The existing interfaces for getting network packages time stamped are:
  
  * SO_TIMESTAMP
    Generate time stamp for each incoming packet using the (not necessarily
    monotonous!) system time. Result is returned via recv_msg() in a
    control message as timeval (usec resolution).
  
  * SO_TIMESTAMPNS
    Same time stamping mechanism as SO_TIMESTAMP, but returns result as
    timespec (nsec resolution).
  
  * IP_MULTICAST_LOOP + SO_TIMESTAMP[NS]
    Only for multicasts: approximate send time stamp by receiving the looped
    packet and using its receive time stamp.
  
  The following interface complements the existing ones: receive time
  stamps can be generated and returned for arbitrary packets and much
  closer to the point where the packet is really sent. Time stamps can
  be generated in software (as before) or in hardware (if the hardware
  has such a feature).
  
  SO_TIMESTAMPING:
  
  Instructs the socket layer which kind of information is wanted. The
  parameter is an integer with some of the following bits set. Setting
  other bits is an error and doesn't change the current state.
  
  SOF_TIMESTAMPING_TX_HARDWARE:  try to obtain send time stamp in hardware
  SOF_TIMESTAMPING_TX_SOFTWARE:  if SOF_TIMESTAMPING_TX_HARDWARE is off or
                                 fails, then do it in software
  SOF_TIMESTAMPING_RX_HARDWARE:  return the original, unmodified time stamp
                                 as generated by the hardware
  SOF_TIMESTAMPING_RX_SOFTWARE:  if SOF_TIMESTAMPING_RX_HARDWARE is off or
                                 fails, then do it in software
  SOF_TIMESTAMPING_RAW_HARDWARE: return original raw hardware time stamp
  SOF_TIMESTAMPING_SYS_HARDWARE: return hardware time stamp transformed to
                                 the system time base
  SOF_TIMESTAMPING_SOFTWARE:     return system time stamp generated in
                                 software
  
  SOF_TIMESTAMPING_TX/RX determine how time stamps are generated.
  SOF_TIMESTAMPING_RAW/SYS determine how they are reported in the
  following control message:

  
  struct scm_timestamping {
  	struct timespec systime;
  	struct timespec hwtimetrans;
  	struct timespec hwtimeraw;
  };

  
  recvmsg() can be used to get this control message for regular incoming
  packets. For send time stamps the outgoing packet is looped back to
  the socket's error queue with the send time stamp(s) attached. It can
  be received with recvmsg(flags=MSG_ERRQUEUE). The call returns the
  original outgoing packet data including all headers preprended down to
  and including the link layer, the scm_timestamping control message and
  a sock_extended_err control message with ee_errno==ENOMSG and
  ee_origin==SO_EE_ORIGIN_TIMESTAMPING. A socket with such a pending
  bounced packet is ready for reading as far as select() is concerned.

  If the outgoing packet has to be fragmented, then only the first
  fragment is time stamped and returned to the sending socket.

  
  All three values correspond to the same event in time, but were
  generated in different ways. Each of these values may be empty (= all
  zero), in which case no such value was available. If the application
  is not interested in some of these values, they can be left blank to
  avoid the potential overhead of calculating them.
  
  systime is the value of the system time at that moment. This
  corresponds to the value also returned via SO_TIMESTAMP[NS]. If the
  time stamp was generated by hardware, then this field is
  empty. Otherwise it is filled in if SOF_TIMESTAMPING_SOFTWARE is
  set.
  
  hwtimeraw is the original hardware time stamp. Filled in if
  SOF_TIMESTAMPING_RAW_HARDWARE is set. No assumptions about its
  relation to system time should be made.
  
  hwtimetrans is the hardware time stamp transformed so that it
  corresponds as good as possible to system time. This correlation is
  not perfect; as a consequence, sorting packets received via different
  NICs by their hwtimetrans may differ from the order in which they were
  received. hwtimetrans may be non-monotonic even for the same NIC.
  Filled in if SOF_TIMESTAMPING_SYS_HARDWARE is set. Requires support
  by the network device and will be empty without that support.
  
  
  SIOCSHWTSTAMP:
  
  Hardware time stamping must also be initialized for each device driver

  that is expected to do hardware time stamping. The parameter is defined in
  /include/linux/net_tstamp.h as:

  
  struct hwtstamp_config {

  	int flags;	/* no flags defined right now, must be zero */
  	int tx_type;	/* HWTSTAMP_TX_* */
  	int rx_filter;	/* HWTSTAMP_FILTER_* */

  };
  
  Desired behavior is passed into the kernel and to a specific device by
  calling ioctl(SIOCSHWTSTAMP) with a pointer to a struct ifreq whose
  ifr_data points to a struct hwtstamp_config. The tx_type and
  rx_filter are hints to the driver what it is expected to do. If
  the requested fine-grained filtering for incoming packets is not
  supported, the driver may time stamp more than just the requested types
  of packets.
  
  A driver which supports hardware time stamping shall update the struct
  with the actual, possibly more permissive configuration. If the
  requested packets cannot be time stamped, then nothing should be
  changed and ERANGE shall be returned (in contrast to EINVAL, which
  indicates that SIOCSHWTSTAMP is not supported at all).
  
  Only a processes with admin rights may change the configuration. User
  space is responsible to ensure that multiple processes don't interfere
  with each other and that the settings are reset.
  
  /* possible values for hwtstamp_config->tx_type */
  enum {
  	/*
  	 * no outgoing packet will need hardware time stamping;
  	 * should a packet arrive which asks for it, no hardware
  	 * time stamping will be done
  	 */
  	HWTSTAMP_TX_OFF,
  
  	/*
  	 * enables hardware time stamping for outgoing packets;
  	 * the sender of the packet decides which are to be
  	 * time stamped by setting SOF_TIMESTAMPING_TX_SOFTWARE
  	 * before sending the packet
  	 */
  	HWTSTAMP_TX_ON,
  };
  
  /* possible values for hwtstamp_config->rx_filter */
  enum {
  	/* time stamp no incoming packet at all */
  	HWTSTAMP_FILTER_NONE,
  
  	/* time stamp any incoming packet */
  	HWTSTAMP_FILTER_ALL,

  	/* return value: time stamp all packets requested plus some others */
  	HWTSTAMP_FILTER_SOME,

  
  	/* PTP v1, UDP, any kind of event packet */
  	HWTSTAMP_FILTER_PTP_V1_L4_EVENT,

  	/* for the complete list of values, please check
  	 * the include file /include/linux/net_tstamp.h
  	 */

  };
  
  
  DEVICE IMPLEMENTATION
  
  A driver which supports hardware time stamping must support the

  SIOCSHWTSTAMP ioctl and update the supplied struct hwtstamp_config with
  the actual values as described in the section on SIOCSHWTSTAMP.
  
  Time stamps for received packets must be stored in the skb. To get a pointer
  to the shared time stamp structure of the skb call skb_hwtstamps(). Then
  set the time stamps in the structure:
  
  struct skb_shared_hwtstamps {
  	/* hardware time stamp transformed into duration
  	 * since arbitrary point in time
  	 */
  	ktime_t	hwtstamp;
  	ktime_t	syststamp; /* hwtstamp transformed to system time base */
  };

  
  Time stamps for outgoing packets are to be generated as follows:

  - In hard_start_xmit(), check if (skb_shinfo(skb)->tx_flags & SKBTX_HW_TSTAMP)
    is set no-zero. If yes, then the driver is expected to do hardware time
    stamping.

  - If this is possible for the skb and requested, then declare

    that the driver is doing the time stamping by setting the flag
    SKBTX_IN_PROGRESS in skb_shinfo(skb)->tx_flags , e.g. with
  
        skb_shinfo(skb)->tx_flags |= SKBTX_IN_PROGRESS;
  
    You might want to keep a pointer to the associated skb for the next step
    and not free the skb. A driver not supporting hardware time stamping doesn't
    do that. A driver must never touch sk_buff::tstamp! It is used to store
    software generated time stamps by the network subsystem.

  - As soon as the driver has sent the packet and/or obtained a
    hardware time stamp for it, it passes the time stamp back by
    calling skb_hwtstamp_tx() with the original skb, the raw

    hardware time stamp. skb_hwtstamp_tx() clones the original skb and
    adds the timestamps, therefore the original skb has to be freed now.
    If obtaining the hardware time stamp somehow fails, then the driver
    should not fall back to software time stamping. The rationale is that
    this would occur at a later time in the processing pipeline than other
    software time stamping and therefore could lead to unexpected deltas
    between time stamps.

  - If the driver did not set the SKBTX_IN_PROGRESS flag (see above), then

    dev_hard_start_xmit() checks whether software time stamping
    is wanted as fallback and potentially generates the time stamp.