/*
   *  linux/fs/exec.c
   *
   *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
   */
  
  /*
   * #!-checking implemented by tytso.
   */
  /*
   * Demand-loading implemented 01.12.91 - no need to read anything but
   * the header into memory. The inode of the executable is put into
   * "current->executable", and page faults do the actual loading. Clean.
   *
   * Once more I can proudly say that linux stood up to being changed: it
   * was less than 2 hours work to get demand-loading completely implemented.
   *
   * Demand loading changed July 1993 by Eric Youngdale.   Use mmap instead,
   * current->executable is only used by the procfs.  This allows a dispatch
   * table to check for several different types  of binary formats.  We keep
   * trying until we recognize the file or we run out of supported binary
   * formats. 
   */

  #include <linux/slab.h>
  #include <linux/file.h>

  #include <linux/fdtable.h>

  #include <linux/mm.h>

  #include <linux/stat.h>
  #include <linux/fcntl.h>

  #include <linux/swap.h>

  #include <linux/string.h>

  #include <linux/init.h>

  #include <linux/pagemap.h>

  #include <linux/perf_event.h>

  #include <linux/highmem.h>
  #include <linux/spinlock.h>
  #include <linux/key.h>
  #include <linux/personality.h>
  #include <linux/binfmts.h>

  #include <linux/utsname.h>

  #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>

  #include <linux/module.h>
  #include <linux/namei.h>
  #include <linux/proc_fs.h>

  #include <linux/mount.h>
  #include <linux/security.h>
  #include <linux/syscalls.h>

  #include <linux/tsacct_kern.h>

  #include <linux/cn_proc.h>

  #include <linux/audit.h>

  #include <linux/tracehook.h>

  #include <linux/kmod.h>

  #include <linux/fsnotify.h>

  #include <linux/fs_struct.h>

  #include <linux/pipe_fs_i.h>

  
  #include <asm/uaccess.h>
  #include <asm/mmu_context.h>

  #include <asm/tlb.h>

  #include "internal.h"

  int core_uses_pid;

  char core_pattern[CORENAME_MAX_SIZE] = "core";

  unsigned int core_pipe_limit;

  int suid_dumpable = 0;

  /* The maximal length of core_pattern is also specified in sysctl.c */

  static LIST_HEAD(formats);

  static DEFINE_RWLOCK(binfmt_lock);

  int __register_binfmt(struct linux_binfmt * fmt, int insert)

  {

  	if (!fmt)
  		return -EINVAL;

  	write_lock(&binfmt_lock);

  	insert ? list_add(&fmt->lh, &formats) :
  		 list_add_tail(&fmt->lh, &formats);

  	write_unlock(&binfmt_lock);
  	return 0;	
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(__register_binfmt);

  void unregister_binfmt(struct linux_binfmt * fmt)

  {

  	write_lock(&binfmt_lock);

  	list_del(&fmt->lh);

  	write_unlock(&binfmt_lock);

  }
  
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_binfmt);
  
  static inline void put_binfmt(struct linux_binfmt * fmt)
  {
  	module_put(fmt->module);
  }
  
  /*
   * Note that a shared library must be both readable and executable due to
   * security reasons.
   *
   * Also note that we take the address to load from from the file itself.
   */

  SYSCALL_DEFINE1(uselib, const char __user *, library)

  {

  	struct file *file;

  	char *tmp = getname(library);
  	int error = PTR_ERR(tmp);

  	if (IS_ERR(tmp))
  		goto out;
  
  	file = do_filp_open(AT_FDCWD, tmp,
  				O_LARGEFILE | O_RDONLY | FMODE_EXEC, 0,
  				MAY_READ | MAY_EXEC | MAY_OPEN);
  	putname(tmp);
  	error = PTR_ERR(file);
  	if (IS_ERR(file))

  		goto out;
  
  	error = -EINVAL;

  	if (!S_ISREG(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mode))

  		goto exit;

  	error = -EACCES;

  	if (file->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NOEXEC)

  		goto exit;

  	fsnotify_open(file);

  	error = -ENOEXEC;
  	if(file->f_op) {
  		struct linux_binfmt * fmt;
  
  		read_lock(&binfmt_lock);

  		list_for_each_entry(fmt, &formats, lh) {

  			if (!fmt->load_shlib)
  				continue;
  			if (!try_module_get(fmt->module))
  				continue;
  			read_unlock(&binfmt_lock);
  			error = fmt->load_shlib(file);
  			read_lock(&binfmt_lock);
  			put_binfmt(fmt);
  			if (error != -ENOEXEC)
  				break;
  		}
  		read_unlock(&binfmt_lock);
  	}

  exit:

  	fput(file);
  out:
    	return error;

  }

  #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
  
  static struct page *get_arg_page(struct linux_binprm *bprm, unsigned long pos,
  		int write)
  {
  	struct page *page;
  	int ret;
  
  #ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP
  	if (write) {
  		ret = expand_stack_downwards(bprm->vma, pos);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			return NULL;
  	}
  #endif
  	ret = get_user_pages(current, bprm->mm, pos,
  			1, write, 1, &page, NULL);
  	if (ret <= 0)
  		return NULL;
  
  	if (write) {

  		unsigned long size = bprm->vma->vm_end - bprm->vma->vm_start;

  		struct rlimit *rlim;
  
  		/*
  		 * We've historically supported up to 32 pages (ARG_MAX)
  		 * of argument strings even with small stacks
  		 */
  		if (size <= ARG_MAX)
  			return page;

  
  		/*
  		 * Limit to 1/4-th the stack size for the argv+env strings.
  		 * This ensures that:
  		 *  - the remaining binfmt code will not run out of stack space,
  		 *  - the program will have a reasonable amount of stack left
  		 *    to work from.
  		 */

  		rlim = current->signal->rlim;

  		if (size > ACCESS_ONCE(rlim[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_cur) / 4) {

  			put_page(page);
  			return NULL;
  		}
  	}
  
  	return page;
  }
  
  static void put_arg_page(struct page *page)
  {
  	put_page(page);
  }
  
  static void free_arg_page(struct linux_binprm *bprm, int i)
  {
  }
  
  static void free_arg_pages(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
  {
  }
  
  static void flush_arg_page(struct linux_binprm *bprm, unsigned long pos,
  		struct page *page)
  {
  	flush_cache_page(bprm->vma, pos, page_to_pfn(page));
  }
  
  static int __bprm_mm_init(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
  {

  	int err;

  	struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
  	struct mm_struct *mm = bprm->mm;
  
  	bprm->vma = vma = kmem_cache_zalloc(vm_area_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
  	if (!vma)

  		return -ENOMEM;

  
  	down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
  	vma->vm_mm = mm;
  
  	/*
  	 * Place the stack at the largest stack address the architecture
  	 * supports. Later, we'll move this to an appropriate place. We don't
  	 * use STACK_TOP because that can depend on attributes which aren't
  	 * configured yet.
  	 */

  	BUG_ON(VM_STACK_FLAGS & VM_STACK_INCOMPLETE_SETUP);

  	vma->vm_end = STACK_TOP_MAX;
  	vma->vm_start = vma->vm_end - PAGE_SIZE;

  	vma->vm_flags = VM_STACK_FLAGS | VM_STACK_INCOMPLETE_SETUP;

  	vma->vm_page_prot = vm_get_page_prot(vma->vm_flags);

  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vma->anon_vma_chain);

  	err = insert_vm_struct(mm, vma);

  	if (err)

  		goto err;

  
  	mm->stack_vm = mm->total_vm = 1;
  	up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);

  	bprm->p = vma->vm_end - sizeof(void *);

  	return 0;

  err:

  	up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
  	bprm->vma = NULL;
  	kmem_cache_free(vm_area_cachep, vma);

  	return err;
  }
  
  static bool valid_arg_len(struct linux_binprm *bprm, long len)
  {
  	return len <= MAX_ARG_STRLEN;
  }
  
  #else
  
  static struct page *get_arg_page(struct linux_binprm *bprm, unsigned long pos,
  		int write)
  {
  	struct page *page;
  
  	page = bprm->page[pos / PAGE_SIZE];
  	if (!page && write) {
  		page = alloc_page(GFP_HIGHUSER|__GFP_ZERO);
  		if (!page)
  			return NULL;
  		bprm->page[pos / PAGE_SIZE] = page;
  	}
  
  	return page;
  }
  
  static void put_arg_page(struct page *page)
  {
  }
  
  static void free_arg_page(struct linux_binprm *bprm, int i)
  {
  	if (bprm->page[i]) {
  		__free_page(bprm->page[i]);
  		bprm->page[i] = NULL;
  	}
  }
  
  static void free_arg_pages(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
  {
  	int i;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < MAX_ARG_PAGES; i++)
  		free_arg_page(bprm, i);
  }
  
  static void flush_arg_page(struct linux_binprm *bprm, unsigned long pos,
  		struct page *page)
  {
  }
  
  static int __bprm_mm_init(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
  {
  	bprm->p = PAGE_SIZE * MAX_ARG_PAGES - sizeof(void *);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static bool valid_arg_len(struct linux_binprm *bprm, long len)
  {
  	return len <= bprm->p;
  }
  
  #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
  
  /*
   * Create a new mm_struct and populate it with a temporary stack
   * vm_area_struct.  We don't have enough context at this point to set the stack
   * flags, permissions, and offset, so we use temporary values.  We'll update
   * them later in setup_arg_pages().
   */
  int bprm_mm_init(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
  {
  	int err;
  	struct mm_struct *mm = NULL;
  
  	bprm->mm = mm = mm_alloc();
  	err = -ENOMEM;
  	if (!mm)
  		goto err;
  
  	err = init_new_context(current, mm);
  	if (err)
  		goto err;
  
  	err = __bprm_mm_init(bprm);
  	if (err)
  		goto err;
  
  	return 0;
  
  err:
  	if (mm) {
  		bprm->mm = NULL;
  		mmdrop(mm);
  	}
  
  	return err;
  }

  /*
   * count() counts the number of strings in array ARGV.
   */

  static int count(const char __user * const __user * argv, int max)

  {
  	int i = 0;
  
  	if (argv != NULL) {
  		for (;;) {

  			const char __user * p;

  
  			if (get_user(p, argv))
  				return -EFAULT;
  			if (!p)
  				break;
  			argv++;

  			if (i++ >= max)

  				return -E2BIG;

  
  			if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
  				return -ERESTARTNOHAND;

  			cond_resched();
  		}
  	}
  	return i;
  }
  
  /*

   * 'copy_strings()' copies argument/environment strings from the old
   * processes's memory to the new process's stack.  The call to get_user_pages()
   * ensures the destination page is created and not swapped out.

   */

  static int copy_strings(int argc, const char __user *const __user *argv,

  			struct linux_binprm *bprm)

  {
  	struct page *kmapped_page = NULL;
  	char *kaddr = NULL;

  	unsigned long kpos = 0;

  	int ret;
  
  	while (argc-- > 0) {

  		const char __user *str;

  		int len;
  		unsigned long pos;
  
  		if (get_user(str, argv+argc) ||

  				!(len = strnlen_user(str, MAX_ARG_STRLEN))) {

  			ret = -EFAULT;
  			goto out;
  		}

  		if (!valid_arg_len(bprm, len)) {

  			ret = -E2BIG;
  			goto out;
  		}

  		/* We're going to work our way backwords. */

  		pos = bprm->p;

  		str += len;
  		bprm->p -= len;

  
  		while (len > 0) {

  			int offset, bytes_to_copy;

  			if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
  				ret = -ERESTARTNOHAND;
  				goto out;
  			}

  			cond_resched();

  			offset = pos % PAGE_SIZE;

  			if (offset == 0)
  				offset = PAGE_SIZE;
  
  			bytes_to_copy = offset;
  			if (bytes_to_copy > len)
  				bytes_to_copy = len;
  
  			offset -= bytes_to_copy;
  			pos -= bytes_to_copy;
  			str -= bytes_to_copy;
  			len -= bytes_to_copy;
  
  			if (!kmapped_page || kpos != (pos & PAGE_MASK)) {
  				struct page *page;
  
  				page = get_arg_page(bprm, pos, 1);

  				if (!page) {

  					ret = -E2BIG;

  					goto out;
  				}

  				if (kmapped_page) {
  					flush_kernel_dcache_page(kmapped_page);

  					kunmap(kmapped_page);

  					put_arg_page(kmapped_page);
  				}

  				kmapped_page = page;
  				kaddr = kmap(kmapped_page);

  				kpos = pos & PAGE_MASK;
  				flush_arg_page(bprm, kpos, kmapped_page);

  			}

  			if (copy_from_user(kaddr+offset, str, bytes_to_copy)) {

  				ret = -EFAULT;
  				goto out;
  			}

  		}
  	}
  	ret = 0;
  out:

  	if (kmapped_page) {
  		flush_kernel_dcache_page(kmapped_page);

  		kunmap(kmapped_page);

  		put_arg_page(kmapped_page);
  	}

  	return ret;
  }
  
  /*
   * Like copy_strings, but get argv and its values from kernel memory.
   */

  int copy_strings_kernel(int argc, const char *const *argv,
  			struct linux_binprm *bprm)

  {
  	int r;
  	mm_segment_t oldfs = get_fs();
  	set_fs(KERNEL_DS);

  	r = copy_strings(argc, (const char __user *const  __user *)argv, bprm);

  	set_fs(oldfs);
  	return r;
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(copy_strings_kernel);
  
  #ifdef CONFIG_MMU

  /*

   * During bprm_mm_init(), we create a temporary stack at STACK_TOP_MAX.  Once
   * the binfmt code determines where the new stack should reside, we shift it to
   * its final location.  The process proceeds as follows:

   *

   * 1) Use shift to calculate the new vma endpoints.
   * 2) Extend vma to cover both the old and new ranges.  This ensures the
   *    arguments passed to subsequent functions are consistent.
   * 3) Move vma's page tables to the new range.
   * 4) Free up any cleared pgd range.
   * 5) Shrink the vma to cover only the new range.

   */

  static int shift_arg_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long shift)

  {
  	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;

  	unsigned long old_start = vma->vm_start;
  	unsigned long old_end = vma->vm_end;
  	unsigned long length = old_end - old_start;
  	unsigned long new_start = old_start - shift;
  	unsigned long new_end = old_end - shift;
  	struct mmu_gather *tlb;

  	BUG_ON(new_start > new_end);

  	/*
  	 * ensure there are no vmas between where we want to go
  	 * and where we are
  	 */
  	if (vma != find_vma(mm, new_start))
  		return -EFAULT;
  
  	/*
  	 * cover the whole range: [new_start, old_end)
  	 */

  	if (vma_adjust(vma, new_start, old_end, vma->vm_pgoff, NULL))
  		return -ENOMEM;

  
  	/*
  	 * move the page tables downwards, on failure we rely on
  	 * process cleanup to remove whatever mess we made.
  	 */
  	if (length != move_page_tables(vma, old_start,
  				       vma, new_start, length))
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	lru_add_drain();
  	tlb = tlb_gather_mmu(mm, 0);
  	if (new_end > old_start) {
  		/*
  		 * when the old and new regions overlap clear from new_end.
  		 */

  		free_pgd_range(tlb, new_end, old_end, new_end,

  			vma->vm_next ? vma->vm_next->vm_start : 0);
  	} else {
  		/*
  		 * otherwise, clean from old_start; this is done to not touch
  		 * the address space in [new_end, old_start) some architectures
  		 * have constraints on va-space that make this illegal (IA64) -
  		 * for the others its just a little faster.
  		 */

  		free_pgd_range(tlb, old_start, old_end, new_end,

  			vma->vm_next ? vma->vm_next->vm_start : 0);

  	}

  	tlb_finish_mmu(tlb, new_end, old_end);
  
  	/*

  	 * Shrink the vma to just the new range.  Always succeeds.

  	 */
  	vma_adjust(vma, new_start, new_end, vma->vm_pgoff, NULL);
  
  	return 0;

  }

  /*
   * Finalizes the stack vm_area_struct. The flags and permissions are updated,
   * the stack is optionally relocated, and some extra space is added.
   */

  int setup_arg_pages(struct linux_binprm *bprm,
  		    unsigned long stack_top,
  		    int executable_stack)
  {

  	unsigned long ret;
  	unsigned long stack_shift;

  	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;

  	struct vm_area_struct *vma = bprm->vma;
  	struct vm_area_struct *prev = NULL;
  	unsigned long vm_flags;
  	unsigned long stack_base;

  	unsigned long stack_size;
  	unsigned long stack_expand;
  	unsigned long rlim_stack;

  
  #ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP

  	/* Limit stack size to 1GB */

  	stack_base = rlimit_max(RLIMIT_STACK);

  	if (stack_base > (1 << 30))
  		stack_base = 1 << 30;

  	/* Make sure we didn't let the argument array grow too large. */
  	if (vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start > stack_base)
  		return -ENOMEM;

  	stack_base = PAGE_ALIGN(stack_top - stack_base);

  	stack_shift = vma->vm_start - stack_base;
  	mm->arg_start = bprm->p - stack_shift;
  	bprm->p = vma->vm_end - stack_shift;

  #else

  	stack_top = arch_align_stack(stack_top);
  	stack_top = PAGE_ALIGN(stack_top);

  
  	if (unlikely(stack_top < mmap_min_addr) ||
  	    unlikely(vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start >= stack_top - mmap_min_addr))
  		return -ENOMEM;

  	stack_shift = vma->vm_end - stack_top;
  
  	bprm->p -= stack_shift;

  	mm->arg_start = bprm->p;

  #endif

  	if (bprm->loader)

  		bprm->loader -= stack_shift;
  	bprm->exec -= stack_shift;

  	down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);

  	vm_flags = VM_STACK_FLAGS;

  
  	/*
  	 * Adjust stack execute permissions; explicitly enable for
  	 * EXSTACK_ENABLE_X, disable for EXSTACK_DISABLE_X and leave alone
  	 * (arch default) otherwise.
  	 */
  	if (unlikely(executable_stack == EXSTACK_ENABLE_X))
  		vm_flags |= VM_EXEC;
  	else if (executable_stack == EXSTACK_DISABLE_X)
  		vm_flags &= ~VM_EXEC;
  	vm_flags |= mm->def_flags;

  	vm_flags |= VM_STACK_INCOMPLETE_SETUP;

  
  	ret = mprotect_fixup(vma, &prev, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end,
  			vm_flags);
  	if (ret)
  		goto out_unlock;
  	BUG_ON(prev != vma);
  
  	/* Move stack pages down in memory. */
  	if (stack_shift) {
  		ret = shift_arg_pages(vma, stack_shift);

  		if (ret)
  			goto out_unlock;

  	}

  	/* mprotect_fixup is overkill to remove the temporary stack flags */
  	vma->vm_flags &= ~VM_STACK_INCOMPLETE_SETUP;

  	stack_expand = 131072UL; /* randomly 32*4k (or 2*64k) pages */

  	stack_size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;
  	/*
  	 * Align this down to a page boundary as expand_stack
  	 * will align it up.
  	 */
  	rlim_stack = rlimit(RLIMIT_STACK) & PAGE_MASK;

  #ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP

  	if (stack_size + stack_expand > rlim_stack)
  		stack_base = vma->vm_start + rlim_stack;
  	else
  		stack_base = vma->vm_end + stack_expand;

  #else

  	if (stack_size + stack_expand > rlim_stack)
  		stack_base = vma->vm_end - rlim_stack;
  	else
  		stack_base = vma->vm_start - stack_expand;

  #endif

  	current->mm->start_stack = bprm->p;

  	ret = expand_stack(vma, stack_base);
  	if (ret)
  		ret = -EFAULT;
  
  out_unlock:

  	up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);

  	return ret;

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(setup_arg_pages);

  #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
  
  struct file *open_exec(const char *name)
  {

  	struct file *file;

  	int err;

  	file = do_filp_open(AT_FDCWD, name,
  				O_LARGEFILE | O_RDONLY | FMODE_EXEC, 0,
  				MAY_EXEC | MAY_OPEN);
  	if (IS_ERR(file))

  		goto out;
  
  	err = -EACCES;

  	if (!S_ISREG(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
  		goto exit;

  	if (file->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NOEXEC)
  		goto exit;

  	fsnotify_open(file);

  	err = deny_write_access(file);

  	if (err)
  		goto exit;

  out:

  	return file;

  exit:
  	fput(file);

  	return ERR_PTR(err);
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(open_exec);

  int kernel_read(struct file *file, loff_t offset,
  		char *addr, unsigned long count)

  {
  	mm_segment_t old_fs;
  	loff_t pos = offset;
  	int result;
  
  	old_fs = get_fs();
  	set_fs(get_ds());
  	/* The cast to a user pointer is valid due to the set_fs() */
  	result = vfs_read(file, (void __user *)addr, count, &pos);
  	set_fs(old_fs);
  	return result;
  }
  
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_read);
  
  static int exec_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm)
  {
  	struct task_struct *tsk;
  	struct mm_struct * old_mm, *active_mm;
  
  	/* Notify parent that we're no longer interested in the old VM */
  	tsk = current;
  	old_mm = current->mm;

  	sync_mm_rss(tsk, old_mm);

  	mm_release(tsk, old_mm);
  
  	if (old_mm) {
  		/*
  		 * Make sure that if there is a core dump in progress
  		 * for the old mm, we get out and die instead of going
  		 * through with the exec.  We must hold mmap_sem around

  		 * checking core_state and changing tsk->mm.

  		 */
  		down_read(&old_mm->mmap_sem);

  		if (unlikely(old_mm->core_state)) {

  			up_read(&old_mm->mmap_sem);
  			return -EINTR;
  		}
  	}
  	task_lock(tsk);
  	active_mm = tsk->active_mm;
  	tsk->mm = mm;
  	tsk->active_mm = mm;
  	activate_mm(active_mm, mm);
  	task_unlock(tsk);
  	arch_pick_mmap_layout(mm);
  	if (old_mm) {
  		up_read(&old_mm->mmap_sem);

  		BUG_ON(active_mm != old_mm);

  		mm_update_next_owner(old_mm);

  		mmput(old_mm);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	mmdrop(active_mm);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /*
   * This function makes sure the current process has its own signal table,
   * so that flush_signal_handlers can later reset the handlers without
   * disturbing other processes.  (Other processes might share the signal
   * table via the CLONE_SIGHAND option to clone().)
   */

  static int de_thread(struct task_struct *tsk)

  {
  	struct signal_struct *sig = tsk->signal;

  	struct sighand_struct *oldsighand = tsk->sighand;

  	spinlock_t *lock = &oldsighand->siglock;

  	if (thread_group_empty(tsk))

  		goto no_thread_group;
  
  	/*
  	 * Kill all other threads in the thread group.

  	 */

  	spin_lock_irq(lock);

  	if (signal_group_exit(sig)) {

  		/*
  		 * Another group action in progress, just
  		 * return so that the signal is processed.
  		 */
  		spin_unlock_irq(lock);

  		return -EAGAIN;
  	}

  	sig->group_exit_task = tsk;

  	sig->notify_count = zap_other_threads(tsk);
  	if (!thread_group_leader(tsk))
  		sig->notify_count--;

  	while (sig->notify_count) {

  		__set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
  		spin_unlock_irq(lock);
  		schedule();
  		spin_lock_irq(lock);
  	}

  	spin_unlock_irq(lock);
  
  	/*
  	 * At this point all other threads have exited, all we have to
  	 * do is to wait for the thread group leader to become inactive,
  	 * and to assume its PID:
  	 */

  	if (!thread_group_leader(tsk)) {

  		struct task_struct *leader = tsk->group_leader;

  		sig->notify_count = -1;	/* for exit_notify() */

  		for (;;) {
  			write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
  			if (likely(leader->exit_state))
  				break;
  			__set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
  			write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
  			schedule();
  		}

  		/*
  		 * The only record we have of the real-time age of a
  		 * process, regardless of execs it's done, is start_time.
  		 * All the past CPU time is accumulated in signal_struct
  		 * from sister threads now dead.  But in this non-leader
  		 * exec, nothing survives from the original leader thread,
  		 * whose birth marks the true age of this process now.
  		 * When we take on its identity by switching to its PID, we
  		 * also take its birthdate (always earlier than our own).
  		 */

  		tsk->start_time = leader->start_time;

  		BUG_ON(!same_thread_group(leader, tsk));
  		BUG_ON(has_group_leader_pid(tsk));

  		/*
  		 * An exec() starts a new thread group with the
  		 * TGID of the previous thread group. Rehash the
  		 * two threads with a switched PID, and release
  		 * the former thread group leader:
  		 */

  
  		/* Become a process group leader with the old leader's pid.

  		 * The old leader becomes a thread of the this thread group.
  		 * Note: The old leader also uses this pid until release_task

  		 *       is called.  Odd but simple and correct.
  		 */

  		detach_pid(tsk, PIDTYPE_PID);
  		tsk->pid = leader->pid;

  		attach_pid(tsk, PIDTYPE_PID,  task_pid(leader));

  		transfer_pid(leader, tsk, PIDTYPE_PGID);
  		transfer_pid(leader, tsk, PIDTYPE_SID);

  		list_replace_rcu(&leader->tasks, &tsk->tasks);

  		list_replace_init(&leader->sibling, &tsk->sibling);

  		tsk->group_leader = tsk;
  		leader->group_leader = tsk;

  		tsk->exit_signal = SIGCHLD;

  
  		BUG_ON(leader->exit_state != EXIT_ZOMBIE);
  		leader->exit_state = EXIT_DEAD;

  		write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);

  
  		release_task(leader);

  	}

  	sig->group_exit_task = NULL;
  	sig->notify_count = 0;

  
  no_thread_group:

  	if (current->mm)
  		setmax_mm_hiwater_rss(&sig->maxrss, current->mm);

  	exit_itimers(sig);

  	flush_itimer_signals();

  	if (atomic_read(&oldsighand->count) != 1) {
  		struct sighand_struct *newsighand;

  		/*

  		 * This ->sighand is shared with the CLONE_SIGHAND
  		 * but not CLONE_THREAD task, switch to the new one.

  		 */

  		newsighand = kmem_cache_alloc(sighand_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
  		if (!newsighand)
  			return -ENOMEM;

  		atomic_set(&newsighand->count, 1);
  		memcpy(newsighand->action, oldsighand->action,
  		       sizeof(newsighand->action));
  
  		write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
  		spin_lock(&oldsighand->siglock);

  		rcu_assign_pointer(tsk->sighand, newsighand);

  		spin_unlock(&oldsighand->siglock);
  		write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);

  		__cleanup_sighand(oldsighand);

  	}

  	BUG_ON(!thread_group_leader(tsk));

  	return 0;
  }

  /*
   * These functions flushes out all traces of the currently running executable
   * so that a new one can be started
   */

  static void flush_old_files(struct files_struct * files)

  {
  	long j = -1;

  	struct fdtable *fdt;

  
  	spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
  	for (;;) {
  		unsigned long set, i;
  
  		j++;
  		i = j * __NFDBITS;

  		fdt = files_fdtable(files);

  		if (i >= fdt->max_fds)

  			break;

  		set = fdt->close_on_exec->fds_bits[j];

  		if (!set)
  			continue;

  		fdt->close_on_exec->fds_bits[j] = 0;

  		spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
  		for ( ; set ; i++,set >>= 1) {
  			if (set & 1) {
  				sys_close(i);
  			}
  		}
  		spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
  
  	}
  	spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
  }

  char *get_task_comm(char *buf, struct task_struct *tsk)

  {
  	/* buf must be at least sizeof(tsk->comm) in size */
  	task_lock(tsk);
  	strncpy(buf, tsk->comm, sizeof(tsk->comm));
  	task_unlock(tsk);

  	return buf;

  }
  
  void set_task_comm(struct task_struct *tsk, char *buf)
  {
  	task_lock(tsk);

  
  	/*
  	 * Threads may access current->comm without holding
  	 * the task lock, so write the string carefully.
  	 * Readers without a lock may see incomplete new
  	 * names but are safe from non-terminating string reads.
  	 */
  	memset(tsk->comm, 0, TASK_COMM_LEN);
  	wmb();

  	strlcpy(tsk->comm, buf, sizeof(tsk->comm));
  	task_unlock(tsk);

  	perf_event_comm(tsk);

  }
  
  int flush_old_exec(struct linux_binprm * bprm)
  {

  	int retval;

  
  	/*
  	 * Make sure we have a private signal table and that
  	 * we are unassociated from the previous thread group.
  	 */
  	retval = de_thread(current);
  	if (retval)
  		goto out;

  	set_mm_exe_file(bprm->mm, bprm->file);

  	/*

  	 * Release all of the old mmap stuff
  	 */
  	retval = exec_mmap(bprm->mm);
  	if (retval)

  		goto out;

  
  	bprm->mm = NULL;		/* We're using it now */

  
  	current->flags &= ~PF_RANDOMIZE;
  	flush_thread();
  	current->personality &= ~bprm->per_clear;

  	return 0;
  
  out:
  	return retval;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(flush_old_exec);
  
  void setup_new_exec(struct linux_binprm * bprm)
  {
  	int i, ch;

  	const char *name;

  	char tcomm[sizeof(current->comm)];
  
  	arch_pick_mmap_layout(current->mm);

  
  	/* This is the point of no return */

  	current->sas_ss_sp = current->sas_ss_size = 0;

  	if (current_euid() == current_uid() && current_egid() == current_gid())

  		set_dumpable(current->mm, 1);

  	else

  		set_dumpable(current->mm, suid_dumpable);

  	name = bprm->filename;

  
  	/* Copies the binary name from after last slash */

  	for (i=0; (ch = *(name++)) != '\0';) {
  		if (ch == '/')

  			i = 0; /* overwrite what we wrote */

  		else
  			if (i < (sizeof(tcomm) - 1))
  				tcomm[i++] = ch;
  	}
  	tcomm[i] = '\0';
  	set_task_comm(current, tcomm);

  	/* Set the new mm task size. We have to do that late because it may
  	 * depend on TIF_32BIT which is only updated in flush_thread() on
  	 * some architectures like powerpc
  	 */
  	current->mm->task_size = TASK_SIZE;

  	/* install the new credentials */
  	if (bprm->cred->uid != current_euid() ||
  	    bprm->cred->gid != current_egid()) {

  		current->pdeath_signal = 0;
  	} else if (file_permission(bprm->file, MAY_READ) ||

  		   bprm->interp_flags & BINPRM_FLAGS_ENFORCE_NONDUMP) {

  		set_dumpable(current->mm, suid_dumpable);

  	}

  	/*
  	 * Flush performance counters when crossing a
  	 * security domain:
  	 */
  	if (!get_dumpable(current->mm))

  		perf_event_exit_task(current);

  	/* An exec changes our domain. We are no longer part of the thread
  	   group */
  
  	current->self_exec_id++;
  			
  	flush_signal_handlers(current, 0);
  	flush_old_files(current->files);

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(setup_new_exec);

  /*

   * Prepare credentials and lock ->cred_guard_mutex.
   * install_exec_creds() commits the new creds and drops the lock.
   * Or, if exec fails before, free_bprm() should release ->cred and
   * and unlock.
   */
  int prepare_bprm_creds(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
  {
  	if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&current->cred_guard_mutex))
  		return -ERESTARTNOINTR;
  
  	bprm->cred = prepare_exec_creds();
  	if (likely(bprm->cred))
  		return 0;
  
  	mutex_unlock(&current->cred_guard_mutex);
  	return -ENOMEM;
  }
  
  void free_bprm(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
  {
  	free_arg_pages(bprm);
  	if (bprm->cred) {
  		mutex_unlock(&current->cred_guard_mutex);
  		abort_creds(bprm->cred);
  	}
  	kfree(bprm);
  }
  
  /*

   * install the new credentials for this executable
   */
  void install_exec_creds(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
  {
  	security_bprm_committing_creds(bprm);
  
  	commit_creds(bprm->cred);
  	bprm->cred = NULL;

  	/*
  	 * cred_guard_mutex must be held at least to this point to prevent

  	 * ptrace_attach() from altering our determination of the task's

  	 * credentials; any time after this it may be unlocked.
  	 */

  	security_bprm_committed_creds(bprm);

  	mutex_unlock(&current->cred_guard_mutex);

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(install_exec_creds);
  
  /*
   * determine how safe it is to execute the proposed program

   * - the caller must hold current->cred_guard_mutex to protect against

   *   PTRACE_ATTACH
   */

  int check_unsafe_exec(struct linux_binprm *bprm)

  {

  	struct task_struct *p = current, *t;

  	unsigned n_fs;

  	int res = 0;

  
  	bprm->unsafe = tracehook_unsafe_exec(p);

  	n_fs = 1;

  	spin_lock(&p->fs->lock);

  	rcu_read_lock();

  	for (t = next_thread(p); t != p; t = next_thread(t)) {
  		if (t->fs == p->fs)
  			n_fs++;

  	}

  	rcu_read_unlock();

  	if (p->fs->users > n_fs) {

  		bprm->unsafe |= LSM_UNSAFE_SHARE;

  	} else {

  		res = -EAGAIN;
  		if (!p->fs->in_exec) {
  			p->fs->in_exec = 1;
  			res = 1;
  		}

  	}

  	spin_unlock(&p->fs->lock);

  
  	return res;

  }

  /* 
   * Fill the binprm structure from the inode. 
   * Check permissions, then read the first 128 (BINPRM_BUF_SIZE) bytes

   *
   * This may be called multiple times for binary chains (scripts for example).

   */
  int prepare_binprm(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
  {

  	umode_t mode;

  	struct inode * inode = bprm->file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;

  	int retval;
  
  	mode = inode->i_mode;

  	if (bprm->file->f_op == NULL)
  		return -EACCES;

  	/* clear any previous set[ug]id data from a previous binary */
  	bprm->cred->euid = current_euid();
  	bprm->cred->egid = current_egid();

  	if (!(bprm->file->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NOSUID)) {

  		/* Set-uid? */
  		if (mode & S_ISUID) {

  			bprm->per_clear |= PER_CLEAR_ON_SETID;
  			bprm->cred->euid = inode->i_uid;

  		}
  
  		/* Set-gid? */
  		/*
  		 * If setgid is set but no group execute bit then this
  		 * is a candidate for mandatory locking, not a setgid
  		 * executable.
  		 */
  		if ((mode & (S_ISGID | S_IXGRP)) == (S_ISGID | S_IXGRP)) {

  			bprm->per_clear |= PER_CLEAR_ON_SETID;
  			bprm->cred->egid = inode->i_gid;

  		}
  	}
  
  	/* fill in binprm security blob */

  	retval = security_bprm_set_creds(bprm);

  	if (retval)
  		return retval;

  	bprm->cred_prepared = 1;

  	memset(bprm->buf, 0, BINPRM_BUF_SIZE);
  	return kernel_read(bprm->file, 0, bprm->buf, BINPRM_BUF_SIZE);

  }
  
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(prepare_binprm);

  /*
   * Arguments are '\0' separated strings found at the location bprm->p
   * points to; chop off the first by relocating brpm->p to right after
   * the first '\0' encountered.
   */

  int remove_arg_zero(struct linux_binprm *bprm)

  {

  	int ret = 0;
  	unsigned long offset;
  	char *kaddr;
  	struct page *page;

  	if (!bprm->argc)
  		return 0;

  	do {
  		offset = bprm->p & ~PAGE_MASK;
  		page = get_arg_page(bprm, bprm->p, 0);
  		if (!page) {
  			ret = -EFAULT;
  			goto out;
  		}
  		kaddr = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);

  		for (; offset < PAGE_SIZE && kaddr[offset];
  				offset++, bprm->p++)
  			;

  		kunmap_atomic(kaddr, KM_USER0);
  		put_arg_page(page);

  		if (offset == PAGE_SIZE)
  			free_arg_page(bprm, (bprm->p >> PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
  	} while (offset == PAGE_SIZE);

  	bprm->p++;
  	bprm->argc--;
  	ret = 0;

  out:
  	return ret;

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(remove_arg_zero);
  
  /*
   * cycle the list of binary formats handler, until one recognizes the image
   */
  int search_binary_handler(struct linux_binprm *bprm,struct pt_regs *regs)
  {

  	unsigned int depth = bprm->recursion_depth;

  	int try,retval;
  	struct linux_binfmt *fmt;

  	retval = security_bprm_check(bprm);
  	if (retval)
  		return retval;
  
  	/* kernel module loader fixup */
  	/* so we don't try to load run modprobe in kernel space. */
  	set_fs(USER_DS);

  
  	retval = audit_bprm(bprm);
  	if (retval)
  		return retval;

  	retval = -ENOENT;
  	for (try=0; try<2; try++) {
  		read_lock(&binfmt_lock);

  		list_for_each_entry(fmt, &formats, lh) {

  			int (*fn)(struct linux_binprm *, struct pt_regs *) = fmt->load_binary;
  			if (!fn)
  				continue;
  			if (!try_module_get(fmt->module))
  				continue;
  			read_unlock(&binfmt_lock);
  			retval = fn(bprm, regs);

  			/*
  			 * Restore the depth counter to its starting value
  			 * in this call, so we don't have to rely on every
  			 * load_binary function to restore it on return.
  			 */
  			bprm->recursion_depth = depth;

  			if (retval >= 0) {

  				if (depth == 0)
  					tracehook_report_exec(fmt, bprm, regs);

  				put_binfmt(fmt);
  				allow_write_access(bprm->file);
  				if (bprm->file)
  					fput(bprm->file);
  				bprm->file = NULL;
  				current->did_exec = 1;

  				proc_exec_connector(current);

  				return retval;
  			}
  			read_lock(&binfmt_lock);
  			put_binfmt(fmt);
  			if (retval != -ENOEXEC || bprm->mm == NULL)
  				break;
  			if (!bprm->file) {
  				read_unlock(&binfmt_lock);
  				return retval;
  			}
  		}
  		read_unlock(&binfmt_lock);
  		if (retval != -ENOEXEC || bprm->mm == NULL) {
  			break;

  #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
  		} else {

  #define printable(c) (((c)=='\t') || ((c)=='
  ') || (0x20<=(c) && (c)<=0x7e))
  			if (printable(bprm->buf[0]) &&
  			    printable(bprm->buf[1]) &&
  			    printable(bprm->buf[2]) &&
  			    printable(bprm->buf[3]))
  				break; /* -ENOEXEC */
  			request_module("binfmt-%04x", *(unsigned short *)(&bprm->buf[2]));
  #endif
  		}
  	}
  	return retval;
  }
  
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(search_binary_handler);
  
  /*
   * sys_execve() executes a new program.
   */

  int do_execve(const char * filename,
  	const char __user *const __user *argv,
  	const char __user *const __user *envp,

  	struct pt_regs * regs)
  {
  	struct linux_binprm *bprm;
  	struct file *file;

  	struct files_struct *displaced;

  	bool clear_in_exec;

  	int retval;

  	retval = unshare_files(&displaced);

  	if (retval)
  		goto out_ret;

  	retval = -ENOMEM;

  	bprm = kzalloc(sizeof(*bprm), GFP_KERNEL);

  	if (!bprm)

  		goto out_files;

  	retval = prepare_bprm_creds(bprm);
  	if (retval)

  		goto out_free;

  
  	retval = check_unsafe_exec(bprm);

  	if (retval < 0)

  		goto out_free;

  	clear_in_exec = retval;

  	current->in_execve = 1;

  	file = open_exec(filename);
  	retval = PTR_ERR(file);
  	if (IS_ERR(file))

  		goto out_unmark;

  
  	sched_exec();

  	bprm->file = file;
  	bprm->filename = filename;
  	bprm->interp = filename;

  	retval = bprm_mm_init(bprm);
  	if (retval)
  		goto out_file;

  	bprm->argc = count(argv, MAX_ARG_STRINGS);

  	if ((retval = bprm->argc) < 0)

  		goto out;

  	bprm->envc = count(envp, MAX_ARG_STRINGS);

  	if ((retval = bprm->envc) < 0)

  		goto out;
  
  	retval = prepare_binprm(bprm);
  	if (retval < 0)
  		goto out;
  
  	retval = copy_strings_kernel(1, &bprm->filename, bprm);
  	if (retval < 0)
  		goto out;
  
  	bprm->exec = bprm->p;
  	retval = copy_strings(bprm->envc, envp, bprm);
  	if (retval < 0)
  		goto out;
  
  	retval = copy_strings(bprm->argc, argv, bprm);
  	if (retval < 0)
  		goto out;

  	current->flags &= ~PF_KTHREAD;

  	retval = search_binary_handler(bprm,regs);

  	if (retval < 0)
  		goto out;

  	/* execve succeeded */

  	current->fs->in_exec = 0;

  	current->in_execve = 0;

  	acct_update_integrals(current);
  	free_bprm(bprm);
  	if (displaced)
  		put_files_struct(displaced);
  	return retval;

  out:

  	if (bprm->mm)

  		mmput (bprm->mm);

  
  out_file:
  	if (bprm->file) {
  		allow_write_access(bprm->file);
  		fput(bprm->file);
  	}

  out_unmark:

  	if (clear_in_exec)
  		current->fs->in_exec = 0;

  	current->in_execve = 0;

  
  out_free:

  	free_bprm(bprm);

  out_files:

  	if (displaced)
  		reset_files_struct(displaced);

  out_ret:
  	return retval;
  }

  void set_binfmt(struct linux_binfmt *new)

  {

  	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
  
  	if (mm->binfmt)
  		module_put(mm->binfmt->module);

  	mm->binfmt = new;

  	if (new)
  		__module_get(new->module);

  }
  
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_binfmt);

  /* format_corename will inspect the pattern parameter, and output a
   * name into corename, which must have space for at least
   * CORENAME_MAX_SIZE bytes plus one byte for the zero terminator.
   */

  static int format_corename(char *corename, long signr)

  {

  	const struct cred *cred = current_cred();

  	const char *pat_ptr = core_pattern;
  	int ispipe = (*pat_ptr == '|');

  	char *out_ptr = corename;
  	char *const out_end = corename + CORENAME_MAX_SIZE;
  	int rc;
  	int pid_in_pattern = 0;
  
  	/* Repeat as long as we have more pattern to process and more output
  	   space */
  	while (*pat_ptr) {
  		if (*pat_ptr != '%') {
  			if (out_ptr == out_end)
  				goto out;
  			*out_ptr++ = *pat_ptr++;
  		} else {
  			switch (*++pat_ptr) {
  			case 0:
  				goto out;
  			/* Double percent, output one percent */
  			case '%':
  				if (out_ptr == out_end)
  					goto out;
  				*out_ptr++ = '%';
  				break;
  			/* pid */
  			case 'p':
  				pid_in_pattern = 1;
  				rc = snprintf(out_ptr, out_end - out_ptr,

  					      "%d", task_tgid_vnr(current));

  				if (rc > out_end - out_ptr)
  					goto out;
  				out_ptr += rc;
  				break;
  			/* uid */
  			case 'u':
  				rc = snprintf(out_ptr, out_end - out_ptr,

  					      "%d", cred->uid);

  				if (rc > out_end - out_ptr)
  					goto out;
  				out_ptr += rc;
  				break;
  			/* gid */
  			case 'g':
  				rc = snprintf(out_ptr, out_end - out_ptr,

  					      "%d", cred->gid);

  				if (rc > out_end - out_ptr)
  					goto out;
  				out_ptr += rc;
  				break;
  			/* signal that caused the coredump */
  			case 's':
  				rc = snprintf(out_ptr, out_end - out_ptr,
  					      "%ld", signr);
  				if (rc > out_end - out_ptr)
  					goto out;
  				out_ptr += rc;
  				break;
  			/* UNIX time of coredump */
  			case 't': {
  				struct timeval tv;
  				do_gettimeofday(&tv);
  				rc = snprintf(out_ptr, out_end - out_ptr,
  					      "%lu", tv.tv_sec);
  				if (rc > out_end - out_ptr)
  					goto out;
  				out_ptr += rc;
  				break;
  			}
  			/* hostname */
  			case 'h':
  				down_read(&uts_sem);
  				rc = snprintf(out_ptr, out_end - out_ptr,

  					      "%s", utsname()->nodename);

  				up_read(&uts_sem);
  				if (rc > out_end - out_ptr)
  					goto out;
  				out_ptr += rc;
  				break;
  			/* executable */
  			case 'e':
  				rc = snprintf(out_ptr, out_end - out_ptr,
  					      "%s", current->comm);
  				if (rc > out_end - out_ptr)
  					goto out;
  				out_ptr += rc;
  				break;

  			/* core limit size */
  			case 'c':
  				rc = snprintf(out_ptr, out_end - out_ptr,

  					      "%lu", rlimit(RLIMIT_CORE));

  				if (rc > out_end - out_ptr)
  					goto out;
  				out_ptr += rc;
  				break;

  			default:
  				break;
  			}
  			++pat_ptr;
  		}
  	}
  	/* Backward compatibility with core_uses_pid:
  	 *
  	 * If core_pattern does not include a %p (as is the default)
  	 * and core_uses_pid is set, then .%pid will be appended to

  	 * the filename. Do not do this for piped commands. */

  	if (!ispipe && !pid_in_pattern && core_uses_pid) {

  		rc = snprintf(out_ptr, out_end - out_ptr,

  			      ".%d", task_tgid_vnr(current));

  		if (rc > out_end - out_ptr)
  			goto out;
  		out_ptr += rc;
  	}

  out:

  	*out_ptr = 0;

  	return ispipe;

  }

  static int zap_process(struct task_struct *start, int exit_code)

  {
  	struct task_struct *t;

  	int nr = 0;

  	start->signal->flags = SIGNAL_GROUP_EXIT;

  	start->signal->group_exit_code = exit_code;

  	start->signal->group_stop_count = 0;

  
  	t = start;
  	do {
  		if (t != current && t->mm) {

  			sigaddset(&t->pending.signal, SIGKILL);
  			signal_wake_up(t, 1);

  			nr++;

  		}

  	} while_each_thread(start, t);

  
  	return nr;

  }

  static inline int zap_threads(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,

  				struct core_state *core_state, int exit_code)

  {
  	struct task_struct *g, *p;

  	unsigned long flags;

  	int nr = -EAGAIN;

  
  	spin_lock_irq(&tsk->sighand->siglock);

  	if (!signal_group_exit(tsk->signal)) {

  		mm->core_state = core_state;

  		nr = zap_process(tsk, exit_code);

  	}

  	spin_unlock_irq(&tsk->sighand->siglock);

  	if (unlikely(nr < 0))
  		return nr;

  	if (atomic_read(&mm->mm_users) == nr + 1)

  		goto done;

  	/*
  	 * We should find and kill all tasks which use this mm, and we should

  	 * count them correctly into ->nr_threads. We don't take tasklist

  	 * lock, but this is safe wrt:
  	 *
  	 * fork:
  	 *	None of sub-threads can fork after zap_process(leader). All
  	 *	processes which were created before this point should be
  	 *	visible to zap_threads() because copy_process() adds the new
  	 *	process to the tail of init_task.tasks list, and lock/unlock
  	 *	of ->siglock provides a memory barrier.
  	 *
  	 * do_exit:
  	 *	The caller holds mm->mmap_sem. This means that the task which
  	 *	uses this mm can't pass exit_mm(), so it can't exit or clear
  	 *	its ->mm.
  	 *
  	 * de_thread:
  	 *	It does list_replace_rcu(&leader->tasks, &current->tasks),
  	 *	we must see either old or new leader, this does not matter.
  	 *	However, it can change p->sighand, so lock_task_sighand(p)
  	 *	must be used. Since p->mm != NULL and we hold ->mmap_sem
  	 *	it can't fail.
  	 *
  	 *	Note also that "g" can be the old leader with ->mm == NULL
  	 *	and already unhashed and thus removed from ->thread_group.
  	 *	This is OK, __unhash_process()->list_del_rcu() does not
  	 *	clear the ->next pointer, we will find the new leader via
  	 *	next_thread().
  	 */

  	rcu_read_lock();

  	for_each_process(g) {

  		if (g == tsk->group_leader)
  			continue;

  		if (g->flags & PF_KTHREAD)
  			continue;

  		p = g;
  		do {
  			if (p->mm) {

  				if (unlikely(p->mm == mm)) {

  					lock_task_sighand(p, &flags);

  					nr += zap_process(p, exit_code);

  					unlock_task_sighand(p, &flags);
  				}

  				break;
  			}

  		} while_each_thread(g, p);

  	}

  	rcu_read_unlock();

  done:

  	atomic_set(&core_state->nr_threads, nr);

  	return nr;

  }

  static int coredump_wait(int exit_code, struct core_state *core_state)

  {

  	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
  	struct mm_struct *mm = tsk->mm;

  	struct completion *vfork_done;

  	int core_waiters = -EBUSY;

  	init_completion(&core_state->startup);

  	core_state->dumper.task = tsk;
  	core_state->dumper.next = NULL;

  
  	down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
  	if (!mm->core_state)
  		core_waiters = zap_threads(tsk, mm, core_state, exit_code);

  	up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);

  	if (unlikely(core_waiters < 0))
  		goto fail;
  
  	/*
  	 * Make sure nobody is waiting for us to release the VM,
  	 * otherwise we can deadlock when we wait on each other
  	 */
  	vfork_done = tsk->vfork_done;
  	if (vfork_done) {
  		tsk->vfork_done = NULL;
  		complete(vfork_done);
  	}

  	if (core_waiters)

  		wait_for_completion(&core_state->startup);

  fail:

  	return core_waiters;

  }

  static void coredump_finish(struct mm_struct *mm)
  {
  	struct core_thread *curr, *next;
  	struct task_struct *task;
  
  	next = mm->core_state->dumper.next;
  	while ((curr = next) != NULL) {
  		next = curr->next;
  		task = curr->task;
  		/*
  		 * see exit_mm(), curr->task must not see
  		 * ->task == NULL before we read ->next.
  		 */
  		smp_mb();
  		curr->task = NULL;
  		wake_up_process(task);
  	}
  
  	mm->core_state = NULL;
  }

  /*
   * set_dumpable converts traditional three-value dumpable to two flags and
   * stores them into mm->flags.  It modifies lower two bits of mm->flags, but
   * these bits are not changed atomically.  So get_dumpable can observe the
   * intermediate state.  To avoid doing unexpected behavior, get get_dumpable
   * return either old dumpable or new one by paying attention to the order of
   * modifying the bits.
   *
   * dumpable |   mm->flags (binary)
   * old  new | initial interim  final
   * ---------+-----------------------
   *  0    1  |   00      01      01
   *  0    2  |   00      10(*)   11
   *  1    0  |   01      00      00
   *  1    2  |   01      11      11
   *  2    0  |   11      10(*)   00
   *  2    1  |   11      11      01
   *
   * (*) get_dumpable regards interim value of 10 as 11.
   */
  void set_dumpable(struct mm_struct *mm, int value)
  {
  	switch (value) {
  	case 0:
  		clear_bit(MMF_DUMPABLE, &mm->flags);
  		smp_wmb();
  		clear_bit(MMF_DUMP_SECURELY, &mm->flags);
  		break;
  	case 1:
  		set_bit(MMF_DUMPABLE, &mm->flags);
  		smp_wmb();
  		clear_bit(MMF_DUMP_SECURELY, &mm->flags);
  		break;
  	case 2:
  		set_bit(MMF_DUMP_SECURELY, &mm->flags);
  		smp_wmb();
  		set_bit(MMF_DUMPABLE, &mm->flags);
  		break;
  	}
  }

  static int __get_dumpable(unsigned long mm_flags)

  {
  	int ret;

  	ret = mm_flags & MMF_DUMPABLE_MASK;

  	return (ret >= 2) ? 2 : ret;
  }

  int get_dumpable(struct mm_struct *mm)
  {
  	return __get_dumpable(mm->flags);
  }

  static void wait_for_dump_helpers(struct file *file)
  {
  	struct pipe_inode_info *pipe;
  
  	pipe = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_pipe;
  
  	pipe_lock(pipe);
  	pipe->readers++;
  	pipe->writers--;
  
  	while ((pipe->readers > 1) && (!signal_pending(current))) {
  		wake_up_interruptible_sync(&pipe->wait);
  		kill_fasync(&pipe->fasync_readers, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
  		pipe_wait(pipe);
  	}
  
  	pipe->readers--;
  	pipe->writers++;
  	pipe_unlock(pipe);
  
  }

  /*
   * uhm_pipe_setup
   * helper function to customize the process used
   * to collect the core in userspace.  Specifically
   * it sets up a pipe and installs it as fd 0 (stdin)
   * for the process.  Returns 0 on success, or
   * PTR_ERR on failure.
   * Note that it also sets the core limit to 1.  This
   * is a special value that we use to trap recursive
   * core dumps
   */
  static int umh_pipe_setup(struct subprocess_info *info)
  {
  	struct file *rp, *wp;
  	struct fdtable *fdt;
  	struct coredump_params *cp = (struct coredump_params *)info->data;
  	struct files_struct *cf = current->files;
  
  	wp = create_write_pipe(0);
  	if (IS_ERR(wp))
  		return PTR_ERR(wp);
  
  	rp = create_read_pipe(wp, 0);
  	if (IS_ERR(rp)) {
  		free_write_pipe(wp);
  		return PTR_ERR(rp);
  	}
  
  	cp->file = wp;
  
  	sys_close(0);
  	fd_install(0, rp);
  	spin_lock(&cf->file_lock);
  	fdt = files_fdtable(cf);
  	FD_SET(0, fdt->open_fds);
  	FD_CLR(0, fdt->close_on_exec);
  	spin_unlock(&cf->file_lock);
  
  	/* and disallow core files too */
  	current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_CORE] = (struct rlimit){1, 1};
  
  	return 0;
  }

  void do_coredump(long signr, int exit_code, struct pt_regs *regs)

  {

  	struct core_state core_state;

  	char corename[CORENAME_MAX_SIZE + 1];
  	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
  	struct linux_binfmt * binfmt;

  	const struct cred *old_cred;
  	struct cred *cred;

  	int retval = 0;

  	int flag = 0;

  	int ispipe;

  	static atomic_t core_dump_count = ATOMIC_INIT(0);

  	struct coredump_params cprm = {
  		.signr = signr,
  		.regs = regs,

  		.limit = rlimit(RLIMIT_CORE),

  		/*
  		 * We must use the same mm->flags while dumping core to avoid
  		 * inconsistency of bit flags, since this flag is not protected
  		 * by any locks.
  		 */
  		.mm_flags = mm->flags,

  	};

  	audit_core_dumps(signr);

  	binfmt = mm->binfmt;

  	if (!binfmt || !binfmt->core_dump)
  		goto fail;

  	if (!__get_dumpable(cprm.mm_flags))
  		goto fail;

  
  	cred = prepare_creds();

  	if (!cred)

  		goto fail;

  	/*
  	 *	We cannot trust fsuid as being the "true" uid of the
  	 *	process nor do we know its entire history. We only know it
  	 *	was tainted so we dump it as root in mode 2.
  	 */

  	if (__get_dumpable(cprm.mm_flags) == 2) {
  		/* Setuid core dump mode */

  		flag = O_EXCL;		/* Stop rewrite attacks */

  		cred->fsuid = 0;	/* Dump root private */

  	}

  	retval = coredump_wait(exit_code, &core_state);

  	if (retval < 0)
  		goto fail_creds;

  
  	old_cred = override_creds(cred);

  
  	/*
  	 * Clear any false indication of pending signals that might
  	 * be seen by the filesystem code called to write the core file.
  	 */

  	clear_thread_flag(TIF_SIGPENDING);

  	ispipe = format_corename(corename, signr);

   	if (ispipe) {

  		int dump_count;
  		char **helper_argv;