PXA2xx SPI on SSP driver HOWTO

  ===================================================
  This a mini howto on the pxa2xx_spi driver.  The driver turns a PXA2xx
  synchronous serial port into a SPI master controller

  (see Documentation/spi/spi-summary). The driver has the following features

  
  - Support for any PXA2xx SSP
  - SSP PIO and SSP DMA data transfers.
  - External and Internal (SSPFRM) chip selects.
  - Per slave device (chip) configuration.
  - Full suspend, freeze, resume support.
  
  The driver is built around a "spi_message" fifo serviced by workqueue and a
  tasklet. The workqueue, "pump_messages", drives message fifo and the tasklet
  (pump_transfer) is responsible for queuing SPI transactions and setting up and
  launching the dma/interrupt driven transfers.
  
  Declaring PXA2xx Master Controllers
  -----------------------------------
  Typically a SPI master is defined in the arch/.../mach-*/board-*.c as a
  "platform device".  The master configuration is passed to the driver via a table

  found in include/linux/spi/pxa2xx_spi.h:

  
  struct pxa2xx_spi_master {

  	u32 clock_enable;
  	u16 num_chipselect;
  	u8 enable_dma;
  };

  The "pxa2xx_spi_master.clock_enable" field is used to enable/disable the
  corresponding SSP peripheral block in the "Clock Enable Register (CKEN"). See
  the "PXA2xx Developer Manual" section "Clocks and Power Management".
  
  The "pxa2xx_spi_master.num_chipselect" field is used to determine the number of
  slave device (chips) attached to this SPI master.
  
  The "pxa2xx_spi_master.enable_dma" field informs the driver that SSP DMA should
  be used.  This caused the driver to acquire two DMA channels: rx_channel and
  tx_channel.  The rx_channel has a higher DMA service priority the tx_channel.
  See the "PXA2xx Developer Manual" section "DMA Controller".
  
  NSSP MASTER SAMPLE
  ------------------
  Below is a sample configuration using the PXA255 NSSP.
  
  static struct resource pxa_spi_nssp_resources[] = {
  	[0] = {
  		.start	= __PREG(SSCR0_P(2)), /* Start address of NSSP */
  		.end	= __PREG(SSCR0_P(2)) + 0x2c, /* Range of registers */
  		.flags	= IORESOURCE_MEM,
  	},
  	[1] = {
  		.start	= IRQ_NSSP, /* NSSP IRQ */
  		.end	= IRQ_NSSP,
  		.flags	= IORESOURCE_IRQ,
  	},
  };
  
  static struct pxa2xx_spi_master pxa_nssp_master_info = {

  	.clock_enable = CKEN_NSSP, /* NSSP Peripheral clock */

  	.num_chipselect = 1, /* Matches the number of chips attached to NSSP */
  	.enable_dma = 1, /* Enables NSSP DMA */
  };
  
  static struct platform_device pxa_spi_nssp = {
  	.name = "pxa2xx-spi", /* MUST BE THIS VALUE, so device match driver */
  	.id = 2, /* Bus number, MUST MATCH SSP number 1..n */
  	.resource = pxa_spi_nssp_resources,
  	.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(pxa_spi_nssp_resources),
  	.dev = {
  		.platform_data = &pxa_nssp_master_info, /* Passed to driver */
  	},
  };
  
  static struct platform_device *devices[] __initdata = {
  	&pxa_spi_nssp,
  };
  
  static void __init board_init(void)
  {
  	(void)platform_add_device(devices, ARRAY_SIZE(devices));
  }
  
  Declaring Slave Devices
  -----------------------
  Typically each SPI slave (chip) is defined in the arch/.../mach-*/board-*.c
  using the "spi_board_info" structure found in "linux/spi/spi.h". See

  "Documentation/spi/spi-summary" for additional information.

  
  Each slave device attached to the PXA must provide slave specific configuration
  information via the structure "pxa2xx_spi_chip" found in

  "include/linux/spi/pxa2xx_spi.h".  The pxa2xx_spi master controller driver

  will uses the configuration whenever the driver communicates with the slave

  device. All fields are optional.

  
  struct pxa2xx_spi_chip {
  	u8 tx_threshold;
  	u8 rx_threshold;
  	u8 dma_burst_size;

  	u32 timeout;

  	u8 enable_loopback;
  	void (*cs_control)(u32 command);
  };
  
  The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.tx_threshold" and "pxa2xx_spi_chip.rx_threshold" fields are
  used to configure the SSP hardware fifo.  These fields are critical to the
  performance of pxa2xx_spi driver and misconfiguration will result in rx
  fifo overruns (especially in PIO mode transfers). Good default values are

  	.tx_threshold = 8,
  	.rx_threshold = 8,
  
  The range is 1 to 16 where zero indicates "use default".

  
  The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.dma_burst_size" field is used to configure PXA2xx DMA
  engine and is related the "spi_device.bits_per_word" field.  Read and understand
  the PXA2xx "Developer Manual" sections on the DMA controller and SSP Controllers
  to determine the correct value. An SSP configured for byte-wide transfers would

  use a value of 8. The driver will determine a reasonable default if
  dma_burst_size == 0.

  The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.timeout" fields is used to efficiently handle

  trailing bytes in the SSP receiver fifo.  The correct value for this field is
  dependent on the SPI bus speed ("spi_board_info.max_speed_hz") and the specific

  slave device.  Please note that the PXA2xx SSP 1 does not support trailing byte

  timeouts and must busy-wait any trailing bytes.
  
  The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.enable_loopback" field is used to place the SSP porting
  into internal loopback mode.  In this mode the SSP controller internally

  connects the SSPTX pin to the SSPRX pin.  This is useful for initial setup

  testing.
  
  The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.cs_control" field is used to point to a board specific
  function for asserting/deasserting a slave device chip select.  If the field is
  NULL, the pxa2xx_spi master controller driver assumes that the SSP port is
  configured to use SSPFRM instead.

  NOTE: the SPI driver cannot control the chip select if SSPFRM is used, so the
  chipselect is dropped after each spi_transfer.  Most devices need chip select
  asserted around the complete message.  Use SSPFRM as a GPIO (through cs_control)

  to accommodate these chips.

  
  
  NSSP SLAVE SAMPLE

  -----------------
  The pxa2xx_spi_chip structure is passed to the pxa2xx_spi driver in the
  "spi_board_info.controller_data" field. Below is a sample configuration using
  the PXA255 NSSP.
  
  /* Chip Select control for the CS8415A SPI slave device */
  static void cs8415a_cs_control(u32 command)
  {
  	if (command & PXA2XX_CS_ASSERT)
  		GPCR(2) = GPIO_bit(2);
  	else
  		GPSR(2) = GPIO_bit(2);
  }
  
  /* Chip Select control for the CS8405A SPI slave device */
  static void cs8405a_cs_control(u32 command)
  {
  	if (command & PXA2XX_CS_ASSERT)
  		GPCR(3) = GPIO_bit(3);
  	else
  		GPSR(3) = GPIO_bit(3);
  }
  
  static struct pxa2xx_spi_chip cs8415a_chip_info = {

  	.tx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
  	.rx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */

  	.dma_burst_size = 8, /* Byte wide transfers used so 8 byte bursts */

  	.timeout = 235, /* See Intel documentation */

  	.cs_control = cs8415a_cs_control, /* Use external chip select */
  };
  
  static struct pxa2xx_spi_chip cs8405a_chip_info = {

  	.tx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
  	.rx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */

  	.dma_burst_size = 8, /* Byte wide transfers used so 8 byte bursts */

  	.timeout = 235, /* See Intel documentation */

  	.cs_control = cs8405a_cs_control, /* Use external chip select */
  };
  
  static struct spi_board_info streetracer_spi_board_info[] __initdata = {
  	{
  		.modalias = "cs8415a", /* Name of spi_driver for this device */
  		.max_speed_hz = 3686400, /* Run SSP as fast a possbile */
  		.bus_num = 2, /* Framework bus number */
  		.chip_select = 0, /* Framework chip select */
  		.platform_data = NULL; /* No spi_driver specific config */
  		.controller_data = &cs8415a_chip_info, /* Master chip config */
  		.irq = STREETRACER_APCI_IRQ, /* Slave device interrupt */
  	},
  	{
  		.modalias = "cs8405a", /* Name of spi_driver for this device */
  		.max_speed_hz = 3686400, /* Run SSP as fast a possbile */
  		.bus_num = 2, /* Framework bus number */
  		.chip_select = 1, /* Framework chip select */
  		.controller_data = &cs8405a_chip_info, /* Master chip config */
  		.irq = STREETRACER_APCI_IRQ, /* Slave device interrupt */
  	},
  };
  
  static void __init streetracer_init(void)
  {
  	spi_register_board_info(streetracer_spi_board_info,
  				ARRAY_SIZE(streetracer_spi_board_info));
  }
  
  
  DMA and PIO I/O Support
  -----------------------

  The pxa2xx_spi driver supports both DMA and interrupt driven PIO message
  transfers.  The driver defaults to PIO mode and DMA transfers must be enabled
  by setting the "enable_dma" flag in the "pxa2xx_spi_master" structure.  The DMA
  mode supports both coherent and stream based DMA mappings.

  
  The following logic is used to determine the type of I/O to be used on
  a per "spi_transfer" basis:

  if !enable_dma then

  	always use PIO transfers

  if spi_message.len > 8191 then
  	print "rate limited" warning
  	use PIO transfers

  if spi_message.is_dma_mapped and rx_dma_buf != 0 and tx_dma_buf != 0 then
  	use coherent DMA mode
  
  if rx_buf and tx_buf are aligned on 8 byte boundary then
  	use streaming DMA mode
  
  otherwise
  	use PIO transfer
  
  THANKS TO
  ---------
  
  David Brownell and others for mentoring the development of this driver.