==================
  The SMBus Protocol
  ==================

  The following is a summary of the SMBus protocol. It applies to
  all revisions of the protocol (1.0, 1.1, and 2.0).
  Certain protocol features which are not supported by
  this package are briefly described at the end of this document.
  
  Some adapters understand only the SMBus (System Management Bus) protocol,
  which is a subset from the I2C protocol. Fortunately, many devices use
  only the same subset, which makes it possible to put them on an SMBus.

  If you write a driver for some I2C device, please try to use the SMBus
  commands if at all possible (if the device uses only that subset of the
  I2C protocol). This makes it possible to use the device driver on both
  SMBus adapters and I2C adapters (the SMBus command set is automatically
  translated to I2C on I2C adapters, but plain I2C commands can not be
  handled at all on most pure SMBus adapters).

  Below is a list of SMBus protocol operations, and the functions executing
  them.  Note that the names used in the SMBus protocol specifications usually
  don't match these function names.  For some of the operations which pass a
  single data byte, the functions using SMBus protocol operation names execute
  a different protocol operation entirely.

  Each transaction type corresponds to a functionality flag. Before calling a
  transaction function, a device driver should always check (just once) for
  the corresponding functionality flag to ensure that the underlying I2C

  adapter supports the transaction in question. See :doc:`functionality` for
  the details.

  
  Key to symbols
  ==============

  =============== =============================================================

  S               Start condition
  P               Stop condition
  Rd/Wr (1 bit)   Read/Write bit. Rd equals 1, Wr equals 0.

  A, NA (1 bit)   Acknowledge (ACK) and Not Acknowledge (NACK) bit

  Addr  (7 bits)  I2C 7 bit address. Note that this can be expanded as usual to

                  get a 10 bit I2C address.

  Comm  (8 bits)  Command byte, a data byte which often selects a register on

                  the device.

  Data  (8 bits)  A plain data byte. Sometimes, I write DataLow, DataHigh

                  for 16 bit data.

  Count (8 bits)  A data byte containing the length of a block operation.

  [..]            Data sent by I2C device, as opposed to data sent by the host

                  adapter.
  =============== =============================================================

  SMBus Quick Command
  ===================

  This sends a single bit to the device, at the place of the Rd/Wr bit::

    S Addr Rd/Wr [A] P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK

  SMBus Receive Byte
  ==================
  
  Implemented by i2c_smbus_read_byte()

  
  This reads a single byte from a device, without specifying a device
  register. Some devices are so simple that this interface is enough; for
  others, it is a shorthand if you want to read the same register as in

  the previous SMBus command::

    S Addr Rd [A] [Data] NA P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE

  SMBus Send Byte
  ===============
  
  Implemented by i2c_smbus_write_byte()

  This operation is the reverse of Receive Byte: it sends a single byte
  to a device.  See Receive Byte for more information.

  ::
  
    S Addr Wr [A] Data [A] P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE

  SMBus Read Byte
  ===============
  
  Implemented by i2c_smbus_read_byte_data()

  
  This reads a single byte from a device, from a designated register.

  The register is specified through the Comm byte::

    S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] S Addr Rd [A] [Data] NA P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA

  SMBus Read Word
  ===============
  
  Implemented by i2c_smbus_read_word_data()

  This operation is very like Read Byte; again, data is read from a

  device, from a designated register that is specified through the Comm

  byte. But this time, the data is a complete word (16 bits)::

    S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] S Addr Rd [A] [DataLow] A [DataHigh] NA P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA

  Note the convenience function i2c_smbus_read_word_swapped() is

  available for reads where the two data bytes are the other way
  around (not SMBus compliant, but very popular.)

  SMBus Write Byte
  ================
  
  Implemented by i2c_smbus_write_byte_data()

  
  This writes a single byte to a device, to a designated register. The
  register is specified through the Comm byte. This is the opposite of

  the Read Byte operation.

  ::
  
    S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] Data [A] P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA

  SMBus Write Word
  ================
  
  Implemented by i2c_smbus_write_word_data()

  This is the opposite of the Read Word operation. 16 bits

  of data are written to a device, to the designated register that is

  specified through the Comm byte::

    S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] DataLow [A] DataHigh [A] P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA

  Note the convenience function i2c_smbus_write_word_swapped() is

  available for writes where the two data bytes are the other way
  around (not SMBus compliant, but very popular.)

  SMBus Process Call
  ==================

  
  This command selects a device register (through the Comm byte), sends

  16 bits of data to it, and reads 16 bits of data in return::

    S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] DataLow [A] DataHigh [A]
                                 S Addr Rd [A] [DataLow] A [DataHigh] NA P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_PROC_CALL

  SMBus Block Read
  ================
  
  Implemented by i2c_smbus_read_block_data()

  This command reads a block of up to 32 bytes from a device, from a

  designated register that is specified through the Comm byte. The amount
  of data is specified by the device in the Count byte.

  ::
  
    S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A]
               S Addr Rd [A] [Count] A [Data] A [Data] A ... A [Data] NA P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BLOCK_DATA

  SMBus Block Write
  =================
  
  Implemented by i2c_smbus_write_block_data()

  The opposite of the Block Read command, this writes up to 32 bytes to

  a device, to a designated register that is specified through the
  Comm byte. The amount of data is specified in the Count byte.

  ::
  
    S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] Count [A] Data [A] Data [A] ... [A] Data [A] P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BLOCK_DATA

  SMBus Block Write - Block Read Process Call
  ===========================================

  SMBus Block Write - Block Read Process Call was introduced in
  Revision 2.0 of the specification.

  
  This command selects a device register (through the Comm byte), sends

  1 to 31 bytes of data to it, and reads 1 to 31 bytes of data in return::

    S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] Count [A] Data [A] ...
                                 S Addr Rd [A] [Count] A [Data] ... A P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BLOCK_PROC_CALL

  
  SMBus Host Notify
  =================
  
  This command is sent from a SMBus device acting as a master to the
  SMBus host acting as a slave.
  It is the same form as Write Word, with the command code replaced by the
  alerting device's address.

  ::
  
    [S] [HostAddr] [Wr] A [DevAddr] A [DataLow] A [DataHigh] A [P]

  This is implemented in the following way in the Linux kernel:

  * I2C bus drivers which support SMBus Host Notify should report
    I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_HOST_NOTIFY.
  * I2C bus drivers trigger SMBus Host Notify by a call to
    i2c_handle_smbus_host_notify().
  * I2C drivers for devices which can trigger SMBus Host Notify will have
    client->irq assigned to a Host Notify IRQ if noone else specified an other.
  
  There is currently no way to retrieve the data parameter from the client.

  
  Packet Error Checking (PEC)
  ===========================

  Packet Error Checking was introduced in Revision 1.1 of the specification.

  PEC adds a CRC-8 error-checking byte to transfers using it, immediately
  before the terminating STOP.

  
  
  Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
  =================================

  The Address Resolution Protocol was introduced in Revision 2.0 of
  the specification. It is a higher-layer protocol which uses the
  messages above.
  
  ARP adds device enumeration and dynamic address assignment to
  the protocol. All ARP communications use slave address 0x61 and
  require PEC checksums.

  SMBus Alert
  ===========
  
  SMBus Alert was introduced in Revision 1.0 of the specification.
  
  The SMBus alert protocol allows several SMBus slave devices to share a
  single interrupt pin on the SMBus master, while still allowing the master
  to know which slave triggered the interrupt.
  
  This is implemented the following way in the Linux kernel:

  * I2C bus drivers which support SMBus alert should call

    i2c_new_smbus_alert_device() to install SMBus alert support.

  * I2C drivers for devices which can trigger SMBus alerts should implement
    the optional alert() callback.

  I2C Block Transactions
  ======================

  The following I2C block transactions are similar to the SMBus Block Read
  and Write operations, except these do not have a Count byte. They are
  supported by the SMBus layer and are described here for completeness, but
  they are *NOT* defined by the SMBus specification.

  I2C block transactions do not limit the number of bytes transferred
  but the SMBus layer places a limit of 32 bytes.

  I2C Block Read
  ==============
  
  Implemented by i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data()

  This command reads a block of bytes from a device, from a
  designated register that is specified through the Comm byte::

    S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A]
               S Addr Rd [A] [Data] A [Data] A ... A [Data] NA P

  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_I2C_BLOCK

  I2C Block Write
  ===============
  
  Implemented by i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data()

  The opposite of the Block Read command, this writes bytes to

  a device, to a designated register that is specified through the
  Comm byte. Note that command lengths of 0, 2, or more bytes are
  supported as they are indistinguishable from data.

  ::
  
    S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] Data [A] Data [A] ... [A] Data [A] P

  
  Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_I2C_BLOCK