		return 0;	/* n_r3964 calls put_char() from interrupt context */
 	return do_con_write(tty, &ch, 1);
 }
 static int con_write_room(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	if (tty->stopped)
 		return 0;
 	return 32768;		/* No limit, really; we're not buffering */
 }
 static int con_chars_in_buffer(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	return 0;		/* we're not buffering */
 }
 /*
  * con_throttle and con_unthrottle are only used for
  * paste_selection(), which has to stuff in a large number of
  * characters...
  */
 static void con_throttle(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 }
 static void con_unthrottle(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	struct vc_data *vc = tty->driver_data;
 	wake_up_interruptible(&vc->paste_wait);
 }
 /*
  * Turn the Scroll-Lock LED on when the tty is stopped
  */
 static void con_stop(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	int console_num;
 	if (!tty)
 		return;
 	console_num = tty->index;
 	if (!vc_cons_allocated(console_num))
 		return;
 	set_vc_kbd_led(kbd_table + console_num, VC_SCROLLOCK);
 	set_leds();
 }
 /*
  * Turn the Scroll-Lock LED off when the console is started
  */
 static void con_start(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	int console_num;
 	if (!tty)
 		return;
 	console_num = tty->index;
 	if (!vc_cons_allocated(console_num))
 		return;
 	clr_vc_kbd_led(kbd_table + console_num, VC_SCROLLOCK);
 	set_leds();
 }
 static void con_flush_chars(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	struct vc_data *vc;
 	if (in_interrupt())	/* from flush_to_ldisc */
 		return;
 	/* if we race with con_close(), vt may be null */
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	vc = tty->driver_data;
 	if (vc)
 		set_cursor(vc);
 	release_console_sem();
 }
 /*
  * Allocate the console screen memory.
  */
 static int con_open(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *filp)
 {
 	unsigned int currcons = tty->index;
 	int ret = 0;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	if (tty->driver_data == NULL) {
 		ret = vc_allocate(currcons);
 		if (ret == 0) {
 			struct vc_data *vc = vc_cons[currcons].d;
 			/* Still being freed */
 			if (vc->vc_tty) {
 				release_console_sem();
 				return -ERESTARTSYS;
 			}
 			tty->driver_data = vc;
 			vc->vc_tty = tty;
 			if (!tty->winsize.ws_row && !tty->winsize.ws_col) {
 				tty->winsize.ws_row = vc_cons[currcons].d->vc_rows;
 				tty->winsize.ws_col = vc_cons[currcons].d->vc_cols;
 			}
 			if (vc->vc_utf)
 				tty->termios->c_iflag |= IUTF8;
 			else
 				tty->termios->c_iflag &= ~IUTF8;
 			release_console_sem();
 			return ret;
 		}
 	}
 	release_console_sem();
 	return ret;
 }
 static void con_close(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *filp)
 {
 	/* Nothing to do - we defer to shutdown */
 }
 static void con_shutdown(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	struct vc_data *vc = tty->driver_data;
 	BUG_ON(vc == NULL);
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	vc->vc_tty = NULL;
 	release_console_sem();
 	tty_shutdown(tty);
 }
 static int default_italic_color    = 2; // green (ASCII)
 static int default_underline_color = 3; // cyan (ASCII)
 module_param_named(italic, default_italic_color, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 module_param_named(underline, default_underline_color, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 static void vc_init(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned int rows,
 		    unsigned int cols, int do_clear)
 {
 	int j, k ;
 	vc->vc_cols = cols;
 	vc->vc_rows = rows;
 	vc->vc_size_row = cols << 1;
 	vc->vc_screenbuf_size = vc->vc_rows * vc->vc_size_row;
 	set_origin(vc);
 	vc->vc_pos = vc->vc_origin;
 	reset_vc(vc);
 	for (j=k=0; j<16; j++) {
 		vc->vc_palette[k++] = default_red[j] ;
 		vc->vc_palette[k++] = default_grn[j] ;
 		vc->vc_palette[k++] = default_blu[j] ;
 	}
 	vc->vc_def_color       = 0x07;   /* white */
 	vc->vc_ulcolor         = default_underline_color;
 	vc->vc_itcolor         = default_italic_color;
 	vc->vc_halfcolor       = 0x08;   /* grey */
 	init_waitqueue_head(&vc->paste_wait);
 	reset_terminal(vc, do_clear);
 }
 /*
  * This routine initializes console interrupts, and does nothing
  * else. If you want the screen to clear, call tty_write with
  * the appropriate escape-sequence.
  */
 static int __init con_init(void)
 {
 	const char *display_desc = NULL;
 	struct vc_data *vc;
 	unsigned int currcons = 0, i;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	if (conswitchp)
 		display_desc = conswitchp->con_startup();
 	if (!display_desc) {
 		fg_console = 0;
 		release_console_sem();
 		return 0;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER; i++) {
 		struct con_driver *con_driver = &registered_con_driver[i];
 		if (con_driver->con == NULL) {
 			con_driver->con = conswitchp;
 			con_driver->desc = display_desc;
 			con_driver->flag = CON_DRIVER_FLAG_INIT;
 			con_driver->first = 0;
 			con_driver->last = MAX_NR_CONSOLES - 1;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CONSOLES; i++)
 		con_driver_map[i] = conswitchp;
 	if (blankinterval) {
 		blank_state = blank_normal_wait;
 		mod_timer(&console_timer, jiffies + (blankinterval * HZ));
 	}
 	for (currcons = 0; currcons < MIN_NR_CONSOLES; currcons++) {
 		vc_cons[currcons].d = vc = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vc_data), GFP_NOWAIT);
 		INIT_WORK(&vc_cons[currcons].SAK_work, vc_SAK);
 		visual_init(vc, currcons, 1);
 		vc->vc_screenbuf = kzalloc(vc->vc_screenbuf_size, GFP_NOWAIT);
 		vc_init(vc, vc->vc_rows, vc->vc_cols,
 			currcons || !vc->vc_sw->con_save_screen);
 	}
 	currcons = fg_console = 0;
 	master_display_fg = vc = vc_cons[currcons].d;
 	set_origin(vc);
 	save_screen(vc);
 	gotoxy(vc, vc->vc_x, vc->vc_y);
 	csi_J(vc, 0);
 	update_screen(vc);
 	printk("Console: %s %s %dx%d",
 		vc->vc_can_do_color ? "colour" : "mono",
 		display_desc, vc->vc_cols, vc->vc_rows);
 	printable = 1;
 	printk("\n");
 	release_console_sem();
 #ifdef CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE
 	register_console(&vt_console_driver);
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
 console_initcall(con_init);
 static const struct tty_operations con_ops = {
 	.open = con_open,
 	.close = con_close,
 	.write = con_write,
 	.write_room = con_write_room,
 	.put_char = con_put_char,
 	.flush_chars = con_flush_chars,
 	.chars_in_buffer = con_chars_in_buffer,
 	.ioctl = vt_ioctl,
 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
 	.compat_ioctl = vt_compat_ioctl,
 #endif
 	.stop = con_stop,
 	.start = con_start,
 	.throttle = con_throttle,
 	.unthrottle = con_unthrottle,
 	.resize = vt_resize,
 	.shutdown = con_shutdown
 };
 static struct cdev vc0_cdev;
 int __init vty_init(const struct file_operations *console_fops)
 {
 	cdev_init(&vc0_cdev, console_fops);
 	if (cdev_add(&vc0_cdev, MKDEV(TTY_MAJOR, 0), 1) ||
 	    register_chrdev_region(MKDEV(TTY_MAJOR, 0), 1, "/dev/vc/0") < 0)
 		panic("Couldn't register /dev/tty0 driver\n");
 	device_create(tty_class, NULL, MKDEV(TTY_MAJOR, 0), NULL, "tty0");
 	vcs_init();
 	console_driver = alloc_tty_driver(MAX_NR_CONSOLES);
 	if (!console_driver)
 		panic("Couldn't allocate console driver\n");
 	console_driver->owner = THIS_MODULE;
 	console_driver->name = "tty";
 	console_driver->name_base = 1;
 	console_driver->major = TTY_MAJOR;
 	console_driver->minor_start = 1;
 	console_driver->type = TTY_DRIVER_TYPE_CONSOLE;
 	console_driver->init_termios = tty_std_termios;
 	if (default_utf8)
 		console_driver->init_termios.c_iflag |= IUTF8;
 	console_driver->flags = TTY_DRIVER_REAL_RAW | TTY_DRIVER_RESET_TERMIOS;
 	tty_set_operations(console_driver, &con_ops);
 	if (tty_register_driver(console_driver))
 		panic("Couldn't register console driver\n");
 	kbd_init();
 	console_map_init();
 #ifdef CONFIG_MDA_CONSOLE
 	mda_console_init();
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
 #ifndef VT_SINGLE_DRIVER
 static struct class *vtconsole_class;
 static int bind_con_driver(const struct consw *csw, int first, int last,
 			   int deflt)
 {
 	struct module *owner = csw->owner;
 	const char *desc = NULL;
 	struct con_driver *con_driver;
 	int i, j = -1, k = -1, retval = -ENODEV;
 	if (!try_module_get(owner))
 		return -ENODEV;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	/* check if driver is registered */
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER; i++) {
 		con_driver = &registered_con_driver[i];
 		if (con_driver->con == csw) {
 			desc = con_driver->desc;
 			retval = 0;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	if (retval)
 		goto err;
 	if (!(con_driver->flag & CON_DRIVER_FLAG_INIT)) {
 		csw->con_startup();
 		con_driver->flag |= CON_DRIVER_FLAG_INIT;
 	}
 	if (deflt) {
 		if (conswitchp)
 			module_put(conswitchp->owner);
 		__module_get(owner);
 		conswitchp = csw;
 	}
 	first = max(first, con_driver->first);
 	last = min(last, con_driver->last);
 	for (i = first; i <= last; i++) {
 		int old_was_color;
 		struct vc_data *vc = vc_cons[i].d;
 		if (con_driver_map[i])
 			module_put(con_driver_map[i]->owner);
 		__module_get(owner);
 		con_driver_map[i] = csw;
 		if (!vc || !vc->vc_sw)
 			continue;
 		j = i;
 		if (CON_IS_VISIBLE(vc)) {
 			k = i;
 			save_screen(vc);
 		}
 		old_was_color = vc->vc_can_do_color;
 		vc->vc_sw->con_deinit(vc);
 		vc->vc_origin = (unsigned long)vc->vc_screenbuf;
 		visual_init(vc, i, 0);
 		set_origin(vc);
 		update_attr(vc);
 		/* If the console changed between mono <-> color, then
 		 * the attributes in the screenbuf will be wrong.  The
 		 * following resets all attributes to something sane.
 		 */
 		if (old_was_color != vc->vc_can_do_color)
 			clear_buffer_attributes(vc);
 	}
 	printk("Console: switching ");
 	if (!deflt)
 		printk("consoles %d-%d ", first+1, last+1);
 	if (j >= 0) {
 		struct vc_data *vc = vc_cons[j].d;
 		printk("to %s %s %dx%d\n",
 		       vc->vc_can_do_color ? "colour" : "mono",
 		       desc, vc->vc_cols, vc->vc_rows);
 		if (k >= 0) {
 			vc = vc_cons[k].d;
 			update_screen(vc);
 		}
 	} else
 		printk("to %s\n", desc);
 	retval = 0;
 err:
 	release_console_sem();
 	module_put(owner);
 	return retval;
 };
 #ifdef CONFIG_VT_HW_CONSOLE_BINDING
 static int con_is_graphics(const struct consw *csw, int first, int last)
 {
 	int i, retval = 0;
 	for (i = first; i <= last; i++) {
 		struct vc_data *vc = vc_cons[i].d;
 		if (vc && vc->vc_mode == KD_GRAPHICS) {
 			retval = 1;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	return retval;
 }
 /**
  * unbind_con_driver - unbind a console driver
  * @csw: pointer to console driver to unregister
  * @first: first in range of consoles that @csw should be unbound from
  * @last: last in range of consoles that @csw should be unbound from
  * @deflt: should next bound console driver be default after @csw is unbound?
  *
  * To unbind a driver from all possible consoles, pass 0 as @first and
  * %MAX_NR_CONSOLES as @last.
  *
  * @deflt controls whether the console that ends up replacing @csw should be
  * the default console.
  *
  * RETURNS:
  * -ENODEV if @csw isn't a registered console driver or can't be unregistered
  * or 0 on success.
  */
 int unbind_con_driver(const struct consw *csw, int first, int last, int deflt)
 {
 	struct module *owner = csw->owner;
 	const struct consw *defcsw = NULL;
 	struct con_driver *con_driver = NULL, *con_back = NULL;
 	int i, retval = -ENODEV;
 	if (!try_module_get(owner))
 		return -ENODEV;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	/* check if driver is registered and if it is unbindable */
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER; i++) {
 		con_driver = &registered_con_driver[i];
 		if (con_driver->con == csw &&
 		    con_driver->flag & CON_DRIVER_FLAG_MODULE) {
 			retval = 0;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	if (retval) {
 		release_console_sem();
 		goto err;
 	}
 	retval = -ENODEV;
 	/* check if backup driver exists */
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER; i++) {
 		con_back = &registered_con_driver[i];
 		if (con_back->con &&
 		    !(con_back->flag & CON_DRIVER_FLAG_MODULE)) {
 			defcsw = con_back->con;
 			retval = 0;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	if (retval) {
 		release_console_sem();
 		goto err;
 	}
 	if (!con_is_bound(csw)) {
 		release_console_sem();
 		goto err;
 	}
 	first = max(first, con_driver->first);
 	last = min(last, con_driver->last);
 	for (i = first; i <= last; i++) {
 		if (con_driver_map[i] == csw) {
 			module_put(csw->owner);
 			con_driver_map[i] = NULL;
 		}
 	}
 	if (!con_is_bound(defcsw)) {
 		const struct consw *defconsw = conswitchp;
 		defcsw->con_startup();
 		con_back->flag |= CON_DRIVER_FLAG_INIT;
 		/*
 		 * vgacon may change the default driver to point
 		 * to dummycon, we restore it here...
 		 */
 		conswitchp = defconsw;
 	}
 	if (!con_is_bound(csw))
 		con_driver->flag &= ~CON_DRIVER_FLAG_INIT;
 	release_console_sem();
 	/* ignore return value, binding should not fail */
 	bind_con_driver(defcsw, first, last, deflt);
 err:
 	module_put(owner);
 	return retval;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unbind_con_driver);
 static int vt_bind(struct con_driver *con)
 {
 	const struct consw *defcsw = NULL, *csw = NULL;
 	int i, more = 1, first = -1, last = -1, deflt = 0;
  	if (!con->con || !(con->flag & CON_DRIVER_FLAG_MODULE) ||
 	    con_is_graphics(con->con, con->first, con->last))
 		goto err;
 	csw = con->con;
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER; i++) {
 		struct con_driver *con = &registered_con_driver[i];
 		if (con->con && !(con->flag & CON_DRIVER_FLAG_MODULE)) {
 			defcsw = con->con;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	if (!defcsw)
 		goto err;
 	while (more) {
 		more = 0;
 		for (i = con->first; i <= con->last; i++) {
 			if (con_driver_map[i] == defcsw) {
 				if (first == -1)
 					first = i;
 				last = i;
 				more = 1;
 			} else if (first != -1)
 				break;
 		}
 		if (first == 0 && last == MAX_NR_CONSOLES -1)
 			deflt = 1;
 		if (first != -1)
 			bind_con_driver(csw, first, last, deflt);
 		first = -1;
 		last = -1;
 		deflt = 0;
 	}
 err:
 	return 0;
 }
 static int vt_unbind(struct con_driver *con)
 {
 	const struct consw *csw = NULL;
 	int i, more = 1, first = -1, last = -1, deflt = 0;
  	if (!con->con || !(con->flag & CON_DRIVER_FLAG_MODULE) ||
 	    con_is_graphics(con->con, con->first, con->last))
 		goto err;
 	csw = con->con;
 	while (more) {
 		more = 0;
 		for (i = con->first; i <= con->last; i++) {
 			if (con_driver_map[i] == csw) {
 				if (first == -1)
 					first = i;
 				last = i;
 				more = 1;
 			} else if (first != -1)
 				break;
 		}
 		if (first == 0 && last == MAX_NR_CONSOLES -1)
 			deflt = 1;
 		if (first != -1)
 			unbind_con_driver(csw, first, last, deflt);
 		first = -1;
 		last = -1;
 		deflt = 0;
 	}
 err:
 	return 0;
 }
 #else
 static inline int vt_bind(struct con_driver *con)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
 static inline int vt_unbind(struct con_driver *con)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_VT_HW_CONSOLE_BINDING */
 static ssize_t store_bind(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 			  const char *buf, size_t count)
 {
 	struct con_driver *con = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 	int bind = simple_strtoul(buf, NULL, 0);
 	if (bind)
 		vt_bind(con);
 	else
 		vt_unbind(con);
 	return count;
 }
 static ssize_t show_bind(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 			 char *buf)
 {
 	struct con_driver *con = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 	int bind = con_is_bound(con->con);
 	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%i\n", bind);
 }
 static ssize_t show_name(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 			 char *buf)
 {
 	struct con_driver *con = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%s %s\n",
 			(con->flag & CON_DRIVER_FLAG_MODULE) ? "(M)" : "(S)",
 			 con->desc);
 }
 static struct device_attribute device_attrs[] = {
 	__ATTR(bind, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, show_bind, store_bind),
 	__ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, show_name, NULL),
 };
 static int vtconsole_init_device(struct con_driver *con)
 {
 	int i;
 	int error = 0;
 	con->flag |= CON_DRIVER_FLAG_ATTR;
 	dev_set_drvdata(con->dev, con);
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(device_attrs); i++) {
 		error = device_create_file(con->dev, &device_attrs[i]);
 		if (error)
 			break;
 	}
 	if (error) {
 		while (--i >= 0)
 			device_remove_file(con->dev, &device_attrs[i]);
 		con->flag &= ~CON_DRIVER_FLAG_ATTR;
 	}
 	return error;
 }
 static void vtconsole_deinit_device(struct con_driver *con)
 {
 	int i;
 	if (con->flag & CON_DRIVER_FLAG_ATTR) {
 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(device_attrs); i++)
 			device_remove_file(con->dev, &device_attrs[i]);
 		con->flag &= ~CON_DRIVER_FLAG_ATTR;
 	}
 }
 /**
  * con_is_bound - checks if driver is bound to the console
  * @csw: console driver
  *
  * RETURNS: zero if unbound, nonzero if bound
  *
  * Drivers can call this and if zero, they should release
  * all resources allocated on con_startup()
  */
 int con_is_bound(const struct consw *csw)
 {
 	int i, bound = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CONSOLES; i++) {
 		if (con_driver_map[i] == csw) {
 			bound = 1;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	return bound;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(con_is_bound);
 /**
  * register_con_driver - register console driver to console layer
  * @csw: console driver
  * @first: the first console to take over, minimum value is 0
  * @last: the last console to take over, maximum value is MAX_NR_CONSOLES -1
  *
  * DESCRIPTION: This function registers a console driver which can later
  * bind to a range of consoles specified by @first and @last. It will
  * also initialize the console driver by calling con_startup().
  */
 int register_con_driver(const struct consw *csw, int first, int last)
 {
 	struct module *owner = csw->owner;
 	struct con_driver *con_driver;
 	const char *desc;
 	int i, retval = 0;
 	if (!try_module_get(owner))
 		return -ENODEV;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER; i++) {
 		con_driver = &registered_con_driver[i];
 		/* already registered */
 		if (con_driver->con == csw)
 			retval = -EINVAL;
 	}
 	if (retval)
 		goto err;
 	desc = csw->con_startup();
 	if (!desc)
 		goto err;
 	retval = -EINVAL;
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER; i++) {
 		con_driver = &registered_con_driver[i];
 		if (con_driver->con == NULL) {
 			con_driver->con = csw;
 			con_driver->desc = desc;
 			con_driver->node = i;
 			con_driver->flag = CON_DRIVER_FLAG_MODULE |
 			                   CON_DRIVER_FLAG_INIT;
 			con_driver->first = first;
 			con_driver->last = last;
 			retval = 0;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	if (retval)
 		goto err;
 	con_driver->dev = device_create(vtconsole_class, NULL,
 						MKDEV(0, con_driver->node),
 						NULL, "vtcon%i",
 						con_driver->node);
 	if (IS_ERR(con_driver->dev)) {
 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Unable to create device for %s; "
 		       "errno = %ld\n", con_driver->desc,
 		       PTR_ERR(con_driver->dev));
 		con_driver->dev = NULL;
 	} else {
 		vtconsole_init_device(con_driver);
 	}
 err:
 	release_console_sem();
 	module_put(owner);
 	return retval;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_con_driver);
 /**
  * unregister_con_driver - unregister console driver from console layer
  * @csw: console driver
  *
  * DESCRIPTION: All drivers that registers to the console layer must
  * call this function upon exit, or if the console driver is in a state
  * where it won't be able to handle console services, such as the
  * framebuffer console without loaded framebuffer drivers.
  *
  * The driver must unbind first prior to unregistration.
  */
 int unregister_con_driver(const struct consw *csw)
 {
 	int i, retval = -ENODEV;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	/* cannot unregister a bound driver */
 	if (con_is_bound(csw))
 		goto err;
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER; i++) {
 		struct con_driver *con_driver = &registered_con_driver[i];
 		if (con_driver->con == csw &&
 		    con_driver->flag & CON_DRIVER_FLAG_MODULE) {
 			vtconsole_deinit_device(con_driver);
 			device_destroy(vtconsole_class,
 				       MKDEV(0, con_driver->node));
 			con_driver->con = NULL;
 			con_driver->desc = NULL;
 			con_driver->dev = NULL;
 			con_driver->node = 0;
 			con_driver->flag = 0;
 			con_driver->first = 0;
 			con_driver->last = 0;
 			retval = 0;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 err:
 	release_console_sem();
 	return retval;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_con_driver);
 /*
  *	If we support more console drivers, this function is used
  *	when a driver wants to take over some existing consoles
  *	and become default driver for newly opened ones.
  *
  *      take_over_console is basically a register followed by unbind
  */
 int take_over_console(const struct consw *csw, int first, int last, int deflt)
 {
 	int err;
 	err = register_con_driver(csw, first, last);
 	if (!err)
 		bind_con_driver(csw, first, last, deflt);
 	return err;
 }
 /*
  * give_up_console is a wrapper to unregister_con_driver. It will only
  * work if driver is fully unbound.
  */
 void give_up_console(const struct consw *csw)
 {
 	unregister_con_driver(csw);
 }
 static int __init vtconsole_class_init(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	vtconsole_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "vtconsole");
 	if (IS_ERR(vtconsole_class)) {
 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Unable to create vt console class; "
 		       "errno = %ld\n", PTR_ERR(vtconsole_class));
 		vtconsole_class = NULL;
 	}
 	/* Add system drivers to sysfs */
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CON_DRIVER; i++) {
 		struct con_driver *con = &registered_con_driver[i];
 		if (con->con && !con->dev) {
 			con->dev = device_create(vtconsole_class, NULL,
 							 MKDEV(0, con->node),
 							 NULL, "vtcon%i",
 							 con->node);
 			if (IS_ERR(con->dev)) {
 				printk(KERN_WARNING "Unable to create "
 				       "device for %s; errno = %ld\n",
 				       con->desc, PTR_ERR(con->dev));
 				con->dev = NULL;
 			} else {
 				vtconsole_init_device(con);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 postcore_initcall(vtconsole_class_init);
 #endif
 /*
  *	Screen blanking
  */
 static int set_vesa_blanking(char __user *p)
 {
 	unsigned int mode;
 	if (get_user(mode, p + 1))
 		return -EFAULT;
 	vesa_blank_mode = (mode < 4) ? mode : 0;
 	return 0;
 }
 void do_blank_screen(int entering_gfx)
 {
 	struct vc_data *vc = vc_cons[fg_console].d;
 	int i;
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	if (console_blanked) {
 		if (blank_state == blank_vesa_wait) {
 			blank_state = blank_off;
 			vc->vc_sw->con_blank(vc, vesa_blank_mode + 1, 0);
 		}
 		return;
 	}
 	/* entering graphics mode? */
 	if (entering_gfx) {
 		hide_cursor(vc);
 		save_screen(vc);
 		vc->vc_sw->con_blank(vc, -1, 1);
 		console_blanked = fg_console + 1;
 		blank_state = blank_off;
 		set_origin(vc);
 		return;
 	}
 	if (blank_state != blank_normal_wait)
 		return;
 	blank_state = blank_off;
 	/* don't blank graphics */
 	if (vc->vc_mode != KD_TEXT) {
 		console_blanked = fg_console + 1;
 		return;
 	}
 	hide_cursor(vc);
 	del_timer_sync(&console_timer);
 	blank_timer_expired = 0;
 	save_screen(vc);
 	/* In case we need to reset origin, blanking hook returns 1 */
 	i = vc->vc_sw->con_blank(vc, vesa_off_interval ? 1 : (vesa_blank_mode + 1), 0);
 	console_blanked = fg_console + 1;
 	if (i)
 		set_origin(vc);
 	if (console_blank_hook && console_blank_hook(1))
 		return;
 	if (vesa_off_interval && vesa_blank_mode) {
 		blank_state = blank_vesa_wait;
 		mod_timer(&console_timer, jiffies + vesa_off_interval);
 	}
 	vt_event_post(VT_EVENT_BLANK, vc->vc_num, vc->vc_num);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_blank_screen);
 /*
  * Called by timer as well as from vt_console_driver
  */
 void do_unblank_screen(int leaving_gfx)
 {
 	struct vc_data *vc;
 	/* This should now always be called from a "sane" (read: can schedule)
 	 * context for the sake of the low level drivers, except in the special
 	 * case of oops_in_progress
 	 */
 	if (!oops_in_progress)
 		might_sleep();
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	ignore_poke = 0;
 	if (!console_blanked)
 		return;
 	if (!vc_cons_allocated(fg_console)) {
 		/* impossible */
 		printk("unblank_screen: tty %d not allocated ??\n", fg_console+1);
 		return;
 	}
 	vc = vc_cons[fg_console].d;
 	if (vc->vc_mode != KD_TEXT)
 		return; /* but leave console_blanked != 0 */
 	if (blankinterval) {
 		mod_timer(&console_timer, jiffies + (blankinterval * HZ));
 		blank_state = blank_normal_wait;
 	}
 	console_blanked = 0;
 	if (vc->vc_sw->con_blank(vc, 0, leaving_gfx))
 		/* Low-level driver cannot restore -> do it ourselves */
 		update_screen(vc);
 	if (console_blank_hook)
 		console_blank_hook(0);
 	set_palette(vc);
 	set_cursor(vc);
 	vt_event_post(VT_EVENT_UNBLANK, vc->vc_num, vc->vc_num);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_unblank_screen);
 /*
  * This is called by the outside world to cause a forced unblank, mostly for
  * oopses. Currently, I just call do_unblank_screen(0), but we could eventually
  * call it with 1 as an argument and so force a mode restore... that may kill
  * X or at least garbage the screen but would also make the Oops visible...
  */
 void unblank_screen(void)
 {
 	do_unblank_screen(0);
 }
 /*
  * We defer the timer blanking to work queue so it can take the console mutex
  * (console operations can still happen at irq time, but only from printk which
  * has the console mutex. Not perfect yet, but better than no locking
  */
 static void blank_screen_t(unsigned long dummy)
 {
 	if (unlikely(!keventd_up())) {
 		mod_timer(&console_timer, jiffies + (blankinterval * HZ));
 		return;
 	}
 	blank_timer_expired = 1;
 	schedule_work(&console_work);
 }
 void poke_blanked_console(void)
 {
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	/* Add this so we quickly catch whoever might call us in a non
 	 * safe context. Nowadays, unblank_screen() isn't to be called in
 	 * atomic contexts and is allowed to schedule (with the special case
 	 * of oops_in_progress, but that isn't of any concern for this
 	 * function. --BenH.
 	 */
 	might_sleep();
 	/* This isn't perfectly race free, but a race here would be mostly harmless,
 	 * at worse, we'll do a spurrious blank and it's unlikely
 	 */
 	del_timer(&console_timer);
 	blank_timer_expired = 0;
 	if (ignore_poke || !vc_cons[fg_console].d || vc_cons[fg_console].d->vc_mode == KD_GRAPHICS)
 		return;
 	if (console_blanked)
 		unblank_screen();
 	else if (blankinterval) {
 		mod_timer(&console_timer, jiffies + (blankinterval * HZ));
 		blank_state = blank_normal_wait;
 	}
 }
 /*
  *	Palettes
  */
 static void set_palette(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
 	if (vc->vc_mode != KD_GRAPHICS)
 		vc->vc_sw->con_set_palette(vc, color_table);
 }
 static int set_get_cmap(unsigned char __user *arg, int set)
 {
     int i, j, k;
     WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
     for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
 	if (set) {
 	    get_user(default_red[i], arg++);
 	    get_user(default_grn[i], arg++);
 	    get_user(default_blu[i], arg++);
 	} else {
 	    put_user(default_red[i], arg++);
 	    put_user(default_grn[i], arg++);
 	    put_user(default_blu[i], arg++);
 	}
     if (set) {
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CONSOLES; i++)
 	    if (vc_cons_allocated(i)) {
 		for (j = k = 0; j < 16; j++) {
 		    vc_cons[i].d->vc_palette[k++] = default_red[j];
 		    vc_cons[i].d->vc_palette[k++] = default_grn[j];
 		    vc_cons[i].d->vc_palette[k++] = default_blu[j];
 		}
 		set_palette(vc_cons[i].d);
 	    }
     }
     return 0;
 }
 /*
  * Load palette into the DAC registers. arg points to a colour
  * map, 3 bytes per colour, 16 colours, range from 0 to 255.
  */
 int con_set_cmap(unsigned char __user *arg)
 {
 	int rc;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	rc = set_get_cmap (arg,1);
 	release_console_sem();
 	return rc;
 }
 int con_get_cmap(unsigned char __user *arg)
 {
 	int rc;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	rc = set_get_cmap (arg,0);
 	release_console_sem();
 	return rc;
 }
 void reset_palette(struct vc_data *vc)
 {
 	int j, k;
 	for (j=k=0; j<16; j++) {
 		vc->vc_palette[k++] = default_red[j];
 		vc->vc_palette[k++] = default_grn[j];
 		vc->vc_palette[k++] = default_blu[j];
 	}
 	set_palette(vc);
 }
 /*
  *  Font switching
  *
  *  Currently we only support fonts up to 32 pixels wide, at a maximum height
  *  of 32 pixels. Userspace fontdata is stored with 32 bytes (shorts/ints,
  *  depending on width) reserved for each character which is kinda wasty, but
  *  this is done in order to maintain compatibility with the EGA/VGA fonts. It
  *  is upto the actual low-level console-driver convert data into its favorite
  *  format (maybe we should add a `fontoffset' field to the `display'
  *  structure so we won't have to convert the fontdata all the time.
  *  /Jes
  */
 #define max_font_size 65536
 static int con_font_get(struct vc_data *vc, struct console_font_op *op)
 {
 	struct console_font font;
 	int rc = -EINVAL;
 	int c;
 	if (vc->vc_mode != KD_TEXT)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if (op->data) {
 		font.data = kmalloc(max_font_size, GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!font.data)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 	} else
 		font.data = NULL;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	if (vc->vc_sw->con_font_get)
 		rc = vc->vc_sw->con_font_get(vc, &font);
 	else
 		rc = -ENOSYS;
 	release_console_sem();
 	if (rc)
 		goto out;
 	c = (font.width+7)/8 * 32 * font.charcount;
 	if (op->data && font.charcount > op->charcount)
 		rc = -ENOSPC;
 	if (!(op->flags & KD_FONT_FLAG_OLD)) {
 		if (font.width > op->width || font.height > op->height)
 			rc = -ENOSPC;
 	} else {
 		if (font.width != 8)
 			rc = -EIO;
 		else if ((op->height && font.height > op->height) ||
 			 font.height > 32)
 			rc = -ENOSPC;
 	}
 	if (rc)
 		goto out;
 	op->height = font.height;
 	op->width = font.width;
 	op->charcount = font.charcount;
 	if (op->data && copy_to_user(op->data, font.data, c))
 		rc = -EFAULT;
 out:
 	kfree(font.data);
 	return rc;
 }
 static int con_font_set(struct vc_data *vc, struct console_font_op *op)
 {
 	struct console_font font;
 	int rc = -EINVAL;
 	int size;
 	if (vc->vc_mode != KD_TEXT)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if (!op->data)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if (op->charcount > 512)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if (!op->height) {		/* Need to guess font height [compat] */
 		int h, i;
 		u8 __user *charmap = op->data;
 		u8 tmp;
 		/* If from KDFONTOP ioctl, don't allow things which can be done in userland,
 		   so that we can get rid of this soon */
 		if (!(op->flags & KD_FONT_FLAG_OLD))
 			return -EINVAL;
 		for (h = 32; h > 0; h--)
 			for (i = 0; i < op->charcount; i++) {
 				if (get_user(tmp, &charmap[32*i+h-1]))
 					return -EFAULT;
 				if (tmp)
 					goto nonzero;
 			}
 		return -EINVAL;
 	nonzero:
 		op->height = h;
 	}
 	if (op->width <= 0 || op->width > 32 || op->height > 32)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	size = (op->width+7)/8 * 32 * op->charcount;
 	if (size > max_font_size)
 		return -ENOSPC;
 	font.charcount = op->charcount;
 	font.height = op->height;
 	font.width = op->width;
 	font.data = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!font.data)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	if (copy_from_user(font.data, op->data, size)) {
 		kfree(font.data);
 		return -EFAULT;
 	}
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	if (vc->vc_sw->con_font_set)
 		rc = vc->vc_sw->con_font_set(vc, &font, op->flags);
 	else
 		rc = -ENOSYS;
 	release_console_sem();
 	kfree(font.data);
 	return rc;
 }
 static int con_font_default(struct vc_data *vc, struct console_font_op *op)
 {
 	struct console_font font = {.width = op->width, .height = op->height};
 	char name[MAX_FONT_NAME];
 	char *s = name;
 	int rc;
 	if (vc->vc_mode != KD_TEXT)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if (!op->data)
 		s = NULL;
 	else if (strncpy_from_user(name, op->data, MAX_FONT_NAME - 1) < 0)
 		return -EFAULT;
 	else
 		name[MAX_FONT_NAME - 1] = 0;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	if (vc->vc_sw->con_font_default)
 		rc = vc->vc_sw->con_font_default(vc, &font, s);
 	else
 		rc = -ENOSYS;
 	release_console_sem();
 	if (!rc) {
 		op->width = font.width;
 		op->height = font.height;
 	}
 	return rc;
 }
 static int con_font_copy(struct vc_data *vc, struct console_font_op *op)
 {
 	int con = op->height;
 	int rc;
 	if (vc->vc_mode != KD_TEXT)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	acquire_console_sem();
 	if (!vc->vc_sw->con_font_copy)
 		rc = -ENOSYS;
 	else if (con < 0 || !vc_cons_allocated(con))
 		rc = -ENOTTY;
 	else if (con == vc->vc_num)	/* nothing to do */
 		rc = 0;
 	else
 		rc = vc->vc_sw->con_font_copy(vc, con);
 	release_console_sem();
 	return rc;
 }
 int con_font_op(struct vc_data *vc, struct console_font_op *op)
 {
 	switch (op->op) {
 	case KD_FONT_OP_SET:
 		return con_font_set(vc, op);
 	case KD_FONT_OP_GET:
 		return con_font_get(vc, op);
 	case KD_FONT_OP_SET_DEFAULT:
 		return con_font_default(vc, op);
 	case KD_FONT_OP_COPY:
 		return con_font_copy(vc, op);
 	}
 	return -ENOSYS;
 }
 /*
  *	Interface exported to selection and vcs.
  */
 /* used by selection */
 u16 screen_glyph(struct vc_data *vc, int offset)
 {
 	u16 w = scr_readw(screenpos(vc, offset, 1));
 	u16 c = w & 0xff;
 	if (w & vc->vc_hi_font_mask)
 		c |= 0x100;
 	return c;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(screen_glyph);
 /* used by vcs - note the word offset */
 unsigned short *screen_pos(struct vc_data *vc, int w_offset, int viewed)
 {
 	return screenpos(vc, 2 * w_offset, viewed);
 }
 void getconsxy(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned char *p)
 {
 	p[0] = vc->vc_x;
 	p[1] = vc->vc_y;
 }
 void putconsxy(struct vc_data *vc, unsigned char *p)
 {
 	hide_cursor(vc);
 	gotoxy(vc, p[0], p[1]);
 	set_cursor(vc);
 }
 u16 vcs_scr_readw(struct vc_data *vc, const u16 *org)
 {
 	if ((unsigned long)org == vc->vc_pos && softcursor_original != -1)
 		return softcursor_original;
 	return scr_readw(org);
 }
 void vcs_scr_writew(struct vc_data *vc, u16 val, u16 *org)
 {
 	scr_writew(val, org);
 	if ((unsigned long)org == vc->vc_pos) {
 		softcursor_original = -1;
 		add_softcursor(vc);
 	}
 }
 /*
  *	Visible symbols for modules
  */
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(color_table);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_red);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_grn);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_blu);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(update_region);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(redraw_screen);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vc_resize);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fg_console);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_blank_hook);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_blanked);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vc_cons);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(global_cursor_default);
 #ifndef VT_SINGLE_DRIVER
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(take_over_console);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(give_up_console);
 #endif