/*
   *  linux/fs/namespace.c
   *
   * (C) Copyright Al Viro 2000, 2001
   *	Released under GPL v2.
   *
   * Based on code from fs/super.c, copyright Linus Torvalds and others.
   * Heavily rewritten.
   */

  #include <linux/syscalls.h>
  #include <linux/slab.h>
  #include <linux/sched.h>

  #include <linux/spinlock.h>
  #include <linux/percpu.h>

  #include <linux/init.h>

  #include <linux/kernel.h>

  #include <linux/acct.h>

  #include <linux/capability.h>

  #include <linux/cpumask.h>

  #include <linux/module.h>

  #include <linux/sysfs.h>

  #include <linux/seq_file.h>

  #include <linux/mnt_namespace.h>

  #include <linux/namei.h>

  #include <linux/nsproxy.h>

  #include <linux/security.h>
  #include <linux/mount.h>

  #include <linux/ramfs.h>

  #include <linux/log2.h>

  #include <linux/idr.h>

  #include <linux/fs_struct.h>

  #include <linux/fsnotify.h>

  #include <asm/uaccess.h>
  #include <asm/unistd.h>

  #include "pnode.h"

  #include "internal.h"

  #define HASH_SHIFT ilog2(PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct list_head))
  #define HASH_SIZE (1UL << HASH_SHIFT)

  static int event;

  static DEFINE_IDA(mnt_id_ida);

  static DEFINE_IDA(mnt_group_ida);

  static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(mnt_id_lock);

  static int mnt_id_start = 0;
  static int mnt_group_start = 1;

  static struct list_head *mount_hashtable __read_mostly;

  static struct kmem_cache *mnt_cache __read_mostly;

  static struct rw_semaphore namespace_sem;

  /* /sys/fs */

  struct kobject *fs_kobj;
  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fs_kobj);

  /*
   * vfsmount lock may be taken for read to prevent changes to the
   * vfsmount hash, ie. during mountpoint lookups or walking back
   * up the tree.
   *
   * It should be taken for write in all cases where the vfsmount
   * tree or hash is modified or when a vfsmount structure is modified.
   */
  DEFINE_BRLOCK(vfsmount_lock);

  static inline unsigned long hash(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry)
  {

  	unsigned long tmp = ((unsigned long)mnt / L1_CACHE_BYTES);
  	tmp += ((unsigned long)dentry / L1_CACHE_BYTES);

  	tmp = tmp + (tmp >> HASH_SHIFT);
  	return tmp & (HASH_SIZE - 1);

  }

  #define MNT_WRITER_UNDERFLOW_LIMIT -(1<<16)

  /*
   * allocation is serialized by namespace_sem, but we need the spinlock to
   * serialize with freeing.
   */

  static int mnt_alloc_id(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  	int res;
  
  retry:
  	ida_pre_get(&mnt_id_ida, GFP_KERNEL);

  	spin_lock(&mnt_id_lock);

  	res = ida_get_new_above(&mnt_id_ida, mnt_id_start, &mnt->mnt_id);
  	if (!res)
  		mnt_id_start = mnt->mnt_id + 1;

  	spin_unlock(&mnt_id_lock);

  	if (res == -EAGAIN)
  		goto retry;
  
  	return res;
  }
  
  static void mnt_free_id(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	int id = mnt->mnt_id;

  	spin_lock(&mnt_id_lock);

  	ida_remove(&mnt_id_ida, id);
  	if (mnt_id_start > id)
  		mnt_id_start = id;

  	spin_unlock(&mnt_id_lock);

  }

  /*
   * Allocate a new peer group ID
   *
   * mnt_group_ida is protected by namespace_sem
   */
  static int mnt_alloc_group_id(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	int res;

  	if (!ida_pre_get(&mnt_group_ida, GFP_KERNEL))
  		return -ENOMEM;

  	res = ida_get_new_above(&mnt_group_ida,
  				mnt_group_start,
  				&mnt->mnt_group_id);
  	if (!res)
  		mnt_group_start = mnt->mnt_group_id + 1;
  
  	return res;

  }
  
  /*
   * Release a peer group ID
   */
  void mnt_release_group_id(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	int id = mnt->mnt_group_id;
  	ida_remove(&mnt_group_ida, id);
  	if (mnt_group_start > id)
  		mnt_group_start = id;

  	mnt->mnt_group_id = 0;
  }

  /*
   * vfsmount lock must be held for read
   */
  static inline void mnt_add_count(struct vfsmount *mnt, int n)
  {
  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  	this_cpu_add(mnt->mnt_pcp->mnt_count, n);
  #else
  	preempt_disable();
  	mnt->mnt_count += n;
  	preempt_enable();
  #endif
  }
  
  static inline void mnt_set_count(struct vfsmount *mnt, int n)
  {
  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  	this_cpu_write(mnt->mnt_pcp->mnt_count, n);
  #else
  	mnt->mnt_count = n;
  #endif
  }
  
  /*
   * vfsmount lock must be held for read
   */
  static inline void mnt_inc_count(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  	mnt_add_count(mnt, 1);
  }
  
  /*
   * vfsmount lock must be held for read
   */
  static inline void mnt_dec_count(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  	mnt_add_count(mnt, -1);
  }
  
  /*
   * vfsmount lock must be held for write
   */
  unsigned int mnt_get_count(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP

  	unsigned int count = 0;

  	int cpu;
  
  	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
  		count += per_cpu_ptr(mnt->mnt_pcp, cpu)->mnt_count;
  	}
  
  	return count;
  #else
  	return mnt->mnt_count;
  #endif
  }

  static struct vfsmount *alloc_vfsmnt(const char *name)

  {

  	struct vfsmount *mnt = kmem_cache_zalloc(mnt_cache, GFP_KERNEL);

  	if (mnt) {

  		int err;
  
  		err = mnt_alloc_id(mnt);

  		if (err)
  			goto out_free_cache;
  
  		if (name) {
  			mnt->mnt_devname = kstrdup(name, GFP_KERNEL);
  			if (!mnt->mnt_devname)
  				goto out_free_id;

  		}

  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  		mnt->mnt_pcp = alloc_percpu(struct mnt_pcp);
  		if (!mnt->mnt_pcp)
  			goto out_free_devname;

  		this_cpu_add(mnt->mnt_pcp->mnt_count, 1);

  #else
  		mnt->mnt_count = 1;
  		mnt->mnt_writers = 0;
  #endif

  		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mnt->mnt_hash);
  		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mnt->mnt_child);
  		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mnt->mnt_mounts);
  		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mnt->mnt_list);

  		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mnt->mnt_expire);

  		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mnt->mnt_share);

  		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mnt->mnt_slave_list);
  		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mnt->mnt_slave);

  #ifdef CONFIG_FSNOTIFY
  		INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&mnt->mnt_fsnotify_marks);
  #endif

  	}
  	return mnt;

  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  out_free_devname:
  	kfree(mnt->mnt_devname);
  #endif

  out_free_id:
  	mnt_free_id(mnt);
  out_free_cache:
  	kmem_cache_free(mnt_cache, mnt);
  	return NULL;

  }

  /*
   * Most r/o checks on a fs are for operations that take
   * discrete amounts of time, like a write() or unlink().
   * We must keep track of when those operations start
   * (for permission checks) and when they end, so that
   * we can determine when writes are able to occur to
   * a filesystem.
   */

  /*
   * __mnt_is_readonly: check whether a mount is read-only
   * @mnt: the mount to check for its write status
   *
   * This shouldn't be used directly ouside of the VFS.
   * It does not guarantee that the filesystem will stay
   * r/w, just that it is right *now*.  This can not and
   * should not be used in place of IS_RDONLY(inode).
   * mnt_want/drop_write() will _keep_ the filesystem
   * r/w.
   */
  int __mnt_is_readonly(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	if (mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_READONLY)
  		return 1;
  	if (mnt->mnt_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)
  		return 1;
  	return 0;

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__mnt_is_readonly);

  static inline void mnt_inc_writers(struct vfsmount *mnt)

  {
  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP

  	this_cpu_inc(mnt->mnt_pcp->mnt_writers);

  #else
  	mnt->mnt_writers++;
  #endif
  }

  static inline void mnt_dec_writers(struct vfsmount *mnt)

  {

  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP

  	this_cpu_dec(mnt->mnt_pcp->mnt_writers);

  #else
  	mnt->mnt_writers--;
  #endif

  }

  static unsigned int mnt_get_writers(struct vfsmount *mnt)

  {

  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  	unsigned int count = 0;

  	int cpu;

  
  	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {

  		count += per_cpu_ptr(mnt->mnt_pcp, cpu)->mnt_writers;

  	}

  	return count;
  #else
  	return mnt->mnt_writers;
  #endif

  }
  
  /*
   * Most r/o checks on a fs are for operations that take
   * discrete amounts of time, like a write() or unlink().
   * We must keep track of when those operations start
   * (for permission checks) and when they end, so that
   * we can determine when writes are able to occur to
   * a filesystem.
   */

  /**
   * mnt_want_write - get write access to a mount
   * @mnt: the mount on which to take a write
   *
   * This tells the low-level filesystem that a write is
   * about to be performed to it, and makes sure that
   * writes are allowed before returning success.  When
   * the write operation is finished, mnt_drop_write()
   * must be called.  This is effectively a refcount.
   */
  int mnt_want_write(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	int ret = 0;

  	preempt_disable();

  	mnt_inc_writers(mnt);

  	/*

  	 * The store to mnt_inc_writers must be visible before we pass

  	 * MNT_WRITE_HOLD loop below, so that the slowpath can see our
  	 * incremented count after it has set MNT_WRITE_HOLD.
  	 */
  	smp_mb();
  	while (mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_WRITE_HOLD)
  		cpu_relax();
  	/*
  	 * After the slowpath clears MNT_WRITE_HOLD, mnt_is_readonly will
  	 * be set to match its requirements. So we must not load that until
  	 * MNT_WRITE_HOLD is cleared.
  	 */
  	smp_rmb();

  	if (__mnt_is_readonly(mnt)) {

  		mnt_dec_writers(mnt);

  		ret = -EROFS;
  		goto out;
  	}

  out:

  	preempt_enable();

  	return ret;

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mnt_want_write);
  
  /**

   * mnt_clone_write - get write access to a mount
   * @mnt: the mount on which to take a write
   *
   * This is effectively like mnt_want_write, except
   * it must only be used to take an extra write reference
   * on a mountpoint that we already know has a write reference
   * on it. This allows some optimisation.
   *
   * After finished, mnt_drop_write must be called as usual to
   * drop the reference.
   */
  int mnt_clone_write(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  	/* superblock may be r/o */
  	if (__mnt_is_readonly(mnt))
  		return -EROFS;
  	preempt_disable();

  	mnt_inc_writers(mnt);

  	preempt_enable();
  	return 0;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mnt_clone_write);
  
  /**
   * mnt_want_write_file - get write access to a file's mount
   * @file: the file who's mount on which to take a write
   *
   * This is like mnt_want_write, but it takes a file and can
   * do some optimisations if the file is open for write already
   */
  int mnt_want_write_file(struct file *file)
  {

  	struct inode *inode = file->f_dentry->d_inode;
  	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) || special_file(inode->i_mode))

  		return mnt_want_write(file->f_path.mnt);
  	else
  		return mnt_clone_write(file->f_path.mnt);
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mnt_want_write_file);
  
  /**

   * mnt_drop_write - give up write access to a mount
   * @mnt: the mount on which to give up write access
   *
   * Tells the low-level filesystem that we are done
   * performing writes to it.  Must be matched with
   * mnt_want_write() call above.
   */
  void mnt_drop_write(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	preempt_disable();

  	mnt_dec_writers(mnt);

  	preempt_enable();

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mnt_drop_write);

  static int mnt_make_readonly(struct vfsmount *mnt)

  {

  	int ret = 0;

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	mnt->mnt_flags |= MNT_WRITE_HOLD;

  	/*

  	 * After storing MNT_WRITE_HOLD, we'll read the counters. This store
  	 * should be visible before we do.

  	 */

  	smp_mb();

  	/*

  	 * With writers on hold, if this value is zero, then there are
  	 * definitely no active writers (although held writers may subsequently
  	 * increment the count, they'll have to wait, and decrement it after
  	 * seeing MNT_READONLY).
  	 *
  	 * It is OK to have counter incremented on one CPU and decremented on
  	 * another: the sum will add up correctly. The danger would be when we
  	 * sum up each counter, if we read a counter before it is incremented,
  	 * but then read another CPU's count which it has been subsequently
  	 * decremented from -- we would see more decrements than we should.
  	 * MNT_WRITE_HOLD protects against this scenario, because
  	 * mnt_want_write first increments count, then smp_mb, then spins on
  	 * MNT_WRITE_HOLD, so it can't be decremented by another CPU while
  	 * we're counting up here.

  	 */

  	if (mnt_get_writers(mnt) > 0)

  		ret = -EBUSY;
  	else

  		mnt->mnt_flags |= MNT_READONLY;

  	/*
  	 * MNT_READONLY must become visible before ~MNT_WRITE_HOLD, so writers
  	 * that become unheld will see MNT_READONLY.
  	 */
  	smp_wmb();
  	mnt->mnt_flags &= ~MNT_WRITE_HOLD;

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  	return ret;

  }

  static void __mnt_unmake_readonly(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	mnt->mnt_flags &= ~MNT_READONLY;

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  }

  static void free_vfsmnt(struct vfsmount *mnt)

  {
  	kfree(mnt->mnt_devname);

  	mnt_free_id(mnt);

  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP

  	free_percpu(mnt->mnt_pcp);

  #endif

  	kmem_cache_free(mnt_cache, mnt);
  }
  
  /*

   * find the first or last mount at @dentry on vfsmount @mnt depending on
   * @dir. If @dir is set return the first mount else return the last mount.

   * vfsmount_lock must be held for read or write.

   */

  struct vfsmount *__lookup_mnt(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry,
  			      int dir)

  {

  	struct list_head *head = mount_hashtable + hash(mnt, dentry);
  	struct list_head *tmp = head;

  	struct vfsmount *p, *found = NULL;

  	for (;;) {

  		tmp = dir ? tmp->next : tmp->prev;

  		p = NULL;
  		if (tmp == head)
  			break;
  		p = list_entry(tmp, struct vfsmount, mnt_hash);
  		if (p->mnt_parent == mnt && p->mnt_mountpoint == dentry) {

  			found = p;

  			break;
  		}
  	}

  	return found;
  }

  /*
   * lookup_mnt increments the ref count before returning
   * the vfsmount struct.
   */

  struct vfsmount *lookup_mnt(struct path *path)

  {
  	struct vfsmount *child_mnt;

  
  	br_read_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	if ((child_mnt = __lookup_mnt(path->mnt, path->dentry, 1)))

  		mntget(child_mnt);

  	br_read_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  	return child_mnt;
  }

  static inline int check_mnt(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	return mnt->mnt_ns == current->nsproxy->mnt_ns;

  }

  /*
   * vfsmount lock must be held for write
   */

  static void touch_mnt_namespace(struct mnt_namespace *ns)

  {
  	if (ns) {
  		ns->event = ++event;
  		wake_up_interruptible(&ns->poll);
  	}
  }

  /*
   * vfsmount lock must be held for write
   */

  static void __touch_mnt_namespace(struct mnt_namespace *ns)

  {
  	if (ns && ns->event != event) {
  		ns->event = event;
  		wake_up_interruptible(&ns->poll);
  	}
  }

  /*

   * Clear dentry's mounted state if it has no remaining mounts.
   * vfsmount_lock must be held for write.
   */
  static void dentry_reset_mounted(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry)
  {
  	unsigned u;
  
  	for (u = 0; u < HASH_SIZE; u++) {
  		struct vfsmount *p;
  
  		list_for_each_entry(p, &mount_hashtable[u], mnt_hash) {
  			if (p->mnt_mountpoint == dentry)
  				return;
  		}
  	}
  	spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
  	dentry->d_flags &= ~DCACHE_MOUNTED;
  	spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
  }
  
  /*

   * vfsmount lock must be held for write
   */

  static void detach_mnt(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct path *old_path)

  {

  	old_path->dentry = mnt->mnt_mountpoint;
  	old_path->mnt = mnt->mnt_parent;

  	mnt->mnt_parent = mnt;
  	mnt->mnt_mountpoint = mnt->mnt_root;
  	list_del_init(&mnt->mnt_child);
  	list_del_init(&mnt->mnt_hash);

  	dentry_reset_mounted(old_path->mnt, old_path->dentry);

  }

  /*
   * vfsmount lock must be held for write
   */

  void mnt_set_mountpoint(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry,
  			struct vfsmount *child_mnt)
  {
  	child_mnt->mnt_parent = mntget(mnt);
  	child_mnt->mnt_mountpoint = dget(dentry);

  	spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
  	dentry->d_flags |= DCACHE_MOUNTED;
  	spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);

  }

  /*
   * vfsmount lock must be held for write
   */

  static void attach_mnt(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct path *path)

  {

  	mnt_set_mountpoint(path->mnt, path->dentry, mnt);

  	list_add_tail(&mnt->mnt_hash, mount_hashtable +

  			hash(path->mnt, path->dentry));
  	list_add_tail(&mnt->mnt_child, &path->mnt->mnt_mounts);

  }

  static inline void __mnt_make_longterm(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  	atomic_inc(&mnt->mnt_longterm);
  #endif
  }
  
  /* needs vfsmount lock for write */
  static inline void __mnt_make_shortterm(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  	atomic_dec(&mnt->mnt_longterm);
  #endif
  }

  /*

   * vfsmount lock must be held for write

   */
  static void commit_tree(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  	struct vfsmount *parent = mnt->mnt_parent;
  	struct vfsmount *m;
  	LIST_HEAD(head);

  	struct mnt_namespace *n = parent->mnt_ns;

  
  	BUG_ON(parent == mnt);
  
  	list_add_tail(&head, &mnt->mnt_list);

  	list_for_each_entry(m, &head, mnt_list) {

  		m->mnt_ns = n;

  		__mnt_make_longterm(m);

  	}

  	list_splice(&head, n->list.prev);
  
  	list_add_tail(&mnt->mnt_hash, mount_hashtable +
  				hash(parent, mnt->mnt_mountpoint));
  	list_add_tail(&mnt->mnt_child, &parent->mnt_mounts);

  	touch_mnt_namespace(n);

  }
  
  static struct vfsmount *next_mnt(struct vfsmount *p, struct vfsmount *root)
  {
  	struct list_head *next = p->mnt_mounts.next;
  	if (next == &p->mnt_mounts) {
  		while (1) {
  			if (p == root)
  				return NULL;
  			next = p->mnt_child.next;
  			if (next != &p->mnt_parent->mnt_mounts)
  				break;
  			p = p->mnt_parent;
  		}
  	}
  	return list_entry(next, struct vfsmount, mnt_child);
  }

  static struct vfsmount *skip_mnt_tree(struct vfsmount *p)
  {
  	struct list_head *prev = p->mnt_mounts.prev;
  	while (prev != &p->mnt_mounts) {
  		p = list_entry(prev, struct vfsmount, mnt_child);
  		prev = p->mnt_mounts.prev;
  	}
  	return p;
  }

  struct vfsmount *
  vfs_kern_mount(struct file_system_type *type, int flags, const char *name, void *data)
  {
  	struct vfsmount *mnt;
  	struct dentry *root;
  
  	if (!type)
  		return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
  
  	mnt = alloc_vfsmnt(name);
  	if (!mnt)
  		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
  
  	if (flags & MS_KERNMOUNT)
  		mnt->mnt_flags = MNT_INTERNAL;
  
  	root = mount_fs(type, flags, name, data);
  	if (IS_ERR(root)) {
  		free_vfsmnt(mnt);
  		return ERR_CAST(root);
  	}
  
  	mnt->mnt_root = root;
  	mnt->mnt_sb = root->d_sb;
  	mnt->mnt_mountpoint = mnt->mnt_root;
  	mnt->mnt_parent = mnt;
  	return mnt;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfs_kern_mount);

  static struct vfsmount *clone_mnt(struct vfsmount *old, struct dentry *root,
  					int flag)

  {
  	struct super_block *sb = old->mnt_sb;
  	struct vfsmount *mnt = alloc_vfsmnt(old->mnt_devname);
  
  	if (mnt) {

  		if (flag & (CL_SLAVE | CL_PRIVATE))
  			mnt->mnt_group_id = 0; /* not a peer of original */
  		else
  			mnt->mnt_group_id = old->mnt_group_id;
  
  		if ((flag & CL_MAKE_SHARED) && !mnt->mnt_group_id) {
  			int err = mnt_alloc_group_id(mnt);
  			if (err)
  				goto out_free;
  		}

  		mnt->mnt_flags = old->mnt_flags & ~MNT_WRITE_HOLD;

  		atomic_inc(&sb->s_active);
  		mnt->mnt_sb = sb;
  		mnt->mnt_root = dget(root);
  		mnt->mnt_mountpoint = mnt->mnt_root;
  		mnt->mnt_parent = mnt;

  		if (flag & CL_SLAVE) {
  			list_add(&mnt->mnt_slave, &old->mnt_slave_list);
  			mnt->mnt_master = old;
  			CLEAR_MNT_SHARED(mnt);

  		} else if (!(flag & CL_PRIVATE)) {

  			if ((flag & CL_MAKE_SHARED) || IS_MNT_SHARED(old))

  				list_add(&mnt->mnt_share, &old->mnt_share);
  			if (IS_MNT_SLAVE(old))
  				list_add(&mnt->mnt_slave, &old->mnt_slave);
  			mnt->mnt_master = old->mnt_master;
  		}

  		if (flag & CL_MAKE_SHARED)
  			set_mnt_shared(mnt);

  
  		/* stick the duplicate mount on the same expiry list
  		 * as the original if that was on one */

  		if (flag & CL_EXPIRE) {

  			if (!list_empty(&old->mnt_expire))
  				list_add(&mnt->mnt_expire, &old->mnt_expire);

  		}

  	}
  	return mnt;

  
   out_free:
  	free_vfsmnt(mnt);
  	return NULL;

  }

  static inline void mntfree(struct vfsmount *mnt)

  {
  	struct super_block *sb = mnt->mnt_sb;

  	/*

  	 * This probably indicates that somebody messed
  	 * up a mnt_want/drop_write() pair.  If this
  	 * happens, the filesystem was probably unable
  	 * to make r/w->r/o transitions.
  	 */

  	/*

  	 * The locking used to deal with mnt_count decrement provides barriers,
  	 * so mnt_get_writers() below is safe.

  	 */

  	WARN_ON(mnt_get_writers(mnt));

  	fsnotify_vfsmount_delete(mnt);

  	dput(mnt->mnt_root);
  	free_vfsmnt(mnt);
  	deactivate_super(sb);
  }

  static void mntput_no_expire(struct vfsmount *mnt)

  {

  put_again:

  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  	br_read_lock(vfsmount_lock);
  	if (likely(atomic_read(&mnt->mnt_longterm))) {
  		mnt_dec_count(mnt);

  		br_read_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  		return;

  	}

  	br_read_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	mnt_dec_count(mnt);

  	if (mnt_get_count(mnt)) {

  		br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);
  		return;
  	}

  #else

  	mnt_dec_count(mnt);
  	if (likely(mnt_get_count(mnt)))

  		return;

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  #endif

  	if (unlikely(mnt->mnt_pinned)) {
  		mnt_add_count(mnt, mnt->mnt_pinned + 1);
  		mnt->mnt_pinned = 0;
  		br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);
  		acct_auto_close_mnt(mnt);
  		goto put_again;

  	}

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  	mntfree(mnt);
  }

  
  void mntput(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  	if (mnt) {
  		/* avoid cacheline pingpong, hope gcc doesn't get "smart" */
  		if (unlikely(mnt->mnt_expiry_mark))
  			mnt->mnt_expiry_mark = 0;

  		mntput_no_expire(mnt);

  	}
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(mntput);
  
  struct vfsmount *mntget(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  	if (mnt)
  		mnt_inc_count(mnt);
  	return mnt;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(mntget);

  void mnt_pin(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	mnt->mnt_pinned++;

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(mnt_pin);
  
  void mnt_unpin(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	if (mnt->mnt_pinned) {

  		mnt_inc_count(mnt);

  		mnt->mnt_pinned--;
  	}

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(mnt_unpin);

  static inline void mangle(struct seq_file *m, const char *s)
  {
  	seq_escape(m, s, " \t
  \\");
  }
  
  /*
   * Simple .show_options callback for filesystems which don't want to
   * implement more complex mount option showing.
   *
   * See also save_mount_options().
   */
  int generic_show_options(struct seq_file *m, struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	const char *options;
  
  	rcu_read_lock();
  	options = rcu_dereference(mnt->mnt_sb->s_options);

  
  	if (options != NULL && options[0]) {
  		seq_putc(m, ',');
  		mangle(m, options);
  	}

  	rcu_read_unlock();

  
  	return 0;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_show_options);
  
  /*
   * If filesystem uses generic_show_options(), this function should be
   * called from the fill_super() callback.
   *
   * The .remount_fs callback usually needs to be handled in a special
   * way, to make sure, that previous options are not overwritten if the
   * remount fails.
   *
   * Also note, that if the filesystem's .remount_fs function doesn't
   * reset all options to their default value, but changes only newly
   * given options, then the displayed options will not reflect reality
   * any more.
   */
  void save_mount_options(struct super_block *sb, char *options)
  {

  	BUG_ON(sb->s_options);
  	rcu_assign_pointer(sb->s_options, kstrdup(options, GFP_KERNEL));

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(save_mount_options);

  void replace_mount_options(struct super_block *sb, char *options)
  {
  	char *old = sb->s_options;
  	rcu_assign_pointer(sb->s_options, options);
  	if (old) {
  		synchronize_rcu();
  		kfree(old);
  	}
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(replace_mount_options);

  #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS

  /* iterator */
  static void *m_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
  {

  	struct proc_mounts *p = m->private;

  	down_read(&namespace_sem);

  	return seq_list_start(&p->ns->list, *pos);

  }
  
  static void *m_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)
  {

  	struct proc_mounts *p = m->private;

  	return seq_list_next(v, &p->ns->list, pos);

  }
  
  static void m_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
  {

  	up_read(&namespace_sem);

  }

  int mnt_had_events(struct proc_mounts *p)
  {
  	struct mnt_namespace *ns = p->ns;
  	int res = 0;

  	br_read_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	if (p->m.poll_event != ns->event) {
  		p->m.poll_event = ns->event;

  		res = 1;
  	}

  	br_read_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  
  	return res;
  }

  struct proc_fs_info {
  	int flag;
  	const char *str;
  };

  static int show_sb_opts(struct seq_file *m, struct super_block *sb)

  {

  	static const struct proc_fs_info fs_info[] = {

  		{ MS_SYNCHRONOUS, ",sync" },
  		{ MS_DIRSYNC, ",dirsync" },
  		{ MS_MANDLOCK, ",mand" },

  		{ 0, NULL }
  	};

  	const struct proc_fs_info *fs_infop;
  
  	for (fs_infop = fs_info; fs_infop->flag; fs_infop++) {
  		if (sb->s_flags & fs_infop->flag)
  			seq_puts(m, fs_infop->str);
  	}

  
  	return security_sb_show_options(m, sb);

  }
  
  static void show_mnt_opts(struct seq_file *m, struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  	static const struct proc_fs_info mnt_info[] = {

  		{ MNT_NOSUID, ",nosuid" },
  		{ MNT_NODEV, ",nodev" },
  		{ MNT_NOEXEC, ",noexec" },

  		{ MNT_NOATIME, ",noatime" },
  		{ MNT_NODIRATIME, ",nodiratime" },

  		{ MNT_RELATIME, ",relatime" },

  		{ 0, NULL }
  	};

  	const struct proc_fs_info *fs_infop;
  
  	for (fs_infop = mnt_info; fs_infop->flag; fs_infop++) {
  		if (mnt->mnt_flags & fs_infop->flag)
  			seq_puts(m, fs_infop->str);
  	}
  }
  
  static void show_type(struct seq_file *m, struct super_block *sb)
  {
  	mangle(m, sb->s_type->name);
  	if (sb->s_subtype && sb->s_subtype[0]) {
  		seq_putc(m, '.');
  		mangle(m, sb->s_subtype);
  	}
  }
  
  static int show_vfsmnt(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
  {
  	struct vfsmount *mnt = list_entry(v, struct vfsmount, mnt_list);
  	int err = 0;

  	struct path mnt_path = { .dentry = mnt->mnt_root, .mnt = mnt };

  	if (mnt->mnt_sb->s_op->show_devname) {
  		err = mnt->mnt_sb->s_op->show_devname(m, mnt);
  		if (err)
  			goto out;
  	} else {
  		mangle(m, mnt->mnt_devname ? mnt->mnt_devname : "none");
  	}

  	seq_putc(m, ' ');

  	seq_path(m, &mnt_path, " \t
  \\");

  	seq_putc(m, ' ');

  	show_type(m, mnt->mnt_sb);

  	seq_puts(m, __mnt_is_readonly(mnt) ? " ro" : " rw");

  	err = show_sb_opts(m, mnt->mnt_sb);
  	if (err)
  		goto out;

  	show_mnt_opts(m, mnt);

  	if (mnt->mnt_sb->s_op->show_options)
  		err = mnt->mnt_sb->s_op->show_options(m, mnt);
  	seq_puts(m, " 0 0
  ");

  out:

  	return err;
  }

  const struct seq_operations mounts_op = {

  	.start	= m_start,
  	.next	= m_next,
  	.stop	= m_stop,
  	.show	= show_vfsmnt
  };

  static int show_mountinfo(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
  {
  	struct proc_mounts *p = m->private;
  	struct vfsmount *mnt = list_entry(v, struct vfsmount, mnt_list);
  	struct super_block *sb = mnt->mnt_sb;
  	struct path mnt_path = { .dentry = mnt->mnt_root, .mnt = mnt };
  	struct path root = p->root;
  	int err = 0;
  
  	seq_printf(m, "%i %i %u:%u ", mnt->mnt_id, mnt->mnt_parent->mnt_id,
  		   MAJOR(sb->s_dev), MINOR(sb->s_dev));

  	if (sb->s_op->show_path)
  		err = sb->s_op->show_path(m, mnt);
  	else
  		seq_dentry(m, mnt->mnt_root, " \t
  \\");
  	if (err)
  		goto out;

  	seq_putc(m, ' ');
  	seq_path_root(m, &mnt_path, &root, " \t
  \\");
  	if (root.mnt != p->root.mnt || root.dentry != p->root.dentry) {
  		/*
  		 * Mountpoint is outside root, discard that one.  Ugly,
  		 * but less so than trying to do that in iterator in a
  		 * race-free way (due to renames).
  		 */
  		return SEQ_SKIP;
  	}
  	seq_puts(m, mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_READONLY ? " ro" : " rw");
  	show_mnt_opts(m, mnt);
  
  	/* Tagged fields ("foo:X" or "bar") */
  	if (IS_MNT_SHARED(mnt))
  		seq_printf(m, " shared:%i", mnt->mnt_group_id);

  	if (IS_MNT_SLAVE(mnt)) {
  		int master = mnt->mnt_master->mnt_group_id;
  		int dom = get_dominating_id(mnt, &p->root);
  		seq_printf(m, " master:%i", master);
  		if (dom && dom != master)
  			seq_printf(m, " propagate_from:%i", dom);
  	}

  	if (IS_MNT_UNBINDABLE(mnt))
  		seq_puts(m, " unbindable");
  
  	/* Filesystem specific data */
  	seq_puts(m, " - ");
  	show_type(m, sb);
  	seq_putc(m, ' ');

  	if (sb->s_op->show_devname)
  		err = sb->s_op->show_devname(m, mnt);
  	else
  		mangle(m, mnt->mnt_devname ? mnt->mnt_devname : "none");
  	if (err)
  		goto out;

  	seq_puts(m, sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY ? " ro" : " rw");

  	err = show_sb_opts(m, sb);
  	if (err)
  		goto out;

  	if (sb->s_op->show_options)
  		err = sb->s_op->show_options(m, mnt);
  	seq_putc(m, '
  ');

  out:

  	return err;
  }
  
  const struct seq_operations mountinfo_op = {
  	.start	= m_start,
  	.next	= m_next,
  	.stop	= m_stop,
  	.show	= show_mountinfo,
  };

  static int show_vfsstat(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
  {

  	struct vfsmount *mnt = list_entry(v, struct vfsmount, mnt_list);

  	struct path mnt_path = { .dentry = mnt->mnt_root, .mnt = mnt };

  	int err = 0;
  
  	/* device */

  	if (mnt->mnt_sb->s_op->show_devname) {
  		err = mnt->mnt_sb->s_op->show_devname(m, mnt);
  	} else {
  		if (mnt->mnt_devname) {
  			seq_puts(m, "device ");
  			mangle(m, mnt->mnt_devname);
  		} else
  			seq_puts(m, "no device");
  	}

  
  	/* mount point */
  	seq_puts(m, " mounted on ");

  	seq_path(m, &mnt_path, " \t
  \\");

  	seq_putc(m, ' ');
  
  	/* file system type */
  	seq_puts(m, "with fstype ");

  	show_type(m, mnt->mnt_sb);

  
  	/* optional statistics */
  	if (mnt->mnt_sb->s_op->show_stats) {
  		seq_putc(m, ' ');

  		if (!err)
  			err = mnt->mnt_sb->s_op->show_stats(m, mnt);

  	}
  
  	seq_putc(m, '
  ');
  	return err;
  }

  const struct seq_operations mountstats_op = {

  	.start	= m_start,
  	.next	= m_next,
  	.stop	= m_stop,
  	.show	= show_vfsstat,
  };

  #endif  /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */

  /**
   * may_umount_tree - check if a mount tree is busy
   * @mnt: root of mount tree
   *
   * This is called to check if a tree of mounts has any
   * open files, pwds, chroots or sub mounts that are
   * busy.
   */
  int may_umount_tree(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	int actual_refs = 0;
  	int minimum_refs = 0;
  	struct vfsmount *p;

  	/* write lock needed for mnt_get_count */
  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	for (p = mnt; p; p = next_mnt(p, mnt)) {

  		actual_refs += mnt_get_count(p);

  		minimum_refs += 2;

  	}

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  
  	if (actual_refs > minimum_refs)

  		return 0;

  	return 1;

  }
  
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(may_umount_tree);
  
  /**
   * may_umount - check if a mount point is busy
   * @mnt: root of mount
   *
   * This is called to check if a mount point has any
   * open files, pwds, chroots or sub mounts. If the
   * mount has sub mounts this will return busy
   * regardless of whether the sub mounts are busy.
   *
   * Doesn't take quota and stuff into account. IOW, in some cases it will
   * give false negatives. The main reason why it's here is that we need
   * a non-destructive way to look for easily umountable filesystems.
   */
  int may_umount(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {

  	int ret = 1;

  	down_read(&namespace_sem);

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	if (propagate_mount_busy(mnt, 2))

  		ret = 0;

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  	up_read(&namespace_sem);

  	return ret;

  }
  
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(may_umount);

  void release_mounts(struct list_head *head)

  {
  	struct vfsmount *mnt;

  	while (!list_empty(head)) {

  		mnt = list_first_entry(head, struct vfsmount, mnt_hash);

  		list_del_init(&mnt->mnt_hash);
  		if (mnt->mnt_parent != mnt) {
  			struct dentry *dentry;
  			struct vfsmount *m;

  
  			br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  			dentry = mnt->mnt_mountpoint;
  			m = mnt->mnt_parent;
  			mnt->mnt_mountpoint = mnt->mnt_root;
  			mnt->mnt_parent = mnt;

  			m->mnt_ghosts--;

  			br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  			dput(dentry);
  			mntput(m);
  		}

  		mntput(mnt);

  	}
  }

  /*
   * vfsmount lock must be held for write
   * namespace_sem must be held for write
   */

  void umount_tree(struct vfsmount *mnt, int propagate, struct list_head *kill)

  {

  	LIST_HEAD(tmp_list);

  	struct vfsmount *p;

  	for (p = mnt; p; p = next_mnt(p, mnt))

  		list_move(&p->mnt_hash, &tmp_list);

  	if (propagate)

  		propagate_umount(&tmp_list);

  	list_for_each_entry(p, &tmp_list, mnt_hash) {

  		list_del_init(&p->mnt_expire);
  		list_del_init(&p->mnt_list);

  		__touch_mnt_namespace(p->mnt_ns);
  		p->mnt_ns = NULL;

  		__mnt_make_shortterm(p);

  		list_del_init(&p->mnt_child);

  		if (p->mnt_parent != p) {
  			p->mnt_parent->mnt_ghosts++;

  			dentry_reset_mounted(p->mnt_parent, p->mnt_mountpoint);

  		}

  		change_mnt_propagation(p, MS_PRIVATE);

  	}

  	list_splice(&tmp_list, kill);

  }

  static void shrink_submounts(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct list_head *umounts);

  static int do_umount(struct vfsmount *mnt, int flags)
  {

  	struct super_block *sb = mnt->mnt_sb;

  	int retval;

  	LIST_HEAD(umount_list);

  
  	retval = security_sb_umount(mnt, flags);
  	if (retval)
  		return retval;
  
  	/*
  	 * Allow userspace to request a mountpoint be expired rather than
  	 * unmounting unconditionally. Unmount only happens if:
  	 *  (1) the mark is already set (the mark is cleared by mntput())
  	 *  (2) the usage count == 1 [parent vfsmount] + 1 [sys_umount]
  	 */
  	if (flags & MNT_EXPIRE) {

  		if (mnt == current->fs->root.mnt ||

  		    flags & (MNT_FORCE | MNT_DETACH))
  			return -EINVAL;

  		/*
  		 * probably don't strictly need the lock here if we examined
  		 * all race cases, but it's a slowpath.
  		 */
  		br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);
  		if (mnt_get_count(mnt) != 2) {

  			br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  			return -EBUSY;

  		}
  		br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  
  		if (!xchg(&mnt->mnt_expiry_mark, 1))
  			return -EAGAIN;
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * If we may have to abort operations to get out of this
  	 * mount, and they will themselves hold resources we must
  	 * allow the fs to do things. In the Unix tradition of
  	 * 'Gee thats tricky lets do it in userspace' the umount_begin
  	 * might fail to complete on the first run through as other tasks
  	 * must return, and the like. Thats for the mount program to worry
  	 * about for the moment.
  	 */

  	if (flags & MNT_FORCE && sb->s_op->umount_begin) {

  		sb->s_op->umount_begin(sb);

  	}

  
  	/*
  	 * No sense to grab the lock for this test, but test itself looks
  	 * somewhat bogus. Suggestions for better replacement?
  	 * Ho-hum... In principle, we might treat that as umount + switch
  	 * to rootfs. GC would eventually take care of the old vfsmount.
  	 * Actually it makes sense, especially if rootfs would contain a
  	 * /reboot - static binary that would close all descriptors and
  	 * call reboot(9). Then init(8) could umount root and exec /reboot.
  	 */

  	if (mnt == current->fs->root.mnt && !(flags & MNT_DETACH)) {

  		/*
  		 * Special case for "unmounting" root ...
  		 * we just try to remount it readonly.
  		 */
  		down_write(&sb->s_umount);

  		if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY))

  			retval = do_remount_sb(sb, MS_RDONLY, NULL, 0);

  		up_write(&sb->s_umount);
  		return retval;
  	}

  	down_write(&namespace_sem);

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	event++;

  	if (!(flags & MNT_DETACH))
  		shrink_submounts(mnt, &umount_list);

  	retval = -EBUSY;

  	if (flags & MNT_DETACH || !propagate_mount_busy(mnt, 2)) {

  		if (!list_empty(&mnt->mnt_list))

  			umount_tree(mnt, 1, &umount_list);

  		retval = 0;
  	}

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  	up_write(&namespace_sem);

  	release_mounts(&umount_list);

  	return retval;
  }
  
  /*
   * Now umount can handle mount points as well as block devices.
   * This is important for filesystems which use unnamed block devices.
   *
   * We now support a flag for forced unmount like the other 'big iron'
   * unixes. Our API is identical to OSF/1 to avoid making a mess of AMD
   */

  SYSCALL_DEFINE2(umount, char __user *, name, int, flags)

  {

  	struct path path;

  	int retval;

  	int lookup_flags = 0;

  	if (flags & ~(MNT_FORCE | MNT_DETACH | MNT_EXPIRE | UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW))
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (!(flags & UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW))
  		lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_FOLLOW;
  
  	retval = user_path_at(AT_FDCWD, name, lookup_flags, &path);

  	if (retval)
  		goto out;
  	retval = -EINVAL;

  	if (path.dentry != path.mnt->mnt_root)

  		goto dput_and_out;

  	if (!check_mnt(path.mnt))

  		goto dput_and_out;
  
  	retval = -EPERM;
  	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
  		goto dput_and_out;

  	retval = do_umount(path.mnt, flags);

  dput_and_out:

  	/* we mustn't call path_put() as that would clear mnt_expiry_mark */

  	dput(path.dentry);
  	mntput_no_expire(path.mnt);

  out:
  	return retval;
  }
  
  #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_OLDUMOUNT
  
  /*

   *	The 2.0 compatible umount. No flags.

   */

  SYSCALL_DEFINE1(oldumount, char __user *, name)

  {

  	return sys_umount(name, 0);

  }
  
  #endif

  static int mount_is_safe(struct path *path)

  {
  	if (capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
  		return 0;
  	return -EPERM;
  #ifdef notyet

  	if (S_ISLNK(path->dentry->d_inode->i_mode))

  		return -EPERM;

  	if (path->dentry->d_inode->i_mode & S_ISVTX) {

  		if (current_uid() != path->dentry->d_inode->i_uid)

  			return -EPERM;
  	}

  	if (inode_permission(path->dentry->d_inode, MAY_WRITE))

  		return -EPERM;
  	return 0;
  #endif
  }

  struct vfsmount *copy_tree(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry,

  					int flag)

  {
  	struct vfsmount *res, *p, *q, *r, *s;

  	struct path path;

  	if (!(flag & CL_COPY_ALL) && IS_MNT_UNBINDABLE(mnt))
  		return NULL;

  	res = q = clone_mnt(mnt, dentry, flag);

  	if (!q)
  		goto Enomem;
  	q->mnt_mountpoint = mnt->mnt_mountpoint;
  
  	p = mnt;

  	list_for_each_entry(r, &mnt->mnt_mounts, mnt_child) {

  		if (!is_subdir(r->mnt_mountpoint, dentry))

  			continue;
  
  		for (s = r; s; s = next_mnt(s, r)) {

  			if (!(flag & CL_COPY_ALL) && IS_MNT_UNBINDABLE(s)) {
  				s = skip_mnt_tree(s);
  				continue;
  			}

  			while (p != s->mnt_parent) {
  				p = p->mnt_parent;
  				q = q->mnt_parent;
  			}
  			p = s;

  			path.mnt = q;
  			path.dentry = p->mnt_mountpoint;

  			q = clone_mnt(p, p->mnt_root, flag);

  			if (!q)
  				goto Enomem;

  			br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  			list_add_tail(&q->mnt_list, &res->mnt_list);

  			attach_mnt(q, &path);

  			br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  		}
  	}
  	return res;

  Enomem:

  	if (res) {

  		LIST_HEAD(umount_list);

  		br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  		umount_tree(res, 0, &umount_list);

  		br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  		release_mounts(&umount_list);

  	}
  	return NULL;
  }

  struct vfsmount *collect_mounts(struct path *path)

  {
  	struct vfsmount *tree;

  	down_write(&namespace_sem);

  	tree = copy_tree(path->mnt, path->dentry, CL_COPY_ALL | CL_PRIVATE);

  	up_write(&namespace_sem);

  	return tree;
  }
  
  void drop_collected_mounts(struct vfsmount *mnt)
  {
  	LIST_HEAD(umount_list);

  	down_write(&namespace_sem);

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	umount_tree(mnt, 0, &umount_list);

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  	up_write(&namespace_sem);

  	release_mounts(&umount_list);
  }

  int iterate_mounts(int (*f)(struct vfsmount *, void *), void *arg,
  		   struct vfsmount *root)
  {
  	struct vfsmount *mnt;
  	int res = f(root, arg);
  	if (res)
  		return res;
  	list_for_each_entry(mnt, &root->mnt_list, mnt_list) {
  		res = f(mnt, arg);
  		if (res)
  			return res;
  	}
  	return 0;
  }

  static void cleanup_group_ids(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct vfsmount *end)
  {
  	struct vfsmount *p;
  
  	for (p = mnt; p != end; p = next_mnt(p, mnt)) {
  		if (p->mnt_group_id && !IS_MNT_SHARED(p))
  			mnt_release_group_id(p);
  	}
  }
  
  static int invent_group_ids(struct vfsmount *mnt, bool recurse)
  {
  	struct vfsmount *p;
  
  	for (p = mnt; p; p = recurse ? next_mnt(p, mnt) : NULL) {
  		if (!p->mnt_group_id && !IS_MNT_SHARED(p)) {
  			int err = mnt_alloc_group_id(p);
  			if (err) {
  				cleanup_group_ids(mnt, p);
  				return err;
  			}
  		}
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }

  /*
   *  @source_mnt : mount tree to be attached

   *  @nd         : place the mount tree @source_mnt is attached
   *  @parent_nd  : if non-null, detach the source_mnt from its parent and
   *  		   store the parent mount and mountpoint dentry.
   *  		   (done when source_mnt is moved)

   *
   *  NOTE: in the table below explains the semantics when a source mount
   *  of a given type is attached to a destination mount of a given type.

   * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   * |         BIND MOUNT OPERATION                                            |
   * |**************************************************************************
   * | source-->| shared        |       private  |       slave    | unbindable |
   * | dest     |               |                |                |            |
   * |   |      |               |                |                |            |
   * |   v      |               |                |                |            |
   * |**************************************************************************
   * |  shared  | shared (++)   |     shared (+) |     shared(+++)|  invalid   |
   * |          |               |                |                |            |
   * |non-shared| shared (+)    |      private   |      slave (*) |  invalid   |
   * ***************************************************************************

   * A bind operation clones the source mount and mounts the clone on the
   * destination mount.
   *
   * (++)  the cloned mount is propagated to all the mounts in the propagation
   * 	 tree of the destination mount and the cloned mount is added to
   * 	 the peer group of the source mount.
   * (+)   the cloned mount is created under the destination mount and is marked
   *       as shared. The cloned mount is added to the peer group of the source
   *       mount.

   * (+++) the mount is propagated to all the mounts in the propagation tree
   *       of the destination mount and the cloned mount is made slave
   *       of the same master as that of the source mount. The cloned mount
   *       is marked as 'shared and slave'.
   * (*)   the cloned mount is made a slave of the same master as that of the
   * 	 source mount.
   *

   * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   * |         		MOVE MOUNT OPERATION                                 |
   * |**************************************************************************
   * | source-->| shared        |       private  |       slave    | unbindable |
   * | dest     |               |                |                |            |
   * |   |      |               |                |                |            |
   * |   v      |               |                |                |            |
   * |**************************************************************************
   * |  shared  | shared (+)    |     shared (+) |    shared(+++) |  invalid   |
   * |          |               |                |                |            |
   * |non-shared| shared (+*)   |      private   |    slave (*)   | unbindable |
   * ***************************************************************************

   *
   * (+)  the mount is moved to the destination. And is then propagated to
   * 	all the mounts in the propagation tree of the destination mount.

   * (+*)  the mount is moved to the destination.

   * (+++)  the mount is moved to the destination and is then propagated to
   * 	all the mounts belonging to the destination mount's propagation tree.
   * 	the mount is marked as 'shared and slave'.
   * (*)	the mount continues to be a slave at the new location.

   *
   * if the source mount is a tree, the operations explained above is
   * applied to each mount in the tree.
   * Must be called without spinlocks held, since this function can sleep
   * in allocations.
   */
  static int attach_recursive_mnt(struct vfsmount *source_mnt,

  			struct path *path, struct path *parent_path)

  {
  	LIST_HEAD(tree_list);

  	struct vfsmount *dest_mnt = path->mnt;
  	struct dentry *dest_dentry = path->dentry;

  	struct vfsmount *child, *p;

  	int err;

  	if (IS_MNT_SHARED(dest_mnt)) {
  		err = invent_group_ids(source_mnt, true);
  		if (err)
  			goto out;
  	}
  	err = propagate_mnt(dest_mnt, dest_dentry, source_mnt, &tree_list);
  	if (err)
  		goto out_cleanup_ids;

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	if (IS_MNT_SHARED(dest_mnt)) {
  		for (p = source_mnt; p; p = next_mnt(p, source_mnt))
  			set_mnt_shared(p);
  	}

  	if (parent_path) {
  		detach_mnt(source_mnt, parent_path);
  		attach_mnt(source_mnt, path);

  		touch_mnt_namespace(parent_path->mnt->mnt_ns);

  	} else {
  		mnt_set_mountpoint(dest_mnt, dest_dentry, source_mnt);
  		commit_tree(source_mnt);
  	}

  
  	list_for_each_entry_safe(child, p, &tree_list, mnt_hash) {
  		list_del_init(&child->mnt_hash);
  		commit_tree(child);
  	}

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  	return 0;

  
   out_cleanup_ids:
  	if (IS_MNT_SHARED(dest_mnt))
  		cleanup_group_ids(source_mnt, NULL);
   out:
  	return err;

  }

  static int lock_mount(struct path *path)
  {
  	struct vfsmount *mnt;
  retry:
  	mutex_lock(&path->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
  	if (unlikely(cant_mount(path->dentry))) {
  		mutex_unlock(&path->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
  		return -ENOENT;
  	}
  	down_write(&namespace_sem);
  	mnt = lookup_mnt(path);
  	if (likely(!mnt))
  		return 0;
  	up_write(&namespace_sem);
  	mutex_unlock(&path->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
  	path_put(path);
  	path->mnt = mnt;
  	path->dentry = dget(mnt->mnt_root);
  	goto retry;
  }
  
  static void unlock_mount(struct path *path)
  {
  	up_write(&namespace_sem);
  	mutex_unlock(&path->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
  }

  static int graft_tree(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct path *path)

  {

  	if (mnt->mnt_sb->s_flags & MS_NOUSER)
  		return -EINVAL;

  	if (S_ISDIR(path->dentry->d_inode->i_mode) !=

  	      S_ISDIR(mnt->mnt_root->d_inode->i_mode))
  		return -ENOTDIR;

  	if (d_unlinked(path->dentry))
  		return -ENOENT;

  	return attach_recursive_mnt(mnt, path, NULL);

  }
  
  /*

   * Sanity check the flags to change_mnt_propagation.
   */
  
  static int flags_to_propagation_type(int flags)
  {

  	int type = flags & ~(MS_REC | MS_SILENT);

  
  	/* Fail if any non-propagation flags are set */
  	if (type & ~(MS_SHARED | MS_PRIVATE | MS_SLAVE | MS_UNBINDABLE))
  		return 0;
  	/* Only one propagation flag should be set */
  	if (!is_power_of_2(type))
  		return 0;
  	return type;
  }
  
  /*

   * recursively change the type of the mountpoint.
   */

  static int do_change_type(struct path *path, int flag)

  {

  	struct vfsmount *m, *mnt = path->mnt;

  	int recurse = flag & MS_REC;

  	int type;

  	int err = 0;

  	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
  		return -EPERM;

  	if (path->dentry != path->mnt->mnt_root)

  		return -EINVAL;

  	type = flags_to_propagation_type(flag);
  	if (!type)
  		return -EINVAL;

  	down_write(&namespace_sem);

  	if (type == MS_SHARED) {
  		err = invent_group_ids(mnt, recurse);
  		if (err)
  			goto out_unlock;
  	}

  	br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  	for (m = mnt; m; m = (recurse ? next_mnt(m, mnt) : NULL))
  		change_mnt_propagation(m, type);

  	br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  
   out_unlock:

  	up_write(&namespace_sem);

  	return err;

  }
  
  /*

   * do loopback mount.
   */

  static int do_loopback(struct path *path, char *old_name,

  				int recurse)

  {

  	LIST_HEAD(umount_list);

  	struct path old_path;

  	struct vfsmount *mnt = NULL;

  	int err = mount_is_safe(path);

  	if (err)
  		return err;
  	if (!old_name || !*old_name)
  		return -EINVAL;

  	err = kern_path(old_name, LOOKUP_FOLLOW|LOOKUP_AUTOMOUNT, &old_path);

  	if (err)
  		return err;

  	err = lock_mount(path);
  	if (err)
  		goto out;

  	err = -EINVAL;

  	if (IS_MNT_UNBINDABLE(old_path.mnt))

  		goto out2;

  	if (!check_mnt(path->mnt) || !check_mnt(old_path.mnt))

  		goto out2;

  	err = -ENOMEM;
  	if (recurse)

  		mnt = copy_tree(old_path.mnt, old_path.dentry, 0);

  	else

  		mnt = clone_mnt(old_path.mnt, old_path.dentry, 0);

  
  	if (!mnt)

  		goto out2;

  	err = graft_tree(mnt, path);

  	if (err) {

  		br_write_lock(vfsmount_lock);

  		umount_tree(mnt, 0, &umount_list);

  		br_write_unlock(vfsmount_lock);

  	}

  out2:
  	unlock_mount(path);
  	release_mounts(&umount_list);

  out:

  	path_put(&old_path);

  	return err;
  }

  static int change_mount_flags(struct vfsmount *mnt, int ms_flags)
  {
  	int error = 0;
  	int readonly_request = 0;
  
  	if (ms_flags & MS_RDONLY)
  		readonly_request = 1;
  	if (readonly_request == __mnt_is_readonly(mnt))
  		return 0;
  
  	if (readonly_request)
  		error = mnt_make_readonly(mnt);
  	else
  		__mnt_unmake_readonly(mnt);
  	return error;
  }

  /*
   * change filesystem flags. dir should be a physical root of filesystem.
   * If you've mounted a non-root directory somewhere and want to do remount
   * on it - tough luck.
   */

  static int do_remount(struct path *path, int flags, int mnt_flags,

  		      void *data)
  {
  	int err;

  	struct super_block *sb = path->mnt->mnt_sb;

  
  	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
  		return -EPERM;

  	if (!check_mnt(path->mnt))

  		return -EINVAL;

  	if (path->dentry != path->mnt->mnt_root)