// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0

  /*
   *  linux/fs/read_write.c
   *
   *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
   */

  #include <linux/slab.h>

  #include <linux/stat.h>

  #include <linux/sched/xacct.h>

  #include <linux/fcntl.h>
  #include <linux/file.h>
  #include <linux/uio.h>

  #include <linux/fsnotify.h>

  #include <linux/security.h>

  #include <linux/export.h>

  #include <linux/syscalls.h>

  #include <linux/pagemap.h>

  #include <linux/splice.h>

  #include <linux/compat.h>

  #include <linux/mount.h>

  #include <linux/fs.h>

  #include "internal.h"

  #include <linux/uaccess.h>

  #include <asm/unistd.h>

  const struct file_operations generic_ro_fops = {

  	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,

  	.read_iter	= generic_file_read_iter,

  	.mmap		= generic_file_readonly_mmap,

  	.splice_read	= generic_file_splice_read,

  };
  
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_ro_fops);

  static inline bool unsigned_offsets(struct file *file)

  {

  	return file->f_mode & FMODE_UNSIGNED_OFFSET;

  }

  /**
   * vfs_setpos - update the file offset for lseek
   * @file:	file structure in question
   * @offset:	file offset to seek to
   * @maxsize:	maximum file size
   *
   * This is a low-level filesystem helper for updating the file offset to
   * the value specified by @offset if the given offset is valid and it is
   * not equal to the current file offset.
   *
   * Return the specified offset on success and -EINVAL on invalid offset.
   */
  loff_t vfs_setpos(struct file *file, loff_t offset, loff_t maxsize)

  {
  	if (offset < 0 && !unsigned_offsets(file))
  		return -EINVAL;
  	if (offset > maxsize)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (offset != file->f_pos) {
  		file->f_pos = offset;
  		file->f_version = 0;
  	}
  	return offset;
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_setpos);

  /**

   * generic_file_llseek_size - generic llseek implementation for regular files

   * @file:	file structure to seek on
   * @offset:	file offset to seek to

   * @whence:	type of seek

   * @size:	max size of this file in file system
   * @eof:	offset used for SEEK_END position

   *

   * This is a variant of generic_file_llseek that allows passing in a custom

   * maximum file size and a custom EOF position, for e.g. hashed directories

   *
   * Synchronization:

   * SEEK_SET and SEEK_END are unsynchronized (but atomic on 64bit platforms)

   * SEEK_CUR is synchronized against other SEEK_CURs, but not read/writes.
   * read/writes behave like SEEK_SET against seeks.

   */

  loff_t

  generic_file_llseek_size(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence,

  		loff_t maxsize, loff_t eof)

  {

  	switch (whence) {

  	case SEEK_END:

  		offset += eof;

  		break;
  	case SEEK_CUR:

  		/*
  		 * Here we special-case the lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR)
  		 * position-querying operation.  Avoid rewriting the "same"
  		 * f_pos value back to the file because a concurrent read(),
  		 * write() or lseek() might have altered it
  		 */
  		if (offset == 0)
  			return file->f_pos;

  		/*
  		 * f_lock protects against read/modify/write race with other
  		 * SEEK_CURs. Note that parallel writes and reads behave
  		 * like SEEK_SET.
  		 */
  		spin_lock(&file->f_lock);

  		offset = vfs_setpos(file, file->f_pos + offset, maxsize);

  		spin_unlock(&file->f_lock);
  		return offset;

  	case SEEK_DATA:
  		/*
  		 * In the generic case the entire file is data, so as long as
  		 * offset isn't at the end of the file then the offset is data.
  		 */

  		if ((unsigned long long)offset >= eof)

  			return -ENXIO;
  		break;
  	case SEEK_HOLE:
  		/*
  		 * There is a virtual hole at the end of the file, so as long as
  		 * offset isn't i_size or larger, return i_size.
  		 */

  		if ((unsigned long long)offset >= eof)

  			return -ENXIO;

  		offset = eof;

  		break;

  	}

  	return vfs_setpos(file, offset, maxsize);

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_file_llseek_size);
  
  /**
   * generic_file_llseek - generic llseek implementation for regular files
   * @file:	file structure to seek on
   * @offset:	file offset to seek to

   * @whence:	type of seek

   *
   * This is a generic implemenation of ->llseek useable for all normal local
   * filesystems.  It just updates the file offset to the value specified by

   * @offset and @whence.

   */

  loff_t generic_file_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)

  {
  	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;

  	return generic_file_llseek_size(file, offset, whence,

  					inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes,
  					i_size_read(inode));

  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_file_llseek);

  /**

   * fixed_size_llseek - llseek implementation for fixed-sized devices
   * @file:	file structure to seek on
   * @offset:	file offset to seek to
   * @whence:	type of seek
   * @size:	size of the file
   *
   */
  loff_t fixed_size_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence, loff_t size)
  {
  	switch (whence) {
  	case SEEK_SET: case SEEK_CUR: case SEEK_END:
  		return generic_file_llseek_size(file, offset, whence,
  						size, size);
  	default:
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(fixed_size_llseek);
  
  /**

   * no_seek_end_llseek - llseek implementation for fixed-sized devices
   * @file:	file structure to seek on
   * @offset:	file offset to seek to
   * @whence:	type of seek
   *
   */
  loff_t no_seek_end_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
  {
  	switch (whence) {
  	case SEEK_SET: case SEEK_CUR:
  		return generic_file_llseek_size(file, offset, whence,

  						OFFSET_MAX, 0);

  	default:
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(no_seek_end_llseek);
  
  /**
   * no_seek_end_llseek_size - llseek implementation for fixed-sized devices
   * @file:	file structure to seek on
   * @offset:	file offset to seek to
   * @whence:	type of seek
   * @size:	maximal offset allowed
   *
   */
  loff_t no_seek_end_llseek_size(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence, loff_t size)
  {
  	switch (whence) {
  	case SEEK_SET: case SEEK_CUR:
  		return generic_file_llseek_size(file, offset, whence,
  						size, 0);
  	default:
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(no_seek_end_llseek_size);
  
  /**

   * noop_llseek - No Operation Performed llseek implementation
   * @file:	file structure to seek on
   * @offset:	file offset to seek to

   * @whence:	type of seek

   *
   * This is an implementation of ->llseek useable for the rare special case when
   * userspace expects the seek to succeed but the (device) file is actually not
   * able to perform the seek. In this case you use noop_llseek() instead of
   * falling back to the default implementation of ->llseek.
   */

  loff_t noop_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)

  {
  	return file->f_pos;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(noop_llseek);

  loff_t no_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)

  {
  	return -ESPIPE;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(no_llseek);

  loff_t default_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)

  {

  	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);

  	loff_t retval;

  	inode_lock(inode);

  	switch (whence) {

  		case SEEK_END:

  			offset += i_size_read(inode);

  			break;

  		case SEEK_CUR:

  			if (offset == 0) {
  				retval = file->f_pos;
  				goto out;
  			}

  			offset += file->f_pos;

  			break;
  		case SEEK_DATA:
  			/*
  			 * In the generic case the entire file is data, so as
  			 * long as offset isn't at the end of the file then the
  			 * offset is data.
  			 */

  			if (offset >= inode->i_size) {
  				retval = -ENXIO;
  				goto out;
  			}

  			break;
  		case SEEK_HOLE:
  			/*
  			 * There is a virtual hole at the end of the file, so
  			 * as long as offset isn't i_size or larger, return
  			 * i_size.
  			 */

  			if (offset >= inode->i_size) {
  				retval = -ENXIO;
  				goto out;
  			}

  			offset = inode->i_size;
  			break;

  	}
  	retval = -EINVAL;

  	if (offset >= 0 || unsigned_offsets(file)) {

  		if (offset != file->f_pos) {
  			file->f_pos = offset;
  			file->f_version = 0;
  		}
  		retval = offset;
  	}

  out:

  	inode_unlock(inode);

  	return retval;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_llseek);

  loff_t vfs_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)

  {
  	loff_t (*fn)(struct file *, loff_t, int);
  
  	fn = no_llseek;
  	if (file->f_mode & FMODE_LSEEK) {

  		if (file->f_op->llseek)

  			fn = file->f_op->llseek;
  	}

  	return fn(file, offset, whence);

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_llseek);

  off_t ksys_lseek(unsigned int fd, off_t offset, unsigned int whence)

  {
  	off_t retval;

  	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);

  	if (!f.file)
  		return -EBADF;

  
  	retval = -EINVAL;

  	if (whence <= SEEK_MAX) {
  		loff_t res = vfs_llseek(f.file, offset, whence);

  		retval = res;
  		if (res != (loff_t)retval)
  			retval = -EOVERFLOW;	/* LFS: should only happen on 32 bit platforms */
  	}

  	fdput_pos(f);

  	return retval;
  }

  SYSCALL_DEFINE3(lseek, unsigned int, fd, off_t, offset, unsigned int, whence)
  {
  	return ksys_lseek(fd, offset, whence);
  }

  #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE3(lseek, unsigned int, fd, compat_off_t, offset, unsigned int, whence)
  {

  	return ksys_lseek(fd, offset, whence);

  }
  #endif

  #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_LLSEEK

  SYSCALL_DEFINE5(llseek, unsigned int, fd, unsigned long, offset_high,
  		unsigned long, offset_low, loff_t __user *, result,

  		unsigned int, whence)

  {
  	int retval;

  	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);

  	loff_t offset;

  	if (!f.file)
  		return -EBADF;

  
  	retval = -EINVAL;

  	if (whence > SEEK_MAX)

  		goto out_putf;

  	offset = vfs_llseek(f.file, ((loff_t) offset_high << 32) | offset_low,

  			whence);

  
  	retval = (int)offset;
  	if (offset >= 0) {
  		retval = -EFAULT;
  		if (!copy_to_user(result, &offset, sizeof(offset)))
  			retval = 0;
  	}
  out_putf:

  	fdput_pos(f);

  	return retval;
  }
  #endif

  int rw_verify_area(int read_write, struct file *file, const loff_t *ppos, size_t count)

  {
  	struct inode *inode;
  	loff_t pos;

  	int retval = -EINVAL;

  	inode = file_inode(file);

  	if (unlikely((ssize_t) count < 0))

  		return retval;

  	pos = *ppos;

  	if (unlikely(pos < 0)) {
  		if (!unsigned_offsets(file))
  			return retval;
  		if (count >= -pos) /* both values are in 0..LLONG_MAX */
  			return -EOVERFLOW;
  	} else if (unlikely((loff_t) (pos + count) < 0)) {
  		if (!unsigned_offsets(file))

  			return retval;
  	}

  	if (unlikely(inode->i_flctx && mandatory_lock(inode))) {

  		retval = locks_mandatory_area(inode, file, pos, pos + count - 1,
  				read_write == READ ? F_RDLCK : F_WRLCK);

  		if (retval < 0)
  			return retval;
  	}

  	return security_file_permission(file,

  				read_write == READ ? MAY_READ : MAY_WRITE);

  }

  static ssize_t new_sync_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *ppos)

  {
  	struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = buf, .iov_len = len };
  	struct kiocb kiocb;
  	struct iov_iter iter;
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, filp);
  	kiocb.ki_pos = *ppos;

  	iov_iter_init(&iter, READ, &iov, 1, len);

  	ret = call_read_iter(filp, &kiocb, &iter);

  	BUG_ON(ret == -EIOCBQUEUED);

  	*ppos = kiocb.ki_pos;
  	return ret;
  }

  ssize_t __vfs_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
  		   loff_t *pos)
  {

  	if (file->f_op->read)

  		return file->f_op->read(file, buf, count, pos);

  	else if (file->f_op->read_iter)

  		return new_sync_read(file, buf, count, pos);

  	else

  		return -EINVAL;

  }

  ssize_t kernel_read(struct file *file, void *buf, size_t count, loff_t *pos)

  {
  	mm_segment_t old_fs;

  	ssize_t result;

  
  	old_fs = get_fs();
  	set_fs(get_ds());
  	/* The cast to a user pointer is valid due to the set_fs() */

  	result = vfs_read(file, (void __user *)buf, count, pos);

  	set_fs(old_fs);
  	return result;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_read);

  ssize_t vfs_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *pos)
  {
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
  		return -EBADF;

  	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_CAN_READ))

  		return -EINVAL;
  	if (unlikely(!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, buf, count)))
  		return -EFAULT;
  
  	ret = rw_verify_area(READ, file, pos, count);

  	if (!ret) {
  		if (count > MAX_RW_COUNT)
  			count =  MAX_RW_COUNT;

  		ret = __vfs_read(file, buf, count, pos);

  		if (ret > 0) {

  			fsnotify_access(file);

  			add_rchar(current, ret);

  		}

  		inc_syscr(current);

  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }

  static ssize_t new_sync_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *ppos)

  {
  	struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = (void __user *)buf, .iov_len = len };
  	struct kiocb kiocb;
  	struct iov_iter iter;
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, filp);
  	kiocb.ki_pos = *ppos;

  	iov_iter_init(&iter, WRITE, &iov, 1, len);

  	ret = call_write_iter(filp, &kiocb, &iter);

  	BUG_ON(ret == -EIOCBQUEUED);

  	if (ret > 0)
  		*ppos = kiocb.ki_pos;

  	return ret;
  }

  ssize_t __vfs_write(struct file *file, const char __user *p, size_t count,
  		    loff_t *pos)
  {
  	if (file->f_op->write)
  		return file->f_op->write(file, p, count, pos);

  	else if (file->f_op->write_iter)
  		return new_sync_write(file, p, count, pos);
  	else
  		return -EINVAL;
  }

  ssize_t __kernel_write(struct file *file, const void *buf, size_t count, loff_t *pos)

  {
  	mm_segment_t old_fs;
  	const char __user *p;
  	ssize_t ret;

  	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_CAN_WRITE))

  		return -EINVAL;

  	old_fs = get_fs();
  	set_fs(get_ds());
  	p = (__force const char __user *)buf;
  	if (count > MAX_RW_COUNT)
  		count =  MAX_RW_COUNT;

  	ret = __vfs_write(file, p, count, pos);

  	set_fs(old_fs);
  	if (ret > 0) {
  		fsnotify_modify(file);
  		add_wchar(current, ret);
  	}
  	inc_syscw(current);
  	return ret;
  }

  EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kernel_write);

  ssize_t kernel_write(struct file *file, const void *buf, size_t count,
  			    loff_t *pos)

  {
  	mm_segment_t old_fs;
  	ssize_t res;
  
  	old_fs = get_fs();
  	set_fs(get_ds());
  	/* The cast to a user pointer is valid due to the set_fs() */

  	res = vfs_write(file, (__force const char __user *)buf, count, pos);

  	set_fs(old_fs);
  
  	return res;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_write);

  ssize_t vfs_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *pos)
  {
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
  		return -EBADF;

  	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_CAN_WRITE))

  		return -EINVAL;
  	if (unlikely(!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, buf, count)))
  		return -EFAULT;
  
  	ret = rw_verify_area(WRITE, file, pos, count);

  	if (!ret) {
  		if (count > MAX_RW_COUNT)
  			count =  MAX_RW_COUNT;

  		file_start_write(file);

  		ret = __vfs_write(file, buf, count, pos);

  		if (ret > 0) {

  			fsnotify_modify(file);

  			add_wchar(current, ret);

  		}

  		inc_syscw(current);

  		file_end_write(file);

  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }

  static inline loff_t file_pos_read(struct file *file)
  {
  	return file->f_pos;
  }
  
  static inline void file_pos_write(struct file *file, loff_t pos)
  {
  	file->f_pos = pos;
  }

  ssize_t ksys_read(unsigned int fd, char __user *buf, size_t count)

  {

  	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);

  	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;

  	if (f.file) {
  		loff_t pos = file_pos_read(f.file);
  		ret = vfs_read(f.file, buf, count, &pos);

  		if (ret >= 0)
  			file_pos_write(f.file, pos);

  		fdput_pos(f);

  	}

  	return ret;
  }

  SYSCALL_DEFINE3(read, unsigned int, fd, char __user *, buf, size_t, count)
  {
  	return ksys_read(fd, buf, count);
  }

  ssize_t ksys_write(unsigned int fd, const char __user *buf, size_t count)

  {

  	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);

  	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;

  	if (f.file) {
  		loff_t pos = file_pos_read(f.file);
  		ret = vfs_write(f.file, buf, count, &pos);

  		if (ret >= 0)
  			file_pos_write(f.file, pos);

  		fdput_pos(f);

  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }

  SYSCALL_DEFINE3(write, unsigned int, fd, const char __user *, buf,
  		size_t, count)
  {
  	return ksys_write(fd, buf, count);
  }

  ssize_t ksys_pread64(unsigned int fd, char __user *buf, size_t count,
  		     loff_t pos)

  {

  	struct fd f;

  	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;

  
  	if (pos < 0)
  		return -EINVAL;

  	f = fdget(fd);
  	if (f.file) {

  		ret = -ESPIPE;

  		if (f.file->f_mode & FMODE_PREAD)
  			ret = vfs_read(f.file, buf, count, &pos);
  		fdput(f);

  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }

  SYSCALL_DEFINE4(pread64, unsigned int, fd, char __user *, buf,
  			size_t, count, loff_t, pos)
  {
  	return ksys_pread64(fd, buf, count, pos);
  }
  
  ssize_t ksys_pwrite64(unsigned int fd, const char __user *buf,
  		      size_t count, loff_t pos)

  {

  	struct fd f;

  	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;

  
  	if (pos < 0)
  		return -EINVAL;

  	f = fdget(fd);
  	if (f.file) {

  		ret = -ESPIPE;

  		if (f.file->f_mode & FMODE_PWRITE)  
  			ret = vfs_write(f.file, buf, count, &pos);
  		fdput(f);

  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }

  SYSCALL_DEFINE4(pwrite64, unsigned int, fd, const char __user *, buf,
  			 size_t, count, loff_t, pos)
  {
  	return ksys_pwrite64(fd, buf, count, pos);
  }

  static ssize_t do_iter_readv_writev(struct file *filp, struct iov_iter *iter,

  		loff_t *ppos, int type, rwf_t flags)

  {
  	struct kiocb kiocb;

  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, filp);

  	ret = kiocb_set_rw_flags(&kiocb, flags);
  	if (ret)
  		return ret;

  	kiocb.ki_pos = *ppos;

  	if (type == READ)

  		ret = call_read_iter(filp, &kiocb, iter);

  	else

  		ret = call_write_iter(filp, &kiocb, iter);

  	BUG_ON(ret == -EIOCBQUEUED);

  	*ppos = kiocb.ki_pos;
  	return ret;
  }

  /* Do it by hand, with file-ops */

  static ssize_t do_loop_readv_writev(struct file *filp, struct iov_iter *iter,

  		loff_t *ppos, int type, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	ssize_t ret = 0;

  	if (flags & ~RWF_HIPRI)

  		return -EOPNOTSUPP;

  	while (iov_iter_count(iter)) {
  		struct iovec iovec = iov_iter_iovec(iter);

  		ssize_t nr;

  		if (type == READ) {
  			nr = filp->f_op->read(filp, iovec.iov_base,
  					      iovec.iov_len, ppos);
  		} else {
  			nr = filp->f_op->write(filp, iovec.iov_base,
  					       iovec.iov_len, ppos);
  		}

  
  		if (nr < 0) {
  			if (!ret)
  				ret = nr;
  			break;
  		}
  		ret += nr;

  		if (nr != iovec.iov_len)

  			break;

  		iov_iter_advance(iter, nr);

  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }

  /* A write operation does a read from user space and vice versa */
  #define vrfy_dir(type) ((type) == READ ? VERIFY_WRITE : VERIFY_READ)

  /**
   * rw_copy_check_uvector() - Copy an array of &struct iovec from userspace
   *     into the kernel and check that it is valid.
   *
   * @type: One of %CHECK_IOVEC_ONLY, %READ, or %WRITE.
   * @uvector: Pointer to the userspace array.
   * @nr_segs: Number of elements in userspace array.
   * @fast_segs: Number of elements in @fast_pointer.
   * @fast_pointer: Pointer to (usually small on-stack) kernel array.
   * @ret_pointer: (output parameter) Pointer to a variable that will point to
   *     either @fast_pointer, a newly allocated kernel array, or NULL,
   *     depending on which array was used.
   *
   * This function copies an array of &struct iovec of @nr_segs from
   * userspace into the kernel and checks that each element is valid (e.g.
   * it does not point to a kernel address or cause overflow by being too
   * large, etc.).
   *
   * As an optimization, the caller may provide a pointer to a small
   * on-stack array in @fast_pointer, typically %UIO_FASTIOV elements long
   * (the size of this array, or 0 if unused, should be given in @fast_segs).
   *
   * @ret_pointer will always point to the array that was used, so the
   * caller must take care not to call kfree() on it e.g. in case the
   * @fast_pointer array was used and it was allocated on the stack.
   *
   * Return: The total number of bytes covered by the iovec array on success
   *   or a negative error code on error.
   */

  ssize_t rw_copy_check_uvector(int type, const struct iovec __user * uvector,
  			      unsigned long nr_segs, unsigned long fast_segs,
  			      struct iovec *fast_pointer,

  			      struct iovec **ret_pointer)

  {

  	unsigned long seg;

  	ssize_t ret;

  	struct iovec *iov = fast_pointer;

  	/*
  	 * SuS says "The readv() function *may* fail if the iovcnt argument
  	 * was less than or equal to 0, or greater than {IOV_MAX}.  Linux has
  	 * traditionally returned zero for zero segments, so...
  	 */

  	if (nr_segs == 0) {
  		ret = 0;

  		goto out;

  	}

  	/*
  	 * First get the "struct iovec" from user memory and
  	 * verify all the pointers
  	 */

  	if (nr_segs > UIO_MAXIOV) {
  		ret = -EINVAL;

  		goto out;

  	}
  	if (nr_segs > fast_segs) {

  		iov = kmalloc_array(nr_segs, sizeof(struct iovec), GFP_KERNEL);

  		if (iov == NULL) {
  			ret = -ENOMEM;

  			goto out;

  		}

  	}

  	if (copy_from_user(iov, uvector, nr_segs*sizeof(*uvector))) {
  		ret = -EFAULT;

  		goto out;

  	}

  	/*

  	 * According to the Single Unix Specification we should return EINVAL
  	 * if an element length is < 0 when cast to ssize_t or if the
  	 * total length would overflow the ssize_t return value of the
  	 * system call.

  	 *
  	 * Linux caps all read/write calls to MAX_RW_COUNT, and avoids the
  	 * overflow case.
  	 */

  	ret = 0;

  	for (seg = 0; seg < nr_segs; seg++) {
  		void __user *buf = iov[seg].iov_base;
  		ssize_t len = (ssize_t)iov[seg].iov_len;

  
  		/* see if we we're about to use an invalid len or if
  		 * it's about to overflow ssize_t */

  		if (len < 0) {

  			ret = -EINVAL;

  			goto out;

  		}

  		if (type >= 0

  		    && unlikely(!access_ok(vrfy_dir(type), buf, len))) {

  			ret = -EFAULT;

  			goto out;
  		}
  		if (len > MAX_RW_COUNT - ret) {
  			len = MAX_RW_COUNT - ret;
  			iov[seg].iov_len = len;

  		}

  		ret += len;

  	}

  out:
  	*ret_pointer = iov;
  	return ret;
  }

  #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
  ssize_t compat_rw_copy_check_uvector(int type,
  		const struct compat_iovec __user *uvector, unsigned long nr_segs,
  		unsigned long fast_segs, struct iovec *fast_pointer,
  		struct iovec **ret_pointer)
  {
  	compat_ssize_t tot_len;
  	struct iovec *iov = *ret_pointer = fast_pointer;
  	ssize_t ret = 0;
  	int seg;
  
  	/*
  	 * SuS says "The readv() function *may* fail if the iovcnt argument
  	 * was less than or equal to 0, or greater than {IOV_MAX}.  Linux has
  	 * traditionally returned zero for zero segments, so...
  	 */
  	if (nr_segs == 0)
  		goto out;
  
  	ret = -EINVAL;
  	if (nr_segs > UIO_MAXIOV)
  		goto out;
  	if (nr_segs > fast_segs) {
  		ret = -ENOMEM;

  		iov = kmalloc_array(nr_segs, sizeof(struct iovec), GFP_KERNEL);

  		if (iov == NULL)
  			goto out;
  	}
  	*ret_pointer = iov;
  
  	ret = -EFAULT;
  	if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, uvector, nr_segs*sizeof(*uvector)))
  		goto out;
  
  	/*
  	 * Single unix specification:
  	 * We should -EINVAL if an element length is not >= 0 and fitting an
  	 * ssize_t.
  	 *
  	 * In Linux, the total length is limited to MAX_RW_COUNT, there is
  	 * no overflow possibility.
  	 */
  	tot_len = 0;
  	ret = -EINVAL;
  	for (seg = 0; seg < nr_segs; seg++) {
  		compat_uptr_t buf;
  		compat_ssize_t len;
  
  		if (__get_user(len, &uvector->iov_len) ||
  		   __get_user(buf, &uvector->iov_base)) {
  			ret = -EFAULT;
  			goto out;
  		}
  		if (len < 0)	/* size_t not fitting in compat_ssize_t .. */
  			goto out;
  		if (type >= 0 &&
  		    !access_ok(vrfy_dir(type), compat_ptr(buf), len)) {
  			ret = -EFAULT;
  			goto out;
  		}
  		if (len > MAX_RW_COUNT - tot_len)
  			len = MAX_RW_COUNT - tot_len;
  		tot_len += len;
  		iov->iov_base = compat_ptr(buf);
  		iov->iov_len = (compat_size_t) len;
  		uvector++;
  		iov++;
  	}
  	ret = tot_len;
  
  out:
  	return ret;
  }
  #endif

  static ssize_t do_iter_read(struct file *file, struct iov_iter *iter,

  		loff_t *pos, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	size_t tot_len;

  	ssize_t ret = 0;

  	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
  		return -EBADF;
  	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_CAN_READ))
  		return -EINVAL;

  	tot_len = iov_iter_count(iter);

  	if (!tot_len)
  		goto out;

  	ret = rw_verify_area(READ, file, pos, tot_len);

  	if (ret < 0)

  		return ret;

  	if (file->f_op->read_iter)
  		ret = do_iter_readv_writev(file, iter, pos, READ, flags);

  	else

  		ret = do_loop_readv_writev(file, iter, pos, READ, flags);

  out:

  	if (ret >= 0)
  		fsnotify_access(file);

  	return ret;

  }

  ssize_t vfs_iter_read(struct file *file, struct iov_iter *iter, loff_t *ppos,

  		rwf_t flags)

  {

  	if (!file->f_op->read_iter)
  		return -EINVAL;
  	return do_iter_read(file, iter, ppos, flags);
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_iter_read);

  static ssize_t do_iter_write(struct file *file, struct iov_iter *iter,

  		loff_t *pos, rwf_t flags)

  {
  	size_t tot_len;
  	ssize_t ret = 0;

  	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
  		return -EBADF;
  	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_CAN_WRITE))
  		return -EINVAL;

  	tot_len = iov_iter_count(iter);
  	if (!tot_len)
  		return 0;
  	ret = rw_verify_area(WRITE, file, pos, tot_len);

  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;

  	if (file->f_op->write_iter)
  		ret = do_iter_readv_writev(file, iter, pos, WRITE, flags);
  	else
  		ret = do_loop_readv_writev(file, iter, pos, WRITE, flags);

  	if (ret > 0)
  		fsnotify_modify(file);

  	return ret;
  }

  ssize_t vfs_iter_write(struct file *file, struct iov_iter *iter, loff_t *ppos,

  		rwf_t flags)

  {
  	if (!file->f_op->write_iter)
  		return -EINVAL;
  	return do_iter_write(file, iter, ppos, flags);
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_iter_write);

  ssize_t vfs_readv(struct file *file, const struct iovec __user *vec,

  		  unsigned long vlen, loff_t *pos, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	struct iovec iovstack[UIO_FASTIOV];
  	struct iovec *iov = iovstack;
  	struct iov_iter iter;
  	ssize_t ret;

  	ret = import_iovec(READ, vec, vlen, ARRAY_SIZE(iovstack), &iov, &iter);

  	if (ret >= 0) {
  		ret = do_iter_read(file, &iter, pos, flags);
  		kfree(iov);
  	}

  	return ret;
  }

  static ssize_t vfs_writev(struct file *file, const struct iovec __user *vec,

  		   unsigned long vlen, loff_t *pos, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	struct iovec iovstack[UIO_FASTIOV];
  	struct iovec *iov = iovstack;
  	struct iov_iter iter;
  	ssize_t ret;

  	ret = import_iovec(WRITE, vec, vlen, ARRAY_SIZE(iovstack), &iov, &iter);

  	if (ret >= 0) {

  		file_start_write(file);

  		ret = do_iter_write(file, &iter, pos, flags);

  		file_end_write(file);

  		kfree(iov);
  	}

  	return ret;

  }

  static ssize_t do_readv(unsigned long fd, const struct iovec __user *vec,

  			unsigned long vlen, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);

  	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;

  	if (f.file) {
  		loff_t pos = file_pos_read(f.file);

  		ret = vfs_readv(f.file, vec, vlen, &pos, flags);

  		if (ret >= 0)
  			file_pos_write(f.file, pos);

  		fdput_pos(f);

  	}
  
  	if (ret > 0)

  		add_rchar(current, ret);
  	inc_syscr(current);

  	return ret;
  }

  static ssize_t do_writev(unsigned long fd, const struct iovec __user *vec,

  			 unsigned long vlen, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);

  	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;

  	if (f.file) {
  		loff_t pos = file_pos_read(f.file);

  		ret = vfs_writev(f.file, vec, vlen, &pos, flags);

  		if (ret >= 0)
  			file_pos_write(f.file, pos);

  		fdput_pos(f);

  	}
  
  	if (ret > 0)

  		add_wchar(current, ret);
  	inc_syscw(current);

  	return ret;
  }

  static inline loff_t pos_from_hilo(unsigned long high, unsigned long low)
  {
  #define HALF_LONG_BITS (BITS_PER_LONG / 2)
  	return (((loff_t)high << HALF_LONG_BITS) << HALF_LONG_BITS) | low;
  }

  static ssize_t do_preadv(unsigned long fd, const struct iovec __user *vec,

  			 unsigned long vlen, loff_t pos, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	struct fd f;

  	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;

  
  	if (pos < 0)
  		return -EINVAL;

  	f = fdget(fd);
  	if (f.file) {

  		ret = -ESPIPE;

  		if (f.file->f_mode & FMODE_PREAD)

  			ret = vfs_readv(f.file, vec, vlen, &pos, flags);

  		fdput(f);

  	}
  
  	if (ret > 0)
  		add_rchar(current, ret);
  	inc_syscr(current);
  	return ret;
  }

  static ssize_t do_pwritev(unsigned long fd, const struct iovec __user *vec,

  			  unsigned long vlen, loff_t pos, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	struct fd f;

  	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;

  
  	if (pos < 0)
  		return -EINVAL;

  	f = fdget(fd);
  	if (f.file) {

  		ret = -ESPIPE;

  		if (f.file->f_mode & FMODE_PWRITE)

  			ret = vfs_writev(f.file, vec, vlen, &pos, flags);

  		fdput(f);

  	}
  
  	if (ret > 0)
  		add_wchar(current, ret);
  	inc_syscw(current);
  	return ret;
  }

  SYSCALL_DEFINE3(readv, unsigned long, fd, const struct iovec __user *, vec,
  		unsigned long, vlen)
  {
  	return do_readv(fd, vec, vlen, 0);
  }
  
  SYSCALL_DEFINE3(writev, unsigned long, fd, const struct iovec __user *, vec,
  		unsigned long, vlen)
  {
  	return do_writev(fd, vec, vlen, 0);
  }
  
  SYSCALL_DEFINE5(preadv, unsigned long, fd, const struct iovec __user *, vec,
  		unsigned long, vlen, unsigned long, pos_l, unsigned long, pos_h)
  {
  	loff_t pos = pos_from_hilo(pos_h, pos_l);
  
  	return do_preadv(fd, vec, vlen, pos, 0);
  }
  
  SYSCALL_DEFINE6(preadv2, unsigned long, fd, const struct iovec __user *, vec,
  		unsigned long, vlen, unsigned long, pos_l, unsigned long, pos_h,

  		rwf_t, flags)

  {
  	loff_t pos = pos_from_hilo(pos_h, pos_l);
  
  	if (pos == -1)
  		return do_readv(fd, vec, vlen, flags);
  
  	return do_preadv(fd, vec, vlen, pos, flags);
  }
  
  SYSCALL_DEFINE5(pwritev, unsigned long, fd, const struct iovec __user *, vec,
  		unsigned long, vlen, unsigned long, pos_l, unsigned long, pos_h)
  {
  	loff_t pos = pos_from_hilo(pos_h, pos_l);
  
  	return do_pwritev(fd, vec, vlen, pos, 0);
  }
  
  SYSCALL_DEFINE6(pwritev2, unsigned long, fd, const struct iovec __user *, vec,
  		unsigned long, vlen, unsigned long, pos_l, unsigned long, pos_h,

  		rwf_t, flags)

  {
  	loff_t pos = pos_from_hilo(pos_h, pos_l);
  
  	if (pos == -1)
  		return do_writev(fd, vec, vlen, flags);
  
  	return do_pwritev(fd, vec, vlen, pos, flags);
  }

  #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT

  static size_t compat_readv(struct file *file,
  			   const struct compat_iovec __user *vec,

  			   unsigned long vlen, loff_t *pos, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	struct iovec iovstack[UIO_FASTIOV];
  	struct iovec *iov = iovstack;

  	struct iov_iter iter;

  	ssize_t ret;

  	ret = compat_import_iovec(READ, vec, vlen, UIO_FASTIOV, &iov, &iter);

  	if (ret >= 0) {
  		ret = do_iter_read(file, &iter, pos, flags);
  		kfree(iov);
  	}

  	if (ret > 0)
  		add_rchar(current, ret);
  	inc_syscr(current);
  	return ret;
  }

  static size_t do_compat_readv(compat_ulong_t fd,
  				 const struct compat_iovec __user *vec,

  				 compat_ulong_t vlen, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);

  	ssize_t ret;
  	loff_t pos;
  
  	if (!f.file)
  		return -EBADF;
  	pos = f.file->f_pos;

  	ret = compat_readv(f.file, vec, vlen, &pos, flags);

  	if (ret >= 0)
  		f.file->f_pos = pos;

  	fdput_pos(f);

  	return ret;

  }

  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE3(readv, compat_ulong_t, fd,
  		const struct compat_iovec __user *,vec,
  		compat_ulong_t, vlen)
  {
  	return do_compat_readv(fd, vec, vlen, 0);
  }
  
  static long do_compat_preadv64(unsigned long fd,

  				  const struct compat_iovec __user *vec,

  				  unsigned long vlen, loff_t pos, rwf_t flags)

  {
  	struct fd f;
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	if (pos < 0)
  		return -EINVAL;
  	f = fdget(fd);
  	if (!f.file)
  		return -EBADF;
  	ret = -ESPIPE;
  	if (f.file->f_mode & FMODE_PREAD)

  		ret = compat_readv(f.file, vec, vlen, &pos, flags);

  	fdput(f);
  	return ret;
  }

  #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_SYS_PREADV64
  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(preadv64, unsigned long, fd,
  		const struct compat_iovec __user *,vec,
  		unsigned long, vlen, loff_t, pos)
  {

  	return do_compat_preadv64(fd, vec, vlen, pos, 0);

  }
  #endif

  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE5(preadv, compat_ulong_t, fd,

  		const struct compat_iovec __user *,vec,

  		compat_ulong_t, vlen, u32, pos_low, u32, pos_high)

  {
  	loff_t pos = ((loff_t)pos_high << 32) | pos_low;

  	return do_compat_preadv64(fd, vec, vlen, pos, 0);
  }

  #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_SYS_PREADV64V2
  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE5(preadv64v2, unsigned long, fd,
  		const struct compat_iovec __user *,vec,

  		unsigned long, vlen, loff_t, pos, rwf_t, flags)

  {

  	if (pos == -1)
  		return do_compat_readv(fd, vec, vlen, flags);

  	return do_compat_preadv64(fd, vec, vlen, pos, flags);
  }
  #endif

  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE6(preadv2, compat_ulong_t, fd,
  		const struct compat_iovec __user *,vec,
  		compat_ulong_t, vlen, u32, pos_low, u32, pos_high,

  		rwf_t, flags)

  {
  	loff_t pos = ((loff_t)pos_high << 32) | pos_low;
  
  	if (pos == -1)
  		return do_compat_readv(fd, vec, vlen, flags);
  
  	return do_compat_preadv64(fd, vec, vlen, pos, flags);

  }
  
  static size_t compat_writev(struct file *file,
  			    const struct compat_iovec __user *vec,

  			    unsigned long vlen, loff_t *pos, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	struct iovec iovstack[UIO_FASTIOV];
  	struct iovec *iov = iovstack;
  	struct iov_iter iter;

  	ssize_t ret;

  	ret = compat_import_iovec(WRITE, vec, vlen, UIO_FASTIOV, &iov, &iter);

  	if (ret >= 0) {

  		file_start_write(file);

  		ret = do_iter_write(file, &iter, pos, flags);

  		file_end_write(file);

  		kfree(iov);
  	}

  	if (ret > 0)
  		add_wchar(current, ret);
  	inc_syscw(current);
  	return ret;
  }

  static size_t do_compat_writev(compat_ulong_t fd,
  				  const struct compat_iovec __user* vec,

  				  compat_ulong_t vlen, rwf_t flags)

  {

  	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);

  	ssize_t ret;
  	loff_t pos;
  
  	if (!f.file)
  		return -EBADF;
  	pos = f.file->f_pos;

  	ret = compat_writev(f.file, vec, vlen, &pos, flags);

  	if (ret >= 0)
  		f.file->f_pos = pos;

  	fdput_pos(f);

  	return ret;
  }

  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE3(writev, compat_ulong_t, fd,
  		const struct compat_iovec __user *, vec,
  		compat_ulong_t, vlen)
  {
  	return do_compat_writev(fd, vec, vlen, 0);
  }
  
  static long do_compat_pwritev64(unsigned long fd,

  				   const struct compat_iovec __user *vec,

  				   unsigned long vlen, loff_t pos, rwf_t flags)

  {
  	struct fd f;
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	if (pos < 0)
  		return -EINVAL;
  	f = fdget(fd);
  	if (!f.file)
  		return -EBADF;
  	ret = -ESPIPE;
  	if (f.file->f_mode & FMODE_PWRITE)

  		ret = compat_writev(f.file, vec, vlen, &pos, flags);

  	fdput(f);
  	return ret;
  }

  #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_SYS_PWRITEV64
  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(pwritev64, unsigned long, fd,
  		const struct compat_iovec __user *,vec,
  		unsigned long, vlen, loff_t, pos)
  {

  	return do_compat_pwritev64(fd, vec, vlen, pos, 0);

  }
  #endif

  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE5(pwritev, compat_ulong_t, fd,

  		const struct compat_iovec __user *,vec,

  		compat_ulong_t, vlen, u32, pos_low, u32, pos_high)

  {
  	loff_t pos = ((loff_t)pos_high << 32) | pos_low;

  	return do_compat_pwritev64(fd, vec, vlen, pos, 0);

  }

  #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_SYS_PWRITEV64V2
  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE5(pwritev64v2, unsigned long, fd,
  		const struct compat_iovec __user *,vec,

  		unsigned long, vlen, loff_t, pos, rwf_t, flags)

  {

  	if (pos == -1)
  		return do_compat_writev(fd, vec, vlen, flags);

  	return do_compat_pwritev64(fd, vec, vlen, pos, flags);
  }
  #endif

  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE6(pwritev2, compat_ulong_t, fd,
  		const struct compat_iovec __user *,vec,

  		compat_ulong_t, vlen, u32, pos_low, u32, pos_high, rwf_t, flags)

  {
  	loff_t pos = ((loff_t)pos_high << 32) | pos_low;
  
  	if (pos == -1)
  		return do_compat_writev(fd, vec, vlen, flags);
  
  	return do_compat_pwritev64(fd, vec, vlen, pos, flags);

  }

  #endif

  static ssize_t do_sendfile(int out_fd, int in_fd, loff_t *ppos,
  		  	   size_t count, loff_t max)

  {

  	struct fd in, out;
  	struct inode *in_inode, *out_inode;

  	loff_t pos;

  	loff_t out_pos;

  	ssize_t retval;

  	int fl;

  
  	/*
  	 * Get input file, and verify that it is ok..
  	 */
  	retval = -EBADF;

  	in = fdget(in_fd);
  	if (!in.file)

  		goto out;

  	if (!(in.file->f_mode & FMODE_READ))

  		goto fput_in;

  	retval = -ESPIPE;

  	if (!ppos) {
  		pos = in.file->f_pos;
  	} else {
  		pos = *ppos;

  		if (!(in.file->f_mode & FMODE_PREAD))

  			goto fput_in;

  	}
  	retval = rw_verify_area(READ, in.file, &pos, count);

  	if (retval < 0)

  		goto fput_in;

  	if (count > MAX_RW_COUNT)
  		count =  MAX_RW_COUNT;

  	/*
  	 * Get output file, and verify that it is ok..
  	 */
  	retval = -EBADF;

  	out = fdget(out_fd);
  	if (!out.file)

  		goto fput_in;

  	if (!(out.file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))

  		goto fput_out;
  	retval = -EINVAL;

  	in_inode = file_inode(in.file);
  	out_inode = file_inode(out.file);

  	out_pos = out.file->f_pos;
  	retval = rw_verify_area(WRITE, out.file, &out_pos, count);

  	if (retval < 0)

  		goto fput_out;

  	if (!max)
  		max = min(in_inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes, out_inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes);

  	if (unlikely(pos + count > max)) {
  		retval = -EOVERFLOW;
  		if (pos >= max)
  			goto fput_out;
  		count = max - pos;
  	}

  	fl = 0;

  #if 0

  	/*
  	 * We need to debate whether we can enable this or not. The
  	 * man page documents EAGAIN return for the output at least,
  	 * and the application is arguably buggy if it doesn't expect
  	 * EAGAIN on a non-blocking file descriptor.
  	 */

  	if (in.file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)

  		fl = SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK;

  #endif

  	file_start_write(out.file);

  	retval = do_splice_direct(in.file, &pos, out.file, &out_pos, count, fl);

  	file_end_write(out.file);

  
  	if (retval > 0) {

  		add_rchar(current, retval);
  		add_wchar(current, retval);

  		fsnotify_access(in.file);
  		fsnotify_modify(out.file);

  		out.file->f_pos = out_pos;
  		if (ppos)
  			*ppos = pos;
  		else
  			in.file->f_pos = pos;

  	}

  	inc_syscr(current);
  	inc_syscw(current);

  	if (pos > max)

  		retval = -EOVERFLOW;
  
  fput_out:

  	fdput(out);

  fput_in:

  	fdput(in);

  out:
  	return retval;
  }

  SYSCALL_DEFINE4(sendfile, int, out_fd, int, in_fd, off_t __user *, offset, size_t, count)

  {
  	loff_t pos;
  	off_t off;
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	if (offset) {
  		if (unlikely(get_user(off, offset)))
  			return -EFAULT;
  		pos = off;
  		ret = do_sendfile(out_fd, in_fd, &pos, count, MAX_NON_LFS);
  		if (unlikely(put_user(pos, offset)))
  			return -EFAULT;
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	return do_sendfile(out_fd, in_fd, NULL, count, 0);
  }

  SYSCALL_DEFINE4(sendfile64, int, out_fd, int, in_fd, loff_t __user *, offset, size_t, count)

  {
  	loff_t pos;
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	if (offset) {
  		if (unlikely(copy_from_user(&pos, offset, sizeof(loff_t))))
  			return -EFAULT;
  		ret = do_sendfile(out_fd, in_fd, &pos, count, 0);
  		if (unlikely(put_user(pos, offset)))
  			return -EFAULT;
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	return do_sendfile(out_fd, in_fd, NULL, count, 0);
  }

  
  #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(sendfile, int, out_fd, int, in_fd,
  		compat_off_t __user *, offset, compat_size_t, count)
  {
  	loff_t pos;
  	off_t off;
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	if (offset) {
  		if (unlikely(get_user(off, offset)))
  			return -EFAULT;
  		pos = off;
  		ret = do_sendfile(out_fd, in_fd, &pos, count, MAX_NON_LFS);
  		if (unlikely(put_user(pos, offset)))
  			return -EFAULT;
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	return do_sendfile(out_fd, in_fd, NULL, count, 0);
  }
  
  COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(sendfile64, int, out_fd, int, in_fd,
  		compat_loff_t __user *, offset, compat_size_t, count)
  {
  	loff_t pos;
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	if (offset) {
  		if (unlikely(copy_from_user(&pos, offset, sizeof(loff_t))))
  			return -EFAULT;
  		ret = do_sendfile(out_fd, in_fd, &pos, count, 0);
  		if (unlikely(put_user(pos, offset)))
  			return -EFAULT;
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	return do_sendfile(out_fd, in_fd, NULL, count, 0);
  }
  #endif

  
  /*
   * copy_file_range() differs from regular file read and write in that it
   * specifically allows return partial success.  When it does so is up to
   * the copy_file_range method.
   */
  ssize_t vfs_copy_file_range(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
  			    struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out,
  			    size_t len, unsigned int flags)
  {
  	struct inode *inode_in = file_inode(file_in);
  	struct inode *inode_out = file_inode(file_out);
  	ssize_t ret;
  
  	if (flags != 0)
  		return -EINVAL;

  	if (S_ISDIR(inode_in->i_mode) || S_ISDIR(inode_out->i_mode))
  		return -EISDIR;
  	if (!S_ISREG(inode_in->i_mode) || !S_ISREG(inode_out->i_mode))
  		return -EINVAL;

  	ret = rw_verify_area(READ, file_in, &pos_in, len);

  	if (unlikely(ret))
  		return ret;
  
  	ret = rw_verify_area(WRITE, file_out, &pos_out, len);
  	if (unlikely(ret))

  		return ret;
  
  	if (!(file_in->f_mode & FMODE_READ) ||
  	    !(file_out->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) ||

  	    (file_out->f_flags & O_APPEND))

  		return -EBADF;
  
  	/* this could be relaxed once a method supports cross-fs copies */
  	if (inode_in->i_sb != inode_out->i_sb)
  		return -EXDEV;
  
  	if (len == 0)
  		return 0;

  	file_start_write(file_out);

  	/*
  	 * Try cloning first, this is supported by more file systems, and
  	 * more efficient if both clone and copy are supported (e.g. NFS).
  	 */
  	if (file_in->f_op->clone_file_range) {
  		ret = file_in->f_op->clone_file_range(file_in, pos_in,
  				file_out, pos_out, len);
  		if (ret == 0) {
  			ret = len;
  			goto done;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (file_out->f_op->copy_file_range) {

  		ret = file_out->f_op->copy_file_range(file_in, pos_in, file_out,
  						      pos_out, len, flags);

  		if (ret != -EOPNOTSUPP)
  			goto done;
  	}

  	ret = do_splice_direct(file_in, &pos_in, file_out, &pos_out,
  			len > MAX_RW_COUNT ? MAX_RW_COUNT : len, 0);

  done:

  	if (ret > 0) {
  		fsnotify_access(file_in);
  		add_rchar(current, ret);
  		fsnotify_modify(file_out);
  		add_wchar(current, ret);
  	}

  	inc_syscr(current);
  	inc_syscw(current);

  	file_end_write(file_out);

  
  	return ret;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_copy_file_range);
  
  SYSCALL_DEFINE6(copy_file_range, int, fd_in, loff_t __user *, off_in,
  		int, fd_out, loff_t __user *, off_out,
  		size_t, len, unsigned int, flags)
  {
  	loff_t pos_in;
  	loff_t pos_out;
  	struct fd f_in;
  	struct fd f_out;
  	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
  
  	f_in = fdget(fd_in);
  	if (!f_in.file)
  		goto out2;
  
  	f_out = fdget(fd_out);
  	if (!f_out.file)
  		goto out1;
  
  	ret = -EFAULT;
  	if (off_in) {
  		if (copy_from_user(&pos_in, off_in, sizeof(loff_t)))
  			goto out;
  	} else {
  		pos_in = f_in.file->f_pos;
  	}
  
  	if (off_out) {
  		if (copy_from_user(&pos_out, off_out, sizeof(loff_t)))
  			goto out;
  	} else {
  		pos_out = f_out.file->f_pos;
  	}
  
  	ret = vfs_copy_file_range(f_in.file, pos_in, f_out.file, pos_out, len,
  				  flags);
  	if (ret > 0) {
  		pos_in += ret;
  		pos_out += ret;
  
  		if (off_in) {
  			if (copy_to_user(off_in, &pos_in, sizeof(loff_t)))
  				ret = -EFAULT;
  		} else {
  			f_in.file->f_pos = pos_in;
  		}
  
  		if (off_out) {
  			if (copy_to_user(off_out, &pos_out, sizeof(loff_t)))
  				ret = -EFAULT;
  		} else {
  			f_out.file->f_pos = pos_out;
  		}
  	}
  
  out:
  	fdput(f_out);
  out1:
  	fdput(f_in);
  out2:
  	return ret;
  }

  
  static int clone_verify_area(struct file *file, loff_t pos, u64 len, bool write)
  {
  	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
  
  	if (unlikely(pos < 0))
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	 if (unlikely((loff_t) (pos + len) < 0))
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (unlikely(inode->i_flctx && mandatory_lock(inode))) {
  		loff_t end = len ? pos + len - 1 : OFFSET_MAX;
  		int retval;
  
  		retval = locks_mandatory_area(inode, file, pos, end,
  				write ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK);
  		if (retval < 0)
  			return retval;
  	}
  
  	return security_file_permission(file, write ? MAY_WRITE : MAY_READ);
  }

  /*
   * Check that the two inodes are eligible for cloning, the ranges make
   * sense, and then flush all dirty data.  Caller must ensure that the
   * inodes have been locked against any other modifications.

   *
   * Returns: 0 for "nothing to clone", 1 for "something to clone", or
   * the usual negative error code.

   */
  int vfs_clone_file_prep_inodes(struct inode *inode_in, loff_t pos_in,
  			       struct inode *inode_out, loff_t pos_out,
  			       u64 *len, bool is_dedupe)
  {
  	loff_t bs = inode_out->i_sb->s_blocksize;
  	loff_t blen;
  	loff_t isize;
  	bool same_inode = (inode_in == inode_out);
  	int ret;
  
  	/* Don't touch certain kinds of inodes */
  	if (IS_IMMUTABLE(inode_out))
  		return -EPERM;
  
  	if (IS_SWAPFILE(inode_in) || IS_SWAPFILE(inode_out))
  		return -ETXTBSY;
  
  	/* Don't reflink dirs, pipes, sockets... */
  	if (S_ISDIR(inode_in->i_mode) || S_ISDIR(inode_out->i_mode))
  		return -EISDIR;
  	if (!S_ISREG(inode_in->i_mode) || !S_ISREG(inode_out->i_mode))
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	/* Are we going all the way to the end? */
  	isize = i_size_read(inode_in);

  	if (isize == 0)

  		return 0;

  
  	/* Zero length dedupe exits immediately; reflink goes to EOF. */
  	if (*len == 0) {

  		if (is_dedupe || pos_in == isize)

  			return 0;

  		if (pos_in > isize)
  			return -EINVAL;

  		*len = isize - pos_in;
  	}
  
  	/* Ensure offsets don't wrap and the input is inside i_size */
  	if (pos_in + *len < pos_in || pos_out + *len < pos_out ||
  	    pos_in + *len > isize)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	/* Don't allow dedupe past EOF in the dest file */
  	if (is_dedupe) {
  		loff_t	disize;
  
  		disize = i_size_read(inode_out);
  		if (pos_out >= disize || pos_out + *len > disize)
  			return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	/* If we're linking to EOF, continue to the block boundary. */
  	if (pos_in + *len == isize)
  		blen = ALIGN(isize, bs) - pos_in;
  	else
  		blen = *len;
  
  	/* Only reflink if we're aligned to block boundaries */
  	if (!IS_ALIGNED(pos_in, bs) || !IS_ALIGNED(pos_in + blen, bs) ||
  	    !IS_ALIGNED(pos_out, bs) || !IS_ALIGNED(pos_out + blen, bs))
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	/* Don't allow overlapped reflink within the same file */
  	if (same_inode) {
  		if (pos_out + blen > pos_in && pos_out < pos_in + blen)
  			return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	/* Wait for the completion of any pending IOs on both files */
  	inode_dio_wait(inode_in);
  	if (!same_inode)
  		inode_dio_wait(inode_out);
  
  	ret = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode_in->i_mapping,
  			pos_in, pos_in + *len - 1);
  	if (ret)
  		return ret;
  
  	ret = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode_out->i_mapping,
  			pos_out, pos_out + *len - 1);
  	if (ret)
  		return ret;
  
  	/*
  	 * Check that the extents are the same.
  	 */
  	if (is_dedupe) {
  		bool		is_same = false;
  
  		ret = vfs_dedupe_file_range_compare(inode_in, pos_in,
  				inode_out, pos_out, *len, &is_same);
  		if (ret)
  			return ret;
  		if (!is_same)
  			return -EBADE;
  	}

  	return 1;

  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_clone_file_prep_inodes);

  int do_clone_file_range(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
  			struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out, u64 len)

  {
  	struct inode *inode_in = file_inode(file_in);
  	struct inode *inode_out = file_inode(file_out);
  	int ret;

  	if (S_ISDIR(inode_in->i_mode) || S_ISDIR(inode_out->i_mode))
  		return -EISDIR;
  	if (!S_ISREG(inode_in->i_mode) || !S_ISREG(inode_out->i_mode))
  		return -EINVAL;

  	/*
  	 * FICLONE/FICLONERANGE ioctls enforce that src and dest files are on
  	 * the same mount. Practically, they only need to be on the same file
  	 * system.
  	 */
  	if (inode_in->i_sb != inode_out->i_sb)

  		return -EXDEV;

  	if (!(file_in->f_mode & FMODE_READ) ||
  	    !(file_out->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) ||

  	    (file_out->f_flags & O_APPEND))

  		return -EBADF;