// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only

  /*
   *  linux/init/main.c
   *
   *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
   *
   *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
   *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
   *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96

   *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>

   */

  #define DEBUG		/* Enable initcall_debug */

  #include <linux/types.h>

  #include <linux/extable.h>

  #include <linux/module.h>
  #include <linux/proc_fs.h>

  #include <linux/binfmts.h>

  #include <linux/kernel.h>
  #include <linux/syscalls.h>

  #include <linux/stackprotector.h>

  #include <linux/string.h>
  #include <linux/ctype.h>
  #include <linux/delay.h>

  #include <linux/ioport.h>
  #include <linux/init.h>

  #include <linux/initrd.h>

  #include <linux/memblock.h>

  #include <linux/acpi.h>

  #include <linux/bootconfig.h>

  #include <linux/console.h>

  #include <linux/nmi.h>

  #include <linux/percpu.h>
  #include <linux/kmod.h>

  #include <linux/kprobes.h>

  #include <linux/vmalloc.h>

  #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>

  #include <linux/start_kernel.h>

  #include <linux/security.h>

  #include <linux/smp.h>

  #include <linux/profile.h>
  #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
  #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
  #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
  #include <linux/writeback.h>
  #include <linux/cpu.h>
  #include <linux/cpuset.h>

  #include <linux/cgroup.h>

  #include <linux/efi.h>

  #include <linux/tick.h>

  #include <linux/sched/isolation.h>

  #include <linux/interrupt.h>

  #include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>

  #include <linux/delayacct.h>

  #include <linux/unistd.h>

  #include <linux/utsname.h>

  #include <linux/rmap.h>
  #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
  #include <linux/key.h>

  #include <linux/buffer_head.h>

  #include <linux/page_ext.h>

  #include <linux/debug_locks.h>

  #include <linux/debugobjects.h>

  #include <linux/lockdep.h>

  #include <linux/kmemleak.h>

  #include <linux/padata.h>

  #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>

  #include <linux/device/driver.h>

  #include <linux/kthread.h>

  #include <linux/sched.h>

  #include <linux/sched/init.h>

  #include <linux/signal.h>

  #include <linux/idr.h>

  #include <linux/kgdb.h>

  #include <linux/ftrace.h>

  #include <linux/async.h>

  #include <linux/sfi.h>

  #include <linux/shmem_fs.h>

  #include <linux/slab.h>

  #include <linux/perf_event.h>

  #include <linux/ptrace.h>

  #include <linux/pti.h>

  #include <linux/blkdev.h>
  #include <linux/elevator.h>

  #include <linux/sched/clock.h>

  #include <linux/sched/task.h>

  #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>

  #include <linux/context_tracking.h>

  #include <linux/random.h>

  #include <linux/list.h>

  #include <linux/integrity.h>

  #include <linux/proc_ns.h>

  #include <linux/io.h>

  #include <linux/cache.h>

  #include <linux/rodata_test.h>

  #include <linux/jump_label.h>

  #include <linux/mem_encrypt.h>

  #include <linux/kcsan.h>

  #include <linux/init_syscalls.h>

  
  #include <asm/io.h>
  #include <asm/bugs.h>
  #include <asm/setup.h>

  #include <asm/sections.h>

  #include <asm/cacheflush.h>

  #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
  #include <trace/events/initcall.h>

  #include <kunit/test.h>

  static int kernel_init(void *);

  
  extern void init_IRQ(void);

  extern void radix_tree_init(void);

  /*
   * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
   * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled.  This means
   * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
   * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
   * flag is set.
   */
  bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;

  enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
  
  /*
   * Boot command-line arguments
   */
  #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
  #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
  
  extern void time_init(void);
  /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */

  void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);

  /* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
  char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
  /* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
  char *saved_command_line;
  /* Command line for parameter parsing */
  static char *static_command_line;

  /* Untouched extra command line */
  static char *extra_command_line;

  /* Extra init arguments */
  static char *extra_init_args;

  #ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG
  /* Is bootconfig on command line? */
  static bool bootconfig_found;
  static bool initargs_found;
  #else
  # define bootconfig_found false
  # define initargs_found false
  #endif

  static char *execute_command;

  static char *ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";

  /*

   * Used to generate warnings if static_key manipulation functions are used
   * before jump_label_init is called.
   */

  bool static_key_initialized __read_mostly;

  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(static_key_initialized);
  
  /*

   * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
   * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
   * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
   *
   * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.

   * For ex. kdump situation where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been

   * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
   */
  unsigned int reset_devices;
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);

  static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
  {
  	reset_devices = 1;
  	return 1;
  }
  
  __setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);

  static const char *argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
  const char *envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };

  static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;

  extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];

  static bool __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)

  {

  	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;

  	bool had_early_param = false;

  
  	p = __setup_start;
  	do {
  		int n = strlen(p->str);

  		if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {

  			if (p->early) {

  				/* Already done in parse_early_param?
  				 * (Needs exact match on param part).
  				 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
  				 * params and __setups of same names 8( */

  				if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')

  					had_early_param = true;

  			} else if (!p->setup_func) {

  				pr_warn("Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored
  ",
  					p->str);

  				return true;

  			} else if (p->setup_func(line + n))

  				return true;

  		}
  		p++;
  	} while (p < __setup_end);

  
  	return had_early_param;

  }
  
  /*
   * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
   * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
   */
  unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
  
  static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
  {

  	console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG;

  	return 0;

  }
  
  static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
  {

  	console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET;

  	return 0;

  }

  early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
  early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);

  
  static int __init loglevel(char *str)
  {

  	int newlevel;
  
  	/*
  	 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
  	 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
  	 * are quite hard to debug
  	 */
  	if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
  		console_loglevel = newlevel;
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	return -EINVAL;

  }

  early_param("loglevel", loglevel);

  #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
  static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(u32 *_size, u32 *_csum)
  {
  	u32 size, csum;
  	char *data;
  	u32 *hdr;

  	int i;

  
  	if (!initrd_end)
  		return NULL;
  
  	data = (char *)initrd_end - BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN;

  	/*
  	 * Since Grub may align the size of initrd to 4, we must
  	 * check the preceding 3 bytes as well.
  	 */
  	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
  		if (!memcmp(data, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN))
  			goto found;
  		data--;
  	}
  	return NULL;

  found:

  	hdr = (u32 *)(data - 8);

  	size = le32_to_cpu(hdr[0]);
  	csum = le32_to_cpu(hdr[1]);

  
  	data = ((void *)hdr) - size;
  	if ((unsigned long)data < initrd_start) {
  		pr_err("bootconfig size %d is greater than initrd size %ld
  ",
  			size, initrd_end - initrd_start);
  		return NULL;
  	}
  
  	/* Remove bootconfig from initramfs/initrd */
  	initrd_end = (unsigned long)data;
  	if (_size)
  		*_size = size;
  	if (_csum)
  		*_csum = csum;
  
  	return data;
  }
  #else
  static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(u32 *_size, u32 *_csum)
  {
  	return NULL;
  }
  #endif

  #ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG

  static char xbc_namebuf[XBC_KEYLEN_MAX] __initdata;

  
  #define rest(dst, end) ((end) > (dst) ? (end) - (dst) : 0)
  
  static int __init xbc_snprint_cmdline(char *buf, size_t size,
  				      struct xbc_node *root)
  {
  	struct xbc_node *knode, *vnode;
  	char *end = buf + size;

  	const char *val;
  	int ret;
  
  	xbc_node_for_each_key_value(root, knode, val) {
  		ret = xbc_node_compose_key_after(root, knode,
  					xbc_namebuf, XBC_KEYLEN_MAX);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			return ret;
  
  		vnode = xbc_node_get_child(knode);

  		if (!vnode) {
  			ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s ", xbc_namebuf);
  			if (ret < 0)
  				return ret;
  			buf += ret;

  			continue;

  		}

  		xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, val) {

  			ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s=\"%s\" ",
  				       xbc_namebuf, val);

  			if (ret < 0)
  				return ret;
  			buf += ret;

  		}

  	}
  
  	return buf - (end - size);
  }
  #undef rest
  
  /* Make an extra command line under given key word */
  static char * __init xbc_make_cmdline(const char *key)
  {
  	struct xbc_node *root;
  	char *new_cmdline;
  	int ret, len = 0;
  
  	root = xbc_find_node(key);
  	if (!root)
  		return NULL;
  
  	/* Count required buffer size */
  	len = xbc_snprint_cmdline(NULL, 0, root);
  	if (len <= 0)
  		return NULL;
  
  	new_cmdline = memblock_alloc(len + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
  	if (!new_cmdline) {
  		pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for extra kernel cmdline.
  ");
  		return NULL;
  	}
  
  	ret = xbc_snprint_cmdline(new_cmdline, len + 1, root);
  	if (ret < 0 || ret > len) {
  		pr_err("Failed to print extra kernel cmdline.
  ");
  		return NULL;
  	}
  
  	return new_cmdline;
  }

  static u32 boot_config_checksum(unsigned char *p, u32 size)

  {
  	u32 ret = 0;
  
  	while (size--)
  		ret += *p++;
  
  	return ret;
  }

  static int __init bootconfig_params(char *param, char *val,
  				    const char *unused, void *arg)
  {
  	if (strcmp(param, "bootconfig") == 0) {
  		bootconfig_found = true;

  	}
  	return 0;
  }

  static void __init setup_boot_config(const char *cmdline)

  {

  	static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;

  	const char *msg;
  	int pos;

  	u32 size, csum;

  	char *data, *copy, *err;

  	int ret;

  	/* Cut out the bootconfig data even if we have no bootconfig option */

  	data = get_boot_config_from_initrd(&size, &csum);

  	strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);

  	err = parse_args("bootconfig", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
  			 bootconfig_params);

  	if (IS_ERR(err) || !bootconfig_found)

  		return;

  	/* parse_args() stops at '--' and returns an address */
  	if (err)
  		initargs_found = true;

  	if (!data) {
  		pr_err("'bootconfig' found on command line, but no bootconfig found
  ");
  		return;
  	}

  	if (size >= XBC_DATA_MAX) {
  		pr_err("bootconfig size %d greater than max size %d
  ",
  			size, XBC_DATA_MAX);

  		return;

  	}

  	if (boot_config_checksum((unsigned char *)data, size) != csum) {
  		pr_err("bootconfig checksum failed
  ");

  		return;

  	}

  
  	copy = memblock_alloc(size + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
  	if (!copy) {

  		pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for bootconfig
  ");

  		return;
  	}
  
  	memcpy(copy, data, size);
  	copy[size] = '\0';

  	ret = xbc_init(copy, &msg, &pos);
  	if (ret < 0) {
  		if (pos < 0)
  			pr_err("Failed to init bootconfig: %s.
  ", msg);
  		else
  			pr_err("Failed to parse bootconfig: %s at %d.
  ",
  				msg, pos);
  	} else {

  		pr_info("Load bootconfig: %d bytes %d nodes
  ", size, ret);

  		/* keys starting with "kernel." are passed via cmdline */
  		extra_command_line = xbc_make_cmdline("kernel");

  		/* Also, "init." keys are init arguments */
  		extra_init_args = xbc_make_cmdline("init");

  	}

  	return;

  }

  #else

  
  static void __init setup_boot_config(const char *cmdline)
  {
  	/* Remove bootconfig data from initrd */
  	get_boot_config_from_initrd(NULL, NULL);
  }

  
  static int __init warn_bootconfig(char *str)
  {

  	pr_warn("WARNING: 'bootconfig' found on the kernel command line but CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG is not set.
  ");

  	return 0;
  }
  early_param("bootconfig", warn_bootconfig);

  #endif

  /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */

  static void __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val)

  {

  	if (val) {
  		/* param=val or param="val"? */
  		if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
  			val[-1] = '=';
  		else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
  			val[-2] = '=';
  			memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);

  		} else
  			BUG();
  	}

  }

  /* Anything after -- gets handed straight to init. */

  static int __init set_init_arg(char *param, char *val,
  			       const char *unused, void *arg)

  {
  	unsigned int i;
  
  	if (panic_later)
  		return 0;

  	repair_env_string(param, val);

  
  	for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
  		if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
  			panic_later = "init";
  			panic_param = param;
  			return 0;
  		}
  	}
  	argv_init[i] = param;
  	return 0;
  }

  /*
   * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
   * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
   */

  static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
  				     const char *unused, void *arg)

  {

  	size_t len = strlen(param);

  	repair_env_string(param, val);

  
  	/* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
  	if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
  		return 0;

  	/* Unused module parameter. */

  	if (strnchr(param, len, '.'))

  		return 0;

  
  	if (panic_later)
  		return 0;
  
  	if (val) {
  		/* Environment option */
  		unsigned int i;
  		for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
  			if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {

  				panic_later = "env";

  				panic_param = param;
  			}

  			if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], len+1))

  				break;
  		}
  		envp_init[i] = param;
  	} else {
  		/* Command line option */
  		unsigned int i;
  		for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
  			if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {

  				panic_later = "init";

  				panic_param = param;
  			}
  		}
  		argv_init[i] = param;
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int __init init_setup(char *str)
  {
  	unsigned int i;
  
  	execute_command = str;
  	/*
  	 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
  	 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
  	 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
  	 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
  	 */
  	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
  		argv_init[i] = NULL;
  	return 1;
  }
  __setup("init=", init_setup);

  static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
  {
  	unsigned int i;
  
  	ramdisk_execute_command = str;
  	/* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
  	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
  		argv_init[i] = NULL;
  	return 1;
  }
  __setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);

  #ifndef CONFIG_SMP

  static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;

  static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }

  static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }

  #endif
  
  /*

   * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
   * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
   * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
   * store reference of name/value for future reference.
   */
  static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
  {

  	size_t len, xlen = 0, ilen = 0;

  	if (extra_command_line)
  		xlen = strlen(extra_command_line);

  	if (extra_init_args)
  		ilen = strlen(extra_init_args) + 4; /* for " -- " */

  	len = xlen + strlen(boot_command_line) + 1;

  	saved_command_line = memblock_alloc(len + ilen, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);

  	if (!saved_command_line)

  		panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes
  ", __func__, len + ilen);

  
  	static_command_line = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
  	if (!static_command_line)
  		panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes
  ", __func__, len);

  	if (xlen) {
  		/*
  		 * We have to put extra_command_line before boot command
  		 * lines because there could be dashes (separator of init
  		 * command line) in the command lines.
  		 */
  		strcpy(saved_command_line, extra_command_line);
  		strcpy(static_command_line, extra_command_line);
  	}
  	strcpy(saved_command_line + xlen, boot_command_line);
  	strcpy(static_command_line + xlen, command_line);

  
  	if (ilen) {
  		/*
  		 * Append supplemental init boot args to saved_command_line
  		 * so that user can check what command line options passed
  		 * to init.
  		 */
  		len = strlen(saved_command_line);

  		if (initargs_found) {
  			saved_command_line[len++] = ' ';
  		} else {

  			strcpy(saved_command_line + len, " -- ");
  			len += 4;

  		}

  
  		strcpy(saved_command_line + len, extra_init_args);
  	}

  }
  
  /*

   * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
   * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
   * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
   * cpu_idle.
   *
   * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
   */

  static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);

  noinline void __ref rest_init(void)

  {

  	struct task_struct *tsk;

  	int pid;

  	rcu_scheduler_starting();

  	/*

  	 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however

  	 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
  	 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
  	 */

  	pid = kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS);
  	/*
  	 * Pin init on the boot CPU. Task migration is not properly working
  	 * until sched_init_smp() has been run. It will set the allowed
  	 * CPUs for init to the non isolated CPUs.
  	 */
  	rcu_read_lock();
  	tsk = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
  	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpumask_of(smp_processor_id()));
  	rcu_read_unlock();

  	numa_default_policy();

  	pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);

  	rcu_read_lock();

  	kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);

  	rcu_read_unlock();

  
  	/*
  	 * Enable might_sleep() and smp_processor_id() checks.

  	 * They cannot be enabled earlier because with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y

  	 * kernel_thread() would trigger might_sleep() splats. With
  	 * CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=y the init task might have scheduled
  	 * already, but it's stuck on the kthreadd_done completion.
  	 */
  	system_state = SYSTEM_SCHEDULING;

  	complete(&kthreadd_done);

  
  	/*
  	 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()

  	 * at least once to get things moving:

  	 */

  	schedule_preempt_disabled();

  	/* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */

  	cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE);

  }

  
  /* Check for early params. */

  static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val,
  				 const char *unused, void *arg)

  {

  	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;

  
  	for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {

  		if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||

  		    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
  		     strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
  		) {

  			if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)

  				pr_warn("Malformed early option '%s'
  ", param);

  		}
  	}
  	/* We accept everything at this stage. */
  	return 0;
  }

  void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
  {

  	parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
  		   do_early_param);

  }

  /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
  void __init parse_early_param(void)
  {

  	static int done __initdata;
  	static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;

  
  	if (done)
  		return;
  
  	/* All fall through to do_early_param. */

  	strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);

  	parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);

  	done = 1;
  }

  void __init __weak arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(void) { }

  void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)

  {
  }

  # if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE

  void __init __weak thread_stack_cache_init(void)

  {
  }

  #endif

  void __init __weak mem_encrypt_init(void) { }

  void __init __weak poking_init(void) { }

  void __init __weak pgtable_cache_init(void) { }

  bool initcall_debug;
  core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);

  
  #ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED

  static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void);

  #else
  static inline void initcall_debug_enable(void)
  {
  }
  #endif

  /* Report memory auto-initialization states for this boot. */
  static void __init report_meminit(void)
  {
  	const char *stack;

  	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN))
  		stack = "all(pattern)";
  	else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO))
  		stack = "all(zero)";

  	else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL))

  		stack = "byref_all(zero)";

  	else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF))

  		stack = "byref(zero)";

  	else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_USER))

  		stack = "__user(zero)";

  	else
  		stack = "off";
  
  	pr_info("mem auto-init: stack:%s, heap alloc:%s, heap free:%s
  ",
  		stack, want_init_on_alloc(GFP_KERNEL) ? "on" : "off",
  		want_init_on_free() ? "on" : "off");
  	if (want_init_on_free())
  		pr_info("mem auto-init: clearing system memory may take some time...
  ");
  }

  /*
   * Set up kernel memory allocators
   */
  static void __init mm_init(void)
  {

  	/*
  	 * page_ext requires contiguous pages,
  	 * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
  	 */
  	page_ext_init_flatmem();

  	init_debug_pagealloc();

  	report_meminit();

  	mem_init();
  	kmem_cache_init();

  	kmemleak_init();

  	pgtable_init();

  	debug_objects_mem_init();

  	vmalloc_init();

  	ioremap_huge_init();

  	/* Should be run before the first non-init thread is created */
  	init_espfix_bsp();

  	/* Should be run after espfix64 is set up. */
  	pti_init();

  }

  void __init __weak arch_call_rest_init(void)
  {
  	rest_init();
  }

  asmlinkage __visible void __init __no_sanitize_address start_kernel(void)

  {

  	char *command_line;
  	char *after_dashes;

  	set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);

  	smp_setup_processor_id();

  	debug_objects_early_init();

  	cgroup_init_early();

  
  	local_irq_disable();

  	early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;

  	/*
  	 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
  	 * enable them.
  	 */

  	boot_cpu_init();

  	page_address_init();

  	pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);

  	early_security_init();

  	setup_arch(&command_line);

  	setup_boot_config(command_line);

  	setup_command_line(command_line);

  	setup_nr_cpu_ids();

  	setup_per_cpu_areas();

  	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */

  	boot_cpu_hotplug_init();

  	build_all_zonelists(NULL);

  	page_alloc_init();

  	pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s
  ", saved_command_line);

  	/* parameters may set static keys */
  	jump_label_init();

  	parse_early_param();

  	after_dashes = parse_args("Booting kernel",
  				  static_command_line, __start___param,
  				  __stop___param - __start___param,

  				  -1, -1, NULL, &unknown_bootoption);

  	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(after_dashes))

  		parse_args("Setting init args", after_dashes, NULL, 0, -1, -1,

  			   NULL, set_init_arg);

  	if (extra_init_args)
  		parse_args("Setting extra init args", extra_init_args,
  			   NULL, 0, -1, -1, NULL, set_init_arg);

  	/*
  	 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
  	 * kmem_cache_init()
  	 */

  	setup_log_buf(0);

  	vfs_caches_init_early();
  	sort_main_extable();
  	trap_init();

  	mm_init();

  	ftrace_init();

  	/* trace_printk can be enabled here */
  	early_trace_init();

  	/*
  	 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
  	 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
  	 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
  	 */
  	sched_init();
  	/*
  	 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
  	 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
  	 */
  	preempt_disable();

  	if (WARN(!irqs_disabled(),
  		 "Interrupts were enabled *very* early, fixing it
  "))

  		local_irq_disable();

  	radix_tree_init();

  
  	/*

  	 * Set up housekeeping before setting up workqueues to allow the unbound
  	 * workqueue to take non-housekeeping into account.
  	 */
  	housekeeping_init();
  
  	/*

  	 * Allow workqueue creation and work item queueing/cancelling
  	 * early.  Work item execution depends on kthreads and starts after
  	 * workqueue_init().
  	 */
  	workqueue_init_early();

  	rcu_init();

  	/* Trace events are available after this */

  	trace_init();

  	if (initcall_debug)
  		initcall_debug_enable();

  	context_tracking_init();

  	/* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
  	early_irq_init();

  	init_IRQ();

  	tick_init();

  	rcu_init_nohz();

  	init_timers();

  	hrtimers_init();

  	softirq_init();

  	timekeeping_init();

  
  	/*
  	 * For best initial stack canary entropy, prepare it after:
  	 * - setup_arch() for any UEFI RNG entropy and boot cmdline access
  	 * - timekeeping_init() for ktime entropy used in rand_initialize()
  	 * - rand_initialize() to get any arch-specific entropy like RDRAND
  	 * - add_latent_entropy() to get any latent entropy
  	 * - adding command line entropy
  	 */
  	rand_initialize();
  	add_latent_entropy();
  	add_device_randomness(command_line, strlen(command_line));
  	boot_init_stack_canary();

  	time_init();

  	perf_event_init();

  	profile_init();

  	call_function_init();

  	WARN(!irqs_disabled(), "Interrupts were enabled early
  ");

  	early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;

  	local_irq_enable();

  	kmem_cache_init_late();

  
  	/*
  	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
  	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
  	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
  	 */
  	console_init();
  	if (panic_later)

  		panic("Too many boot %s vars at `%s'", panic_later,
  		      panic_param);

  	lockdep_init();

  	/*
  	 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
  	 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
  	 * too:
  	 */
  	locking_selftest();

  	/*
  	 * This needs to be called before any devices perform DMA
  	 * operations that might use the SWIOTLB bounce buffers. It will
  	 * mark the bounce buffers as decrypted so that their usage will
  	 * not cause "plain-text" data to be decrypted when accessed.
  	 */
  	mem_encrypt_init();

  #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
  	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&

  	    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {

  		pr_crit("initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.
  ",

  		    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
  		    min_low_pfn);

  		initrd_start = 0;
  	}
  #endif

  	setup_per_cpu_pageset();

  	numa_policy_init();

  	acpi_early_init();

  	if (late_time_init)
  		late_time_init();

  	sched_clock_init();

  	calibrate_delay();

  	pid_idr_init();

  	anon_vma_init();

  #ifdef CONFIG_X86

  	if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))

  		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
  #endif

  	thread_stack_cache_init();

  	cred_init();

  	fork_init();

  	proc_caches_init();

  	uts_ns_init();

  	buffer_init();

  	key_init();
  	security_init();

  	dbg_late_init();

  	vfs_caches_init();

  	pagecache_init();

  	signals_init();

  	seq_file_init();

  	proc_root_init();

  	nsfs_init();

  	cpuset_init();

  	cgroup_init();

  	taskstats_init_early();

  	delayacct_init();

  	poking_init();

  	check_bugs();

  	acpi_subsystem_init();

  	arch_post_acpi_subsys_init();

  	sfi_init_late();

  	kcsan_init();

  
  	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */

  	arch_call_rest_init();

  
  	prevent_tail_call_optimization();

  }

  /* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
  static void __init do_ctors(void)
  {
  #ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS

  	ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;

  	for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
  		(*fn)();

  #endif
  }

  #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
  struct blacklist_entry {
  	struct list_head next;
  	char *buf;
  };
  
  static __initdata_or_module LIST_HEAD(blacklisted_initcalls);
  
  static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
  {
  	char *str_entry;
  	struct blacklist_entry *entry;
  
  	/* str argument is a comma-separated list of functions */
  	do {
  		str_entry = strsep(&str, ",");
  		if (str_entry) {
  			pr_debug("blacklisting initcall %s
  ", str_entry);

  			entry = memblock_alloc(sizeof(*entry),
  					       SMP_CACHE_BYTES);

  			if (!entry)
  				panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes
  ",
  				      __func__, sizeof(*entry));

  			entry->buf = memblock_alloc(strlen(str_entry) + 1,
  						    SMP_CACHE_BYTES);

  			if (!entry->buf)
  				panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes
  ",
  				      __func__, strlen(str_entry) + 1);

  			strcpy(entry->buf, str_entry);
  			list_add(&entry->next, &blacklisted_initcalls);
  		}
  	} while (str_entry);
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
  {

  	struct blacklist_entry *entry;

  	char fn_name[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];

  	unsigned long addr;

  	if (list_empty(&blacklisted_initcalls))

  		return false;

  	addr = (unsigned long) dereference_function_descriptor(fn);
  	sprint_symbol_no_offset(fn_name, addr);

  	/*
  	 * fn will be "function_name [module_name]" where [module_name] is not
  	 * displayed for built-in init functions.  Strip off the [module_name].
  	 */
  	strreplace(fn_name, ' ', '\0');

  	list_for_each_entry(entry, &blacklisted_initcalls, next) {

  		if (!strcmp(fn_name, entry->buf)) {
  			pr_debug("initcall %s blacklisted
  ", fn_name);

  			return true;
  		}
  	}

  	return false;
  }
  #else
  static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
  {
  	pr_warn("initcall_blacklist requires CONFIG_KALLSYMS
  ");
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
  {
  	return false;
  }
  #endif
  __setup("initcall_blacklist=", initcall_blacklist);

  static __init_or_module void
  trace_initcall_start_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn)

  {

  	ktime_t *calltime = (ktime_t *)data;

  	printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling  %pS @ %i
  ", fn, task_pid_nr(current));

  	*calltime = ktime_get();
  }
  
  static __init_or_module void
  trace_initcall_finish_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn, int ret)
  {
  	ktime_t *calltime = (ktime_t *)data;
  	ktime_t delta, rettime;
  	unsigned long long duration;

  	rettime = ktime_get();

  	delta = ktime_sub(rettime, *calltime);

  	duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;

  	printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pS returned %d after %lld usecs
  ",

  		 fn, ret, duration);

  }

  static ktime_t initcall_calltime;

  #ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED

  static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void)
  {
  	int ret;
  
  	ret = register_trace_initcall_start(trace_initcall_start_cb,
  					    &initcall_calltime);
  	ret |= register_trace_initcall_finish(trace_initcall_finish_cb,
  					      &initcall_calltime);
  	WARN(ret, "Failed to register initcall tracepoints
  ");

  }

  # define do_trace_initcall_start	trace_initcall_start
  # define do_trace_initcall_finish	trace_initcall_finish
  #else
  static inline void do_trace_initcall_start(initcall_t fn)
  {
  	if (!initcall_debug)
  		return;
  	trace_initcall_start_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn);
  }
  static inline void do_trace_initcall_finish(initcall_t fn, int ret)
  {
  	if (!initcall_debug)
  		return;
  	trace_initcall_finish_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn, ret);
  }
  #endif /* !TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED */

  int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)

  {
  	int count = preempt_count();

  	char msgbuf[64];

  	int ret;

  	if (initcall_blacklisted(fn))
  		return -EPERM;

  	do_trace_initcall_start(fn);

  	ret = fn();

  	do_trace_initcall_finish(fn, ret);

  	msgbuf[0] = 0;

  	if (preempt_count() != count) {

  		sprintf(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ");

  		preempt_count_set(count);

  	}

  	if (irqs_disabled()) {

  		strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));

  		local_irq_enable();
  	}

  	WARN(msgbuf[0], "initcall %pS returned with %s
  ", fn, msgbuf);

  	add_latent_entropy();

  	return ret;

  }

  extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_start[];
  extern initcall_entry_t __initcall0_start[];
  extern initcall_entry_t __initcall1_start[];
  extern initcall_entry_t __initcall2_start[];
  extern initcall_entry_t __initcall3_start[];
  extern initcall_entry_t __initcall4_start[];
  extern initcall_entry_t __initcall5_start[];
  extern initcall_entry_t __initcall6_start[];
  extern initcall_entry_t __initcall7_start[];
  extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_end[];
  
  static initcall_entry_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {

  	__initcall0_start,
  	__initcall1_start,
  	__initcall2_start,
  	__initcall3_start,
  	__initcall4_start,
  	__initcall5_start,
  	__initcall6_start,
  	__initcall7_start,
  	__initcall_end,
  };

  /* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */

  static const char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {

  	"pure",

  	"core",
  	"postcore",
  	"arch",
  	"subsys",
  	"fs",
  	"device",
  	"late",

  };

  static int __init ignore_unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
  			       const char *unused, void *arg)
  {
  	return 0;
  }

  static void __init do_initcall_level(int level, char *command_line)

  {

  	initcall_entry_t *fn;

  	parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],

  		   command_line, __start___param,

  		   __stop___param - __start___param,
  		   level, level,

  		   NULL, ignore_unknown_bootoption);

  	trace_initcall_level(initcall_level_names[level]);

  	for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)

  		do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));

  }

  static void __init do_initcalls(void)
  {
  	int level;

  	size_t len = strlen(saved_command_line) + 1;
  	char *command_line;
  
  	command_line = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
  	if (!command_line)
  		panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes
  ", __func__, len);
  
  	for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++) {
  		/* Parser modifies command_line, restore it each time */
  		strcpy(command_line, saved_command_line);
  		do_initcall_level(level, command_line);
  	}

  	kfree(command_line);

  }

  /*
   * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
   * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
   * running, and memory and process management works.
   *
   * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
   */
  static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
  {

  	cpuset_init_smp();

  	driver_init();

  	init_irq_proc();

  	do_ctors();

  	usermodehelper_enable();

  	do_initcalls();

  }

  static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)

  {

  	initcall_entry_t *fn;

  	trace_initcall_level("early");

  	for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)

  		do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));

  }

  static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename)

  {

  	const char *const *p;

  	argv_init[0] = init_filename;

  	pr_info("Run %s as init process
  ", init_filename);

  	pr_debug("  with arguments:
  ");
  	for (p = argv_init; *p; p++)
  		pr_debug("    %s
  ", *p);
  	pr_debug("  with environment:
  ");
  	for (p = envp_init; *p; p++)
  		pr_debug("    %s
  ", *p);

  	return kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);

  }

  static int try_to_run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
  {
  	int ret;
  
  	ret = run_init_process(init_filename);
  
  	if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
  		pr_err("Starting init: %s exists but couldn't execute it (error %d)
  ",
  		       init_filename, ret);
  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }

  static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void);

  #if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) || defined(CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX)

  bool rodata_enabled __ro_after_init = true;

  static int __init set_debug_rodata(char *str)
  {
  	return strtobool(str, &rodata_enabled);
  }
  __setup("rodata=", set_debug_rodata);

  #endif

  #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX

  static void mark_readonly(void)
  {

  	if (rodata_enabled) {

  		/*

  		 * load_module() results in W+X mappings, which are cleaned
  		 * up with call_rcu().  Let's make sure that queued work is

  		 * flushed so that we don't hit false positives looking for
  		 * insecure pages which are W+X.
  		 */

  		rcu_barrier();

  		mark_rodata_ro();

  		rodata_test();
  	} else

  		pr_info("Kernel memory protection disabled.
  ");
  }

  #elif defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX)
  static inline void mark_readonly(void)
  {
  	pr_warn("Kernel memory protection not selected by kernel config.
  ");
  }

  #else
  static inline void mark_readonly(void)
  {
  	pr_warn("This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
  ");
  }
  #endif

  void __weak free_initmem(void)
  {

  	free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM);

  }

  static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)

  {

  	int ret;

  	kernel_init_freeable();

  	/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
  	async_synchronize_full();

  	kprobe_free_init_mem();

  	ftrace_free_init_mem();

  	free_initmem();

  	mark_readonly();

  
  	/*
  	 * Kernel mappings are now finalized - update the userspace page-table
  	 * to finalize PTI.
  	 */
  	pti_finalize();

  	system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
  	numa_default_policy();

  	rcu_end_inkernel_boot();

  	do_sysctl_args();

  	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {

  		ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
  		if (!ret)

  			return 0;

  		pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)
  ",
  		       ramdisk_execute_command, ret);

  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
  	 *
  	 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
  	 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
  	 */
  	if (execute_command) {

  		ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
  		if (!ret)

  			return 0;

  		panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
  		      execute_command, ret);

  	}

  
  	if (CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT[0] != '\0') {
  		ret = run_init_process(CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT);
  		if (ret)
  			pr_err("Default init %s failed (error %d)
  ",
  			       CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT, ret);
  		else
  			return 0;
  	}

  	if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
  	    !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
  	    !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
  	    !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))

  		return 0;

  	panic("No working init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "

  	      "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.");

  }

  /* Open /dev/console, for stdin/stdout/stderr, this should never fail */

  void __init console_on_rootfs(void)

  {

  	struct file *file = filp_open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0);

  	if (IS_ERR(file)) {
  		pr_err("Warning: unable to open an initial console.
  ");
  		return;
  	}

  	init_dup(file);
  	init_dup(file);
  	init_dup(file);
  	fput(file);

  }

  static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)

  {

  	/*
  	 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
  	 */
  	wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);

  
  	/* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
  	gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;

  	/*
  	 * init can allocate pages on any node
  	 */

  	set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);

  	cad_pid = task_pid(current);

  	smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);