/*

   * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
   * Copyright (C) 1994,      Karl Keyte: Added support for disk statistics
   * Elevator latency, (C) 2000  Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
   * Queue request tables / lock, selectable elevator, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>

   * kernel-doc documentation started by NeilBrown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
   *	-  July2000

   * bio rewrite, highmem i/o, etc, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de> - may 2001
   */
  
  /*
   * This handles all read/write requests to block devices
   */

  #include <linux/kernel.h>
  #include <linux/module.h>
  #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
  #include <linux/bio.h>
  #include <linux/blkdev.h>
  #include <linux/highmem.h>
  #include <linux/mm.h>
  #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
  #include <linux/string.h>
  #include <linux/init.h>

  #include <linux/completion.h>
  #include <linux/slab.h>
  #include <linux/swap.h>
  #include <linux/writeback.h>

  #include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>

  #include <linux/fault-inject.h>

  #include <linux/list_sort.h>

  #include <linux/delay.h>

  
  #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
  #include <trace/events/block.h>

  #include "blk.h"

  EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_remap);

  EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_rq_remap);

  EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_complete);

  /*
   * For the allocated request tables
   */

  static struct kmem_cache *request_cachep;

  
  /*
   * For queue allocation
   */

  struct kmem_cache *blk_requestq_cachep;

  
  /*

   * Controlling structure to kblockd
   */

  static struct workqueue_struct *kblockd_workqueue;

  static void drive_stat_acct(struct request *rq, int new_io)
  {

  	struct hd_struct *part;

  	int rw = rq_data_dir(rq);

  	int cpu;

  	if (!blk_do_io_stat(rq))

  		return;

  	cpu = part_stat_lock();

  	if (!new_io) {
  		part = rq->part;

  		part_stat_inc(cpu, part, merges[rw]);

  	} else {
  		part = disk_map_sector_rcu(rq->rq_disk, blk_rq_pos(rq));

  		if (!hd_struct_try_get(part)) {

  			/*
  			 * The partition is already being removed,
  			 * the request will be accounted on the disk only
  			 *
  			 * We take a reference on disk->part0 although that
  			 * partition will never be deleted, so we can treat
  			 * it as any other partition.
  			 */
  			part = &rq->rq_disk->part0;

  			hd_struct_get(part);

  		}

  		part_round_stats(cpu, part);

  		part_inc_in_flight(part, rw);

  		rq->part = part;

  	}

  	part_stat_unlock();

  }

  void blk_queue_congestion_threshold(struct request_queue *q)

  {
  	int nr;
  
  	nr = q->nr_requests - (q->nr_requests / 8) + 1;
  	if (nr > q->nr_requests)
  		nr = q->nr_requests;
  	q->nr_congestion_on = nr;
  
  	nr = q->nr_requests - (q->nr_requests / 8) - (q->nr_requests / 16) - 1;
  	if (nr < 1)
  		nr = 1;
  	q->nr_congestion_off = nr;
  }

  /**
   * blk_get_backing_dev_info - get the address of a queue's backing_dev_info
   * @bdev:	device
   *
   * Locates the passed device's request queue and returns the address of its
   * backing_dev_info
   *
   * Will return NULL if the request queue cannot be located.
   */
  struct backing_dev_info *blk_get_backing_dev_info(struct block_device *bdev)
  {
  	struct backing_dev_info *ret = NULL;

  	struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);

  
  	if (q)
  		ret = &q->backing_dev_info;
  	return ret;
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_get_backing_dev_info);

  void blk_rq_init(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)

  {

  	memset(rq, 0, sizeof(*rq));

  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rq->queuelist);

  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rq->timeout_list);

  	rq->cpu = -1;

  	rq->q = q;

  	rq->__sector = (sector_t) -1;

  	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&rq->hash);
  	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&rq->rb_node);

  	rq->cmd = rq->__cmd;

  	rq->cmd_len = BLK_MAX_CDB;

  	rq->tag = -1;

  	rq->ref_count = 1;

  	rq->start_time = jiffies;

  	set_start_time_ns(rq);

  	rq->part = NULL;

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_rq_init);

  static void req_bio_endio(struct request *rq, struct bio *bio,
  			  unsigned int nbytes, int error)

  {

  	if (error)
  		clear_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
  	else if (!test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags))
  		error = -EIO;

  	if (unlikely(nbytes > bio->bi_size)) {
  		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: want %u bytes done, %u left
  ",
  		       __func__, nbytes, bio->bi_size);
  		nbytes = bio->bi_size;

  	}

  	if (unlikely(rq->cmd_flags & REQ_QUIET))
  		set_bit(BIO_QUIET, &bio->bi_flags);

  	bio->bi_size -= nbytes;
  	bio->bi_sector += (nbytes >> 9);

  	if (bio_integrity(bio))
  		bio_integrity_advance(bio, nbytes);

  	/* don't actually finish bio if it's part of flush sequence */
  	if (bio->bi_size == 0 && !(rq->cmd_flags & REQ_FLUSH_SEQ))
  		bio_endio(bio, error);

  }

  void blk_dump_rq_flags(struct request *rq, char *msg)
  {
  	int bit;

  	printk(KERN_INFO "%s: dev %s: type=%x, flags=%x
  ", msg,

  		rq->rq_disk ? rq->rq_disk->disk_name : "?", rq->cmd_type,
  		rq->cmd_flags);

  	printk(KERN_INFO "  sector %llu, nr/cnr %u/%u
  ",
  	       (unsigned long long)blk_rq_pos(rq),
  	       blk_rq_sectors(rq), blk_rq_cur_sectors(rq));

  	printk(KERN_INFO "  bio %p, biotail %p, buffer %p, len %u
  ",

  	       rq->bio, rq->biotail, rq->buffer, blk_rq_bytes(rq));

  	if (rq->cmd_type == REQ_TYPE_BLOCK_PC) {

  		printk(KERN_INFO "  cdb: ");

  		for (bit = 0; bit < BLK_MAX_CDB; bit++)

  			printk("%02x ", rq->cmd[bit]);
  		printk("
  ");
  	}
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_dump_rq_flags);

  static void blk_delay_work(struct work_struct *work)

  {

  	struct request_queue *q;

  	q = container_of(work, struct request_queue, delay_work.work);
  	spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);

  	__blk_run_queue(q);

  	spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);

  }

  
  /**

   * blk_delay_queue - restart queueing after defined interval
   * @q:		The &struct request_queue in question
   * @msecs:	Delay in msecs

   *
   * Description:

   *   Sometimes queueing needs to be postponed for a little while, to allow
   *   resources to come back. This function will make sure that queueing is
   *   restarted around the specified time.
   */
  void blk_delay_queue(struct request_queue *q, unsigned long msecs)

  {

  	queue_delayed_work(kblockd_workqueue, &q->delay_work,
  				msecs_to_jiffies(msecs));

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_delay_queue);

  /**
   * blk_start_queue - restart a previously stopped queue

   * @q:    The &struct request_queue in question

   *
   * Description:
   *   blk_start_queue() will clear the stop flag on the queue, and call
   *   the request_fn for the queue if it was in a stopped state when
   *   entered. Also see blk_stop_queue(). Queue lock must be held.
   **/

  void blk_start_queue(struct request_queue *q)

  {

  	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());

  	queue_flag_clear(QUEUE_FLAG_STOPPED, q);

  	__blk_run_queue(q);

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_start_queue);
  
  /**
   * blk_stop_queue - stop a queue

   * @q:    The &struct request_queue in question

   *
   * Description:
   *   The Linux block layer assumes that a block driver will consume all
   *   entries on the request queue when the request_fn strategy is called.
   *   Often this will not happen, because of hardware limitations (queue
   *   depth settings). If a device driver gets a 'queue full' response,
   *   or if it simply chooses not to queue more I/O at one point, it can
   *   call this function to prevent the request_fn from being called until
   *   the driver has signalled it's ready to go again. This happens by calling
   *   blk_start_queue() to restart queue operations. Queue lock must be held.
   **/

  void blk_stop_queue(struct request_queue *q)

  {

  	__cancel_delayed_work(&q->delay_work);

  	queue_flag_set(QUEUE_FLAG_STOPPED, q);

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_stop_queue);
  
  /**
   * blk_sync_queue - cancel any pending callbacks on a queue
   * @q: the queue
   *
   * Description:
   *     The block layer may perform asynchronous callback activity
   *     on a queue, such as calling the unplug function after a timeout.
   *     A block device may call blk_sync_queue to ensure that any
   *     such activity is cancelled, thus allowing it to release resources

   *     that the callbacks might use. The caller must already have made sure

   *     that its ->make_request_fn will not re-add plugging prior to calling
   *     this function.
   *

   *     This function does not cancel any asynchronous activity arising
   *     out of elevator or throttling code. That would require elevaotor_exit()
   *     and blk_throtl_exit() to be called with queue lock initialized.
   *

   */
  void blk_sync_queue(struct request_queue *q)
  {

  	del_timer_sync(&q->timeout);

  	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&q->delay_work);

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_sync_queue);
  
  /**

   * __blk_run_queue - run a single device queue

   * @q:	The queue to run

   *
   * Description:
   *    See @blk_run_queue. This variant must be called with the queue lock

   *    held and interrupts disabled.

   */

  void __blk_run_queue(struct request_queue *q)

  {

  	if (unlikely(blk_queue_stopped(q)))
  		return;

  	q->request_fn(q);

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(__blk_run_queue);

  /**

   * blk_run_queue_async - run a single device queue in workqueue context
   * @q:	The queue to run
   *
   * Description:
   *    Tells kblockd to perform the equivalent of @blk_run_queue on behalf
   *    of us.
   */
  void blk_run_queue_async(struct request_queue *q)
  {

  	if (likely(!blk_queue_stopped(q))) {
  		__cancel_delayed_work(&q->delay_work);

  		queue_delayed_work(kblockd_workqueue, &q->delay_work, 0);

  	}

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_run_queue_async);

  
  /**

   * blk_run_queue - run a single device queue
   * @q: The queue to run

   *
   * Description:
   *    Invoke request handling on this queue, if it has pending work to do.

   *    May be used to restart queueing when a request has completed.

   */
  void blk_run_queue(struct request_queue *q)
  {
  	unsigned long flags;
  
  	spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);

  	__blk_run_queue(q);

  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_run_queue);

  void blk_put_queue(struct request_queue *q)

  {
  	kobject_put(&q->kobj);
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_put_queue);

  /**
   * blk_drain_queue - drain requests from request_queue
   * @q: queue to drain

   * @drain_all: whether to drain all requests or only the ones w/ ELVPRIV

   *

   * Drain requests from @q.  If @drain_all is set, all requests are drained.
   * If not, only ELVPRIV requests are drained.  The caller is responsible
   * for ensuring that no new requests which need to be drained are queued.

   */

  void blk_drain_queue(struct request_queue *q, bool drain_all)

  {
  	while (true) {
  		int nr_rqs;
  
  		spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
  
  		elv_drain_elevator(q);

  		if (drain_all)
  			blk_throtl_drain(q);

  		/*
  		 * This function might be called on a queue which failed
  		 * driver init after queue creation.  Some drivers
  		 * (e.g. fd) get unhappy in such cases.  Kick queue iff
  		 * dispatch queue has something on it.
  		 */
  		if (!list_empty(&q->queue_head))
  			__blk_run_queue(q);

  
  		if (drain_all)
  			nr_rqs = q->rq.count[0] + q->rq.count[1];
  		else
  			nr_rqs = q->rq.elvpriv;

  
  		spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);
  
  		if (!nr_rqs)
  			break;
  		msleep(10);
  	}
  }

  /**
   * blk_cleanup_queue - shutdown a request queue
   * @q: request queue to shutdown
   *
   * Mark @q DEAD, drain all pending requests, destroy and put it.  All
   * future requests will be failed immediately with -ENODEV.

   */

  void blk_cleanup_queue(struct request_queue *q)

  {

  	spinlock_t *lock = q->queue_lock;

  	/* mark @q DEAD, no new request or merges will be allowed afterwards */

  	mutex_lock(&q->sysfs_lock);

  	queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD, q);

  
  	spin_lock_irq(lock);
  	queue_flag_set(QUEUE_FLAG_NOMERGES, q);
  	queue_flag_set(QUEUE_FLAG_NOXMERGES, q);
  	queue_flag_set(QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD, q);

  	if (q->queue_lock != &q->__queue_lock)
  		q->queue_lock = &q->__queue_lock;

  	spin_unlock_irq(lock);
  	mutex_unlock(&q->sysfs_lock);

  	/*
  	 * Drain all requests queued before DEAD marking.  The caller might
  	 * be trying to tear down @q before its elevator is initialized, in
  	 * which case we don't want to call into draining.
  	 */
  	if (q->elevator)
  		blk_drain_queue(q, true);

  
  	/* @q won't process any more request, flush async actions */
  	del_timer_sync(&q->backing_dev_info.laptop_mode_wb_timer);
  	blk_sync_queue(q);
  
  	/* @q is and will stay empty, shutdown and put */

  	blk_put_queue(q);
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_cleanup_queue);

  static int blk_init_free_list(struct request_queue *q)

  {
  	struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;

  	if (unlikely(rl->rq_pool))
  		return 0;

  	rl->count[BLK_RW_SYNC] = rl->count[BLK_RW_ASYNC] = 0;
  	rl->starved[BLK_RW_SYNC] = rl->starved[BLK_RW_ASYNC] = 0;

  	rl->elvpriv = 0;

  	init_waitqueue_head(&rl->wait[BLK_RW_SYNC]);
  	init_waitqueue_head(&rl->wait[BLK_RW_ASYNC]);

  	rl->rq_pool = mempool_create_node(BLKDEV_MIN_RQ, mempool_alloc_slab,
  				mempool_free_slab, request_cachep, q->node);

  
  	if (!rl->rq_pool)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	return 0;
  }

  struct request_queue *blk_alloc_queue(gfp_t gfp_mask)

  {

  	return blk_alloc_queue_node(gfp_mask, -1);
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_alloc_queue);

  struct request_queue *blk_alloc_queue_node(gfp_t gfp_mask, int node_id)

  {

  	struct request_queue *q;

  	int err;

  	q = kmem_cache_alloc_node(blk_requestq_cachep,

  				gfp_mask | __GFP_ZERO, node_id);

  	if (!q)
  		return NULL;

  	q->backing_dev_info.ra_pages =
  			(VM_MAX_READAHEAD * 1024) / PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
  	q->backing_dev_info.state = 0;
  	q->backing_dev_info.capabilities = BDI_CAP_MAP_COPY;

  	q->backing_dev_info.name = "block";

  	q->node = node_id;

  	err = bdi_init(&q->backing_dev_info);
  	if (err) {

  		kmem_cache_free(blk_requestq_cachep, q);

  		return NULL;
  	}

  	if (blk_throtl_init(q)) {
  		kmem_cache_free(blk_requestq_cachep, q);
  		return NULL;
  	}

  	setup_timer(&q->backing_dev_info.laptop_mode_wb_timer,
  		    laptop_mode_timer_fn, (unsigned long) q);

  	setup_timer(&q->timeout, blk_rq_timed_out_timer, (unsigned long) q);
  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->timeout_list);

  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->flush_queue[0]);
  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->flush_queue[1]);
  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->flush_data_in_flight);

  	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&q->delay_work, blk_delay_work);

  	kobject_init(&q->kobj, &blk_queue_ktype);

  	mutex_init(&q->sysfs_lock);

  	spin_lock_init(&q->__queue_lock);

  	/*
  	 * By default initialize queue_lock to internal lock and driver can
  	 * override it later if need be.
  	 */
  	q->queue_lock = &q->__queue_lock;

  	return q;
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_alloc_queue_node);

  
  /**
   * blk_init_queue  - prepare a request queue for use with a block device
   * @rfn:  The function to be called to process requests that have been
   *        placed on the queue.
   * @lock: Request queue spin lock
   *
   * Description:
   *    If a block device wishes to use the standard request handling procedures,
   *    which sorts requests and coalesces adjacent requests, then it must
   *    call blk_init_queue().  The function @rfn will be called when there
   *    are requests on the queue that need to be processed.  If the device
   *    supports plugging, then @rfn may not be called immediately when requests
   *    are available on the queue, but may be called at some time later instead.
   *    Plugged queues are generally unplugged when a buffer belonging to one
   *    of the requests on the queue is needed, or due to memory pressure.
   *
   *    @rfn is not required, or even expected, to remove all requests off the
   *    queue, but only as many as it can handle at a time.  If it does leave
   *    requests on the queue, it is responsible for arranging that the requests
   *    get dealt with eventually.
   *
   *    The queue spin lock must be held while manipulating the requests on the

   *    request queue; this lock will be taken also from interrupt context, so irq
   *    disabling is needed for it.

   *

   *    Function returns a pointer to the initialized request queue, or %NULL if

   *    it didn't succeed.
   *
   * Note:
   *    blk_init_queue() must be paired with a blk_cleanup_queue() call
   *    when the block device is deactivated (such as at module unload).
   **/

  struct request_queue *blk_init_queue(request_fn_proc *rfn, spinlock_t *lock)

  {

  	return blk_init_queue_node(rfn, lock, -1);
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_init_queue);

  struct request_queue *

  blk_init_queue_node(request_fn_proc *rfn, spinlock_t *lock, int node_id)
  {

  	struct request_queue *uninit_q, *q;

  	uninit_q = blk_alloc_queue_node(GFP_KERNEL, node_id);
  	if (!uninit_q)
  		return NULL;

  	q = blk_init_allocated_queue(uninit_q, rfn, lock);

  	if (!q)
  		blk_cleanup_queue(uninit_q);
  
  	return q;

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_init_queue_node);
  
  struct request_queue *
  blk_init_allocated_queue(struct request_queue *q, request_fn_proc *rfn,
  			 spinlock_t *lock)
  {

  	if (!q)
  		return NULL;

  	if (blk_init_free_list(q))

  		return NULL;

  
  	q->request_fn		= rfn;

  	q->prep_rq_fn		= NULL;

  	q->unprep_rq_fn		= NULL;

  	q->queue_flags		= QUEUE_FLAG_DEFAULT;

  
  	/* Override internal queue lock with supplied lock pointer */
  	if (lock)
  		q->queue_lock		= lock;

  	/*
  	 * This also sets hw/phys segments, boundary and size
  	 */

  	blk_queue_make_request(q, blk_queue_bio);

  	q->sg_reserved_size = INT_MAX;

  	/*
  	 * all done
  	 */
  	if (!elevator_init(q, NULL)) {
  		blk_queue_congestion_threshold(q);
  		return q;
  	}

  	return NULL;
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_init_allocated_queue);

  int blk_get_queue(struct request_queue *q)

  {

  	if (likely(!test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD, &q->queue_flags))) {

  		kobject_get(&q->kobj);

  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	return 1;
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_get_queue);

  static inline void blk_free_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)

  {

  	if (rq->cmd_flags & REQ_ELVPRIV)

  		elv_put_request(q, rq);

  	mempool_free(rq, q->rq.rq_pool);
  }

  static struct request *

  blk_alloc_request(struct request_queue *q, unsigned int flags, gfp_t gfp_mask)

  {
  	struct request *rq = mempool_alloc(q->rq.rq_pool, gfp_mask);
  
  	if (!rq)
  		return NULL;

  	blk_rq_init(q, rq);

  	rq->cmd_flags = flags | REQ_ALLOCED;

  	if ((flags & REQ_ELVPRIV) &&
  	    unlikely(elv_set_request(q, rq, gfp_mask))) {
  		mempool_free(rq, q->rq.rq_pool);
  		return NULL;

  	}

  	return rq;

  }
  
  /*
   * ioc_batching returns true if the ioc is a valid batching request and
   * should be given priority access to a request.
   */

  static inline int ioc_batching(struct request_queue *q, struct io_context *ioc)

  {
  	if (!ioc)
  		return 0;
  
  	/*
  	 * Make sure the process is able to allocate at least 1 request
  	 * even if the batch times out, otherwise we could theoretically
  	 * lose wakeups.
  	 */
  	return ioc->nr_batch_requests == q->nr_batching ||
  		(ioc->nr_batch_requests > 0
  		&& time_before(jiffies, ioc->last_waited + BLK_BATCH_TIME));
  }
  
  /*
   * ioc_set_batching sets ioc to be a new "batcher" if it is not one. This
   * will cause the process to be a "batcher" on all queues in the system. This
   * is the behaviour we want though - once it gets a wakeup it should be given
   * a nice run.
   */

  static void ioc_set_batching(struct request_queue *q, struct io_context *ioc)

  {
  	if (!ioc || ioc_batching(q, ioc))
  		return;
  
  	ioc->nr_batch_requests = q->nr_batching;
  	ioc->last_waited = jiffies;
  }

  static void __freed_request(struct request_queue *q, int sync)

  {
  	struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;

  	if (rl->count[sync] < queue_congestion_off_threshold(q))
  		blk_clear_queue_congested(q, sync);

  	if (rl->count[sync] + 1 <= q->nr_requests) {
  		if (waitqueue_active(&rl->wait[sync]))
  			wake_up(&rl->wait[sync]);

  		blk_clear_queue_full(q, sync);

  	}
  }
  
  /*
   * A request has just been released.  Account for it, update the full and
   * congestion status, wake up any waiters.   Called under q->queue_lock.
   */

  static void freed_request(struct request_queue *q, unsigned int flags)

  {
  	struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;

  	int sync = rw_is_sync(flags);

  	rl->count[sync]--;

  	if (flags & REQ_ELVPRIV)

  		rl->elvpriv--;

  	__freed_request(q, sync);

  	if (unlikely(rl->starved[sync ^ 1]))
  		__freed_request(q, sync ^ 1);

  }

  /*

   * Determine if elevator data should be initialized when allocating the
   * request associated with @bio.
   */
  static bool blk_rq_should_init_elevator(struct bio *bio)
  {
  	if (!bio)
  		return true;
  
  	/*
  	 * Flush requests do not use the elevator so skip initialization.
  	 * This allows a request to share the flush and elevator data.
  	 */
  	if (bio->bi_rw & (REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA))
  		return false;
  
  	return true;
  }

  /**
   * get_request - get a free request
   * @q: request_queue to allocate request from
   * @rw_flags: RW and SYNC flags
   * @bio: bio to allocate request for (can be %NULL)
   * @gfp_mask: allocation mask
   *
   * Get a free request from @q.  This function may fail under memory
   * pressure or if @q is dead.
   *
   * Must be callled with @q->queue_lock held and,
   * Returns %NULL on failure, with @q->queue_lock held.
   * Returns !%NULL on success, with @q->queue_lock *not held*.

   */

  static struct request *get_request(struct request_queue *q, int rw_flags,

  				   struct bio *bio, gfp_t gfp_mask)

  {
  	struct request *rq = NULL;
  	struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;

  	struct io_context *ioc = NULL;

  	const bool is_sync = rw_is_sync(rw_flags) != 0;

  	int may_queue;

  	if (unlikely(test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD, &q->queue_flags)))
  		return NULL;

  	may_queue = elv_may_queue(q, rw_flags);

  	if (may_queue == ELV_MQUEUE_NO)
  		goto rq_starved;

  	if (rl->count[is_sync]+1 >= queue_congestion_on_threshold(q)) {
  		if (rl->count[is_sync]+1 >= q->nr_requests) {

  			ioc = current_io_context(GFP_ATOMIC, q->node);

  			/*
  			 * The queue will fill after this allocation, so set
  			 * it as full, and mark this process as "batching".
  			 * This process will be allowed to complete a batch of
  			 * requests, others will be blocked.
  			 */

  			if (!blk_queue_full(q, is_sync)) {

  				ioc_set_batching(q, ioc);

  				blk_set_queue_full(q, is_sync);

  			} else {
  				if (may_queue != ELV_MQUEUE_MUST
  						&& !ioc_batching(q, ioc)) {
  					/*
  					 * The queue is full and the allocating
  					 * process is not a "batcher", and not
  					 * exempted by the IO scheduler
  					 */
  					goto out;
  				}
  			}

  		}

  		blk_set_queue_congested(q, is_sync);

  	}

  	/*
  	 * Only allow batching queuers to allocate up to 50% over the defined
  	 * limit of requests, otherwise we could have thousands of requests
  	 * allocated with any setting of ->nr_requests
  	 */

  	if (rl->count[is_sync] >= (3 * q->nr_requests / 2))

  		goto out;

  	rl->count[is_sync]++;
  	rl->starved[is_sync] = 0;

  	if (blk_rq_should_init_elevator(bio) &&
  	    !test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_ELVSWITCH, &q->queue_flags)) {
  		rw_flags |= REQ_ELVPRIV;
  		rl->elvpriv++;

  	}

  	if (blk_queue_io_stat(q))
  		rw_flags |= REQ_IO_STAT;

  	spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);

  	rq = blk_alloc_request(q, rw_flags, gfp_mask);

  	if (unlikely(!rq)) {

  		/*
  		 * Allocation failed presumably due to memory. Undo anything
  		 * we might have messed up.
  		 *
  		 * Allocating task should really be put onto the front of the
  		 * wait queue, but this is pretty rare.
  		 */
  		spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);

  		freed_request(q, rw_flags);

  
  		/*
  		 * in the very unlikely event that allocation failed and no
  		 * requests for this direction was pending, mark us starved
  		 * so that freeing of a request in the other direction will
  		 * notice us. another possible fix would be to split the
  		 * rq mempool into READ and WRITE
  		 */
  rq_starved:

  		if (unlikely(rl->count[is_sync] == 0))
  			rl->starved[is_sync] = 1;

  		goto out;
  	}

  	/*
  	 * ioc may be NULL here, and ioc_batching will be false. That's
  	 * OK, if the queue is under the request limit then requests need
  	 * not count toward the nr_batch_requests limit. There will always
  	 * be some limit enforced by BLK_BATCH_TIME.
  	 */

  	if (ioc_batching(q, ioc))
  		ioc->nr_batch_requests--;

  	trace_block_getrq(q, bio, rw_flags & 1);

  out:

  	return rq;
  }

  /**
   * get_request_wait - get a free request with retry
   * @q: request_queue to allocate request from
   * @rw_flags: RW and SYNC flags
   * @bio: bio to allocate request for (can be %NULL)
   *
   * Get a free request from @q.  This function keeps retrying under memory
   * pressure and fails iff @q is dead.

   *

   * Must be callled with @q->queue_lock held and,
   * Returns %NULL on failure, with @q->queue_lock held.
   * Returns !%NULL on success, with @q->queue_lock *not held*.

   */

  static struct request *get_request_wait(struct request_queue *q, int rw_flags,

  					struct bio *bio)

  {

  	const bool is_sync = rw_is_sync(rw_flags) != 0;

  	struct request *rq;

  	rq = get_request(q, rw_flags, bio, GFP_NOIO);

  	while (!rq) {
  		DEFINE_WAIT(wait);

  		struct io_context *ioc;

  		struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;

  		if (unlikely(test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD, &q->queue_flags)))
  			return NULL;

  		prepare_to_wait_exclusive(&rl->wait[is_sync], &wait,

  				TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);

  		trace_block_sleeprq(q, bio, rw_flags & 1);

  		spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);
  		io_schedule();

  		/*
  		 * After sleeping, we become a "batching" process and
  		 * will be able to allocate at least one request, and
  		 * up to a big batch of them for a small period time.
  		 * See ioc_batching, ioc_set_batching
  		 */
  		ioc = current_io_context(GFP_NOIO, q->node);
  		ioc_set_batching(q, ioc);

  		spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);

  		finish_wait(&rl->wait[is_sync], &wait);

  
  		rq = get_request(q, rw_flags, bio, GFP_NOIO);
  	};

  
  	return rq;
  }

  struct request *blk_get_request(struct request_queue *q, int rw, gfp_t gfp_mask)

  {
  	struct request *rq;
  
  	BUG_ON(rw != READ && rw != WRITE);

  	spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);

  	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT)

  		rq = get_request_wait(q, rw, NULL);

  	else

  		rq = get_request(q, rw, NULL, gfp_mask);

  	if (!rq)
  		spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);

  	/* q->queue_lock is unlocked at this point */

  
  	return rq;
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_get_request);
  
  /**

   * blk_make_request - given a bio, allocate a corresponding struct request.

   * @q: target request queue

   * @bio:  The bio describing the memory mappings that will be submitted for IO.
   *        It may be a chained-bio properly constructed by block/bio layer.

   * @gfp_mask: gfp flags to be used for memory allocation

   *

   * blk_make_request is the parallel of generic_make_request for BLOCK_PC
   * type commands. Where the struct request needs to be farther initialized by
   * the caller. It is passed a &struct bio, which describes the memory info of
   * the I/O transfer.

   *

   * The caller of blk_make_request must make sure that bi_io_vec
   * are set to describe the memory buffers. That bio_data_dir() will return
   * the needed direction of the request. (And all bio's in the passed bio-chain
   * are properly set accordingly)
   *
   * If called under none-sleepable conditions, mapped bio buffers must not
   * need bouncing, by calling the appropriate masked or flagged allocator,
   * suitable for the target device. Otherwise the call to blk_queue_bounce will
   * BUG.

   *
   * WARNING: When allocating/cloning a bio-chain, careful consideration should be
   * given to how you allocate bios. In particular, you cannot use __GFP_WAIT for
   * anything but the first bio in the chain. Otherwise you risk waiting for IO
   * completion of a bio that hasn't been submitted yet, thus resulting in a
   * deadlock. Alternatively bios should be allocated using bio_kmalloc() instead
   * of bio_alloc(), as that avoids the mempool deadlock.
   * If possible a big IO should be split into smaller parts when allocation
   * fails. Partial allocation should not be an error, or you risk a live-lock.

   */

  struct request *blk_make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio,
  				 gfp_t gfp_mask)

  {

  	struct request *rq = blk_get_request(q, bio_data_dir(bio), gfp_mask);
  
  	if (unlikely(!rq))
  		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
  
  	for_each_bio(bio) {
  		struct bio *bounce_bio = bio;
  		int ret;
  
  		blk_queue_bounce(q, &bounce_bio);
  		ret = blk_rq_append_bio(q, rq, bounce_bio);
  		if (unlikely(ret)) {
  			blk_put_request(rq);
  			return ERR_PTR(ret);
  		}
  	}
  
  	return rq;

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_make_request);

  
  /**

   * blk_requeue_request - put a request back on queue
   * @q:		request queue where request should be inserted
   * @rq:		request to be inserted
   *
   * Description:
   *    Drivers often keep queueing requests until the hardware cannot accept
   *    more, when that condition happens we need to put the request back
   *    on the queue. Must be called with queue lock held.
   */

  void blk_requeue_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)

  {

  	blk_delete_timer(rq);
  	blk_clear_rq_complete(rq);

  	trace_block_rq_requeue(q, rq);

  	if (blk_rq_tagged(rq))
  		blk_queue_end_tag(q, rq);

  	BUG_ON(blk_queued_rq(rq));

  	elv_requeue_request(q, rq);
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_requeue_request);

  static void add_acct_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq,
  			     int where)
  {
  	drive_stat_acct(rq, 1);

  	__elv_add_request(q, rq, where);

  }

  /**

   * blk_insert_request - insert a special request into a request queue

   * @q:		request queue where request should be inserted
   * @rq:		request to be inserted
   * @at_head:	insert request at head or tail of queue
   * @data:	private data

   *
   * Description:
   *    Many block devices need to execute commands asynchronously, so they don't
   *    block the whole kernel from preemption during request execution.  This is
   *    accomplished normally by inserting aritficial requests tagged as

   *    REQ_TYPE_SPECIAL in to the corresponding request queue, and letting them
   *    be scheduled for actual execution by the request queue.

   *
   *    We have the option of inserting the head or the tail of the queue.
   *    Typically we use the tail for new ioctls and so forth.  We use the head
   *    of the queue for things like a QUEUE_FULL message from a device, or a
   *    host that is unable to accept a particular command.
   */

  void blk_insert_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq,

  			int at_head, void *data)

  {

  	int where = at_head ? ELEVATOR_INSERT_FRONT : ELEVATOR_INSERT_BACK;

  	unsigned long flags;
  
  	/*
  	 * tell I/O scheduler that this isn't a regular read/write (ie it
  	 * must not attempt merges on this) and that it acts as a soft
  	 * barrier
  	 */

  	rq->cmd_type = REQ_TYPE_SPECIAL;

  
  	rq->special = data;
  
  	spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
  
  	/*
  	 * If command is tagged, release the tag
  	 */

  	if (blk_rq_tagged(rq))
  		blk_queue_end_tag(q, rq);

  	add_acct_request(q, rq, where);

  	__blk_run_queue(q);

  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_insert_request);

  static void part_round_stats_single(int cpu, struct hd_struct *part,
  				    unsigned long now)
  {
  	if (now == part->stamp)
  		return;

  	if (part_in_flight(part)) {

  		__part_stat_add(cpu, part, time_in_queue,

  				part_in_flight(part) * (now - part->stamp));

  		__part_stat_add(cpu, part, io_ticks, (now - part->stamp));
  	}
  	part->stamp = now;
  }
  
  /**

   * part_round_stats() - Round off the performance stats on a struct disk_stats.
   * @cpu: cpu number for stats access
   * @part: target partition

   *
   * The average IO queue length and utilisation statistics are maintained
   * by observing the current state of the queue length and the amount of
   * time it has been in this state for.
   *
   * Normally, that accounting is done on IO completion, but that can result
   * in more than a second's worth of IO being accounted for within any one
   * second, leading to >100% utilisation.  To deal with that, we call this
   * function to do a round-off before returning the results when reading
   * /proc/diskstats.  This accounts immediately for all queue usage up to
   * the current jiffies and restarts the counters again.
   */

  void part_round_stats(int cpu, struct hd_struct *part)

  {
  	unsigned long now = jiffies;

  	if (part->partno)
  		part_round_stats_single(cpu, &part_to_disk(part)->part0, now);
  	part_round_stats_single(cpu, part, now);

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(part_round_stats);

  /*
   * queue lock must be held
   */

  void __blk_put_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *req)

  {

  	if (unlikely(!q))
  		return;
  	if (unlikely(--req->ref_count))
  		return;

  	elv_completed_request(q, req);

  	/* this is a bio leak */
  	WARN_ON(req->bio != NULL);

  	/*
  	 * Request may not have originated from ll_rw_blk. if not,
  	 * it didn't come out of our reserved rq pools
  	 */

  	if (req->cmd_flags & REQ_ALLOCED) {

  		unsigned int flags = req->cmd_flags;

  		BUG_ON(!list_empty(&req->queuelist));

  		BUG_ON(!hlist_unhashed(&req->hash));

  
  		blk_free_request(q, req);

  		freed_request(q, flags);

  	}
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__blk_put_request);

  void blk_put_request(struct request *req)
  {

  	unsigned long flags;

  	struct request_queue *q = req->q;

  	spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
  	__blk_put_request(q, req);
  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_put_request);

  /**
   * blk_add_request_payload - add a payload to a request
   * @rq: request to update
   * @page: page backing the payload
   * @len: length of the payload.
   *
   * This allows to later add a payload to an already submitted request by
   * a block driver.  The driver needs to take care of freeing the payload
   * itself.
   *
   * Note that this is a quite horrible hack and nothing but handling of
   * discard requests should ever use it.
   */
  void blk_add_request_payload(struct request *rq, struct page *page,
  		unsigned int len)
  {
  	struct bio *bio = rq->bio;
  
  	bio->bi_io_vec->bv_page = page;
  	bio->bi_io_vec->bv_offset = 0;
  	bio->bi_io_vec->bv_len = len;
  
  	bio->bi_size = len;
  	bio->bi_vcnt = 1;
  	bio->bi_phys_segments = 1;
  
  	rq->__data_len = rq->resid_len = len;
  	rq->nr_phys_segments = 1;
  	rq->buffer = bio_data(bio);
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_add_request_payload);

  static bool bio_attempt_back_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct request *req,
  				   struct bio *bio)
  {
  	const int ff = bio->bi_rw & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK;

  	if (!ll_back_merge_fn(q, req, bio))
  		return false;
  
  	trace_block_bio_backmerge(q, bio);
  
  	if ((req->cmd_flags & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK) != ff)
  		blk_rq_set_mixed_merge(req);
  
  	req->biotail->bi_next = bio;
  	req->biotail = bio;
  	req->__data_len += bio->bi_size;
  	req->ioprio = ioprio_best(req->ioprio, bio_prio(bio));
  
  	drive_stat_acct(req, 0);

  	elv_bio_merged(q, req, bio);

  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool bio_attempt_front_merge(struct request_queue *q,
  				    struct request *req, struct bio *bio)
  {
  	const int ff = bio->bi_rw & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK;

  	if (!ll_front_merge_fn(q, req, bio))
  		return false;
  
  	trace_block_bio_frontmerge(q, bio);
  
  	if ((req->cmd_flags & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK) != ff)
  		blk_rq_set_mixed_merge(req);

  	bio->bi_next = req->bio;
  	req->bio = bio;
  
  	/*
  	 * may not be valid. if the low level driver said
  	 * it didn't need a bounce buffer then it better
  	 * not touch req->buffer either...
  	 */
  	req->buffer = bio_data(bio);
  	req->__sector = bio->bi_sector;
  	req->__data_len += bio->bi_size;
  	req->ioprio = ioprio_best(req->ioprio, bio_prio(bio));
  
  	drive_stat_acct(req, 0);

  	elv_bio_merged(q, req, bio);

  	return true;
  }

  /**
   * attempt_plug_merge - try to merge with %current's plugged list
   * @q: request_queue new bio is being queued at
   * @bio: new bio being queued
   * @request_count: out parameter for number of traversed plugged requests
   *
   * Determine whether @bio being queued on @q can be merged with a request
   * on %current's plugged list.  Returns %true if merge was successful,
   * otherwise %false.
   *
   * This function is called without @q->queue_lock; however, elevator is
   * accessed iff there already are requests on the plugged list which in
   * turn guarantees validity of the elevator.
   *
   * Note that, on successful merge, elevator operation
   * elevator_bio_merged_fn() will be called without queue lock.  Elevator
   * must be ready for this.

   */

  static bool attempt_plug_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio,
  			       unsigned int *request_count)

  {
  	struct blk_plug *plug;
  	struct request *rq;
  	bool ret = false;

  	plug = current->plug;

  	if (!plug)
  		goto out;

  	*request_count = 0;

  
  	list_for_each_entry_reverse(rq, &plug->list, queuelist) {
  		int el_ret;

  		(*request_count)++;

  		if (rq->q != q)
  			continue;
  
  		el_ret = elv_try_merge(rq, bio);
  		if (el_ret == ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE) {
  			ret = bio_attempt_back_merge(q, rq, bio);
  			if (ret)
  				break;
  		} else if (el_ret == ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE) {
  			ret = bio_attempt_front_merge(q, rq, bio);
  			if (ret)
  				break;
  		}
  	}
  out:
  	return ret;
  }

  void init_request_from_bio(struct request *req, struct bio *bio)

  {

  	req->cmd_type = REQ_TYPE_FS;

  	req->cmd_flags |= bio->bi_rw & REQ_COMMON_MASK;
  	if (bio->bi_rw & REQ_RAHEAD)

  		req->cmd_flags |= REQ_FAILFAST_MASK;

  	req->errors = 0;

  	req->__sector = bio->bi_sector;

  	req->ioprio = bio_prio(bio);

  	blk_rq_bio_prep(req->q, req, bio);

  }

  void blk_queue_bio(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)

  {

  	const bool sync = !!(bio->bi_rw & REQ_SYNC);

  	struct blk_plug *plug;
  	int el_ret, rw_flags, where = ELEVATOR_INSERT_SORT;
  	struct request *req;

  	unsigned int request_count = 0;

  	/*
  	 * low level driver can indicate that it wants pages above a
  	 * certain limit bounced to low memory (ie for highmem, or even
  	 * ISA dma in theory)
  	 */
  	blk_queue_bounce(q, &bio);

  	if (bio->bi_rw & (REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA)) {

  		spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);

  		where = ELEVATOR_INSERT_FLUSH;

  		goto get_rq;
  	}

  	/*
  	 * Check if we can merge with the plugged list before grabbing
  	 * any locks.
  	 */

  	if (attempt_plug_merge(q, bio, &request_count))

  		return;

  	spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);

  	el_ret = elv_merge(q, &req, bio);
  	if (el_ret == ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE) {

  		if (bio_attempt_back_merge(q, req, bio)) {
  			if (!attempt_back_merge(q, req))
  				elv_merged_request(q, req, el_ret);
  			goto out_unlock;
  		}
  	} else if (el_ret == ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE) {

  		if (bio_attempt_front_merge(q, req, bio)) {
  			if (!attempt_front_merge(q, req))
  				elv_merged_request(q, req, el_ret);
  			goto out_unlock;

  		}

  	}

  get_rq:

  	/*

  	 * This sync check and mask will be re-done in init_request_from_bio(),
  	 * but we need to set it earlier to expose the sync flag to the
  	 * rq allocator and io schedulers.
  	 */
  	rw_flags = bio_data_dir(bio);
  	if (sync)

  		rw_flags |= REQ_SYNC;

  
  	/*

  	 * Grab a free request. This is might sleep but can not fail.

  	 * Returns with the queue unlocked.

  	 */

  	req = get_request_wait(q, rw_flags, bio);

  	if (unlikely(!req)) {
  		bio_endio(bio, -ENODEV);	/* @q is dead */
  		goto out_unlock;
  	}

  	/*
  	 * After dropping the lock and possibly sleeping here, our request
  	 * may now be mergeable after it had proven unmergeable (above).
  	 * We don't worry about that case for efficiency. It won't happen
  	 * often, and the elevators are able to handle it.

  	 */

  	init_request_from_bio(req, bio);

  	if (test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_SAME_COMP, &q->queue_flags))

  		req->cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();

  
  	plug = current->plug;

  	if (plug) {

  		/*
  		 * If this is the first request added after a plug, fire
  		 * of a plug trace. If others have been added before, check
  		 * if we have multiple devices in this plug. If so, make a
  		 * note to sort the list before dispatch.
  		 */
  		if (list_empty(&plug->list))
  			trace_block_plug(q);

  		else {
  			if (!plug->should_sort) {
  				struct request *__rq;

  				__rq = list_entry_rq(plug->list.prev);
  				if (__rq->q != q)
  					plug->should_sort = 1;
  			}

  			if (request_count >= BLK_MAX_REQUEST_COUNT) {

  				blk_flush_plug_list(plug, false);

  				trace_block_plug(q);
  			}

  		}

  		list_add_tail(&req->queuelist, &plug->list);
  		drive_stat_acct(req, 1);
  	} else {
  		spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
  		add_acct_request(q, req, where);

  		__blk_run_queue(q);

  out_unlock:
  		spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);
  	}

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_queue_bio);	/* for device mapper only */

  
  /*
   * If bio->bi_dev is a partition, remap the location
   */
  static inline void blk_partition_remap(struct bio *bio)
  {
  	struct block_device *bdev = bio->bi_bdev;

  	if (bio_sectors(bio) && bdev != bdev->bd_contains) {

  		struct hd_struct *p = bdev->bd_part;

  		bio->bi_sector += p->start_sect;
  		bio->bi_bdev = bdev->bd_contains;

  		trace_block_bio_remap(bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev), bio,
  				      bdev->bd_dev,
  				      bio->bi_sector - p->start_sect);

  	}
  }

  static void handle_bad_sector(struct bio *bio)
  {
  	char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
  
  	printk(KERN_INFO "attempt to access beyond end of device
  ");
  	printk(KERN_INFO "%s: rw=%ld, want=%Lu, limit=%Lu
  ",
  			bdevname(bio->bi_bdev, b),
  			bio->bi_rw,
  			(unsigned long long)bio->bi_sector + bio_sectors(bio),

  			(long long)(i_size_read(bio->bi_bdev->bd_inode) >> 9));

  
  	set_bit(BIO_EOF, &bio->bi_flags);
  }

  #ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
  
  static DECLARE_FAULT_ATTR(fail_make_request);
  
  static int __init setup_fail_make_request(char *str)
  {
  	return setup_fault_attr(&fail_make_request, str);
  }
  __setup("fail_make_request=", setup_fail_make_request);

  static bool should_fail_request(struct hd_struct *part, unsigned int bytes)

  {

  	return part->make_it_fail && should_fail(&fail_make_request, bytes);

  }
  
  static int __init fail_make_request_debugfs(void)
  {

  	struct dentry *dir = fault_create_debugfs_attr("fail_make_request",
  						NULL, &fail_make_request);
  
  	return IS_ERR(dir) ? PTR_ERR(dir) : 0;

  }
  
  late_initcall(fail_make_request_debugfs);
  
  #else /* CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST */

  static inline bool should_fail_request(struct hd_struct *part,
  					unsigned int bytes)

  {

  	return false;

  }
  
  #endif /* CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST */

  /*
   * Check whether this bio extends beyond the end of the device.
   */
  static inline int bio_check_eod(struct bio *bio, unsigned int nr_sectors)
  {
  	sector_t maxsector;
  
  	if (!nr_sectors)
  		return 0;
  
  	/* Test device or partition size, when known. */

  	maxsector = i_size_read(bio->bi_bdev->bd_inode) >> 9;

  	if (maxsector) {
  		sector_t sector = bio->bi_sector;
  
  		if (maxsector < nr_sectors || maxsector - nr_sectors < sector) {
  			/*
  			 * This may well happen - the kernel calls bread()
  			 * without checking the size of the device, e.g., when
  			 * mounting a device.
  			 */
  			handle_bad_sector(bio);
  			return 1;
  		}
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }

  static noinline_for_stack bool
  generic_make_request_checks(struct bio *bio)

  {

  	struct request_queue *q;

  	int nr_sectors = bio_sectors(bio);

  	int err = -EIO;

  	char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
  	struct hd_struct *part;

  
  	might_sleep();

  	if (bio_check_eod(bio, nr_sectors))
  		goto end_io;

  	q = bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev);
  	if (unlikely(!q)) {
  		printk(KERN_ERR
  		       "generic_make_request: Trying to access "
  			"nonexistent block-device %s (%Lu)
  ",
  			bdevname(bio->bi_bdev, b),
  			(long long) bio->bi_sector);
  		goto end_io;
  	}

  	if (unlikely(!(bio->bi_rw & REQ_DISCARD) &&
  		     nr_sectors > queue_max_hw_sectors(q))) {
  		printk(KERN_ERR "bio too big device %s (%u > %u)
  ",
  		       bdevname(bio->bi_bdev, b),
  		       bio_sectors(bio),
  		       queue_max_hw_sectors(q));
  		goto end_io;
  	}

  	part = bio->bi_bdev->bd_part;
  	if (should_fail_request(part, bio->bi_size) ||
  	    should_fail_request(&part_to_disk(part)->part0,
  				bio->bi_size))
  		goto end_io;

  	/*
  	 * If this device has partitions, remap block n
  	 * of partition p to block n+start(p) of the disk.
  	 */
  	blk_partition_remap(bio);

  	if (bio_integrity_enabled(bio) && bio_integrity_prep(bio))
  		goto end_io;

  	if (bio_check_eod(bio, nr_sectors))
  		goto end_io;

  	/*
  	 * Filter flush bio's early so that make_request based
  	 * drivers without flush support don't have to worry
  	 * about them.
  	 */
  	if ((bio->bi_rw & (REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA)) && !q->flush_flags) {
  		bio->bi_rw &= ~(REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA);
  		if (!nr_sectors) {
  			err = 0;

  			goto end_io;
  		}

  	}

  	if ((bio->bi_rw & REQ_DISCARD) &&
  	    (!blk_queue_discard(q) ||
  	     ((bio->bi_rw & REQ_SECURE) &&
  	      !blk_queue_secdiscard(q)))) {
  		err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
  		goto end_io;
  	}

  	if (blk_throtl_bio(q, bio))
  		return false;	/* throttled, will be resubmitted later */

  	trace_block_bio_queue(q, bio);

  	return true;

  
  end_io:
  	bio_endio(bio, err);

  	return false;

  }

  /**
   * generic_make_request - hand a buffer to its device driver for I/O
   * @bio:  The bio describing the location in memory and on the device.
   *
   * generic_make_request() is used to make I/O requests of block
   * devices. It is passed a &struct bio, which describes the I/O that needs
   * to be done.
   *
   * generic_make_request() does not return any status.  The
   * success/failure status of the request, along with notification of
   * completion, is delivered asynchronously through the bio->bi_end_io
   * function described (one day) else where.
   *
   * The caller of generic_make_request must make sure that bi_io_vec
   * are set to describe the memory buffer, and that bi_dev and bi_sector are
   * set to describe the device address, and the
   * bi_end_io and optionally bi_private are set to describe how
   * completion notification should be signaled.
   *
   * generic_make_request and the drivers it calls may use bi_next if this
   * bio happens to be merged with someone else, and may resubmit the bio to
   * a lower device by calling into generic_make_request recursively, which
   * means the bio should NOT be touched after the call to ->make_request_fn.

   */
  void generic_make_request(struct bio *bio)
  {

  	struct bio_list bio_list_on_stack;

  	if (!generic_make_request_checks(bio))
  		return;
  
  	/*
  	 * We only want one ->make_request_fn to be active at a time, else
  	 * stack usage with stacked devices could be a problem.  So use
  	 * current->bio_list to keep a list of requests submited by a
  	 * make_request_fn function.  current->bio_list is also used as a
  	 * flag to say if generic_make_request is currently active in this
  	 * task or not.  If it is NULL, then no make_request is active.  If
  	 * it is non-NULL, then a make_request is active, and new requests
  	 * should be added at the tail
  	 */

  	if (current->bio_list) {

  		bio_list_add(current->bio_list, bio);

  		return;
  	}

  	/* following loop may be a bit non-obvious, and so deserves some
  	 * explanation.
  	 * Before entering the loop, bio->bi_next is NULL (as all callers
  	 * ensure that) so we have a list with a single bio.
  	 * We pretend that we have just taken it off a longer list, so

  	 * we assign bio_list to a pointer to the bio_list_on_stack,
  	 * thus initialising the bio_list of new bios to be

  	 * added.  ->make_request() may indeed add some more bios

  	 * through a recursive call to generic_make_request.  If it
  	 * did, we find a non-NULL value in bio_list and re-enter the loop
  	 * from the top.  In this case we really did just take the bio

  	 * of the top of the list (no pretending) and so remove it from

  	 * bio_list, and call into ->make_request() again.

  	 */
  	BUG_ON(bio->bi_next);

  	bio_list_init(&bio_list_on_stack);
  	current->bio_list = &bio_list_on_stack;

  	do {

  		struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev);
  
  		q->make_request_fn(q, bio);

  		bio = bio_list_pop(current->bio_list);

  	} while (bio);

  	current->bio_list = NULL; /* deactivate */

  }