/*
   *  Copyright (c) 2004 James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>
   *  Driver CA0106 chips. e.g. Sound Blaster Audigy LS and Live 24bit

   *  Version: 0.0.25

   *
   *  FEATURES currently supported:
   *    Front, Rear and Center/LFE.
   *    Surround40 and Surround51.
   *    Capture from MIC an LINE IN input.
   *    SPDIF digital playback of PCM stereo and AC3/DTS works.
   *    (One can use a standard mono mini-jack to one RCA plugs cable.
   *     or one can use a standard stereo mini-jack to two RCA plugs cable.
   *     Plug one of the RCA plugs into the Coax input of the external decoder/receiver.)
   *    ( In theory one could output 3 different AC3 streams at once, to 3 different SPDIF outputs. )
   *    Notes on how to capture sound:
   *      The AC97 is used in the PLAYBACK direction.
   *      The output from the AC97 chip, instead of reaching the speakers, is fed into the Philips 1361T ADC.
   *      So, to record from the MIC, set the MIC Playback volume to max,
   *      unmute the MIC and turn up the MASTER Playback volume.
   *      So, to prevent feedback when capturing, minimise the "Capture feedback into Playback" volume.
   *   
   *    The only playback controls that currently do anything are: -
   *    Analog Front
   *    Analog Rear
   *    Analog Center/LFE
   *    SPDIF Front
   *    SPDIF Rear
   *    SPDIF Center/LFE
   *   
   *    For capture from Mic in or Line in.
   *    Digital/Analog ( switch must be in Analog mode for CAPTURE. )
   * 
   *    CAPTURE feedback into PLAYBACK
   * 
   *  Changelog:
   *    Support interrupts per period.
   *    Removed noise from Center/LFE channel when in Analog mode.
   *    Rename and remove mixer controls.
   *  0.0.6
   *    Use separate card based DMA buffer for periods table list.
   *  0.0.7
   *    Change remove and rename ctrls into lists.
   *  0.0.8
   *    Try to fix capture sources.
   *  0.0.9
   *    Fix AC3 output.
   *    Enable S32_LE format support.
   *  0.0.10
   *    Enable playback 48000 and 96000 rates. (Rates other that these do not work, even with "plug:front".)
   *  0.0.11
   *    Add Model name recognition.
   *  0.0.12
   *    Correct interrupt timing. interrupt at end of period, instead of in the middle of a playback period.
   *    Remove redundent "voice" handling.
   *  0.0.13
   *    Single trigger call for multi channels.
   *  0.0.14
   *    Set limits based on what the sound card hardware can do.
   *    playback periods_min=2, periods_max=8
   *    capture hw constraints require period_size = n * 64 bytes.
   *    playback hw constraints require period_size = n * 64 bytes.
   *  0.0.15
   *    Minor updates.
   *  0.0.16
   *    Implement 192000 sample rate.
   *  0.0.17
   *    Add support for SB0410 and SB0413.
   *  0.0.18
   *    Modified Copyright message.
   *  0.0.19
   *    Finally fix support for SB Live 24 bit. SB0410 and SB0413.
   *    The output codec needs resetting, otherwise all output is muted.
   *  0.0.20
   *    Merge "pci_disable_device(pci);" fixes.
   *  0.0.21
   *    Add 4 capture channels. (SPDIF only comes in on channel 0. )
   *    Add SPDIF capture using optional digital I/O module for SB Live 24bit. (Analog capture does not yet work.)
   *  0.0.22
   *    Add support for MSI K8N Diamond Motherboard with onboard SB Live 24bit without AC97. From kiksen, bug #901

   *  0.0.23
   *    Implement support for Line-in capture on SB Live 24bit.

   *  0.0.24
   *    Add support for mute control on SB Live 24bit (cards w/ SPI DAC)

   *  0.0.25
   *    Powerdown SPI DAC channels when not in use

   *
   *  BUGS:
   *    Some stability problems when unloading the snd-ca0106 kernel module.
   *    --
   *
   *  TODO:
   *    4 Capture channels, only one implemented so far.
   *    Other capture rates apart from 48khz not implemented.
   *    MIDI
   *    --
   *  GENERAL INFO:
   *    Model: SB0310
   *    P17 Chip: CA0106-DAT
   *    AC97 Codec: STAC 9721
   *    ADC: Philips 1361T (Stereo 24bit)
   *    DAC: WM8746EDS (6-channel, 24bit, 192Khz)
   *
   *  GENERAL INFO:
   *    Model: SB0410
   *    P17 Chip: CA0106-DAT
   *    AC97 Codec: None
   *    ADC: WM8775EDS (4 Channel)
   *    DAC: CS4382 (114 dB, 24-Bit, 192 kHz, 8-Channel D/A Converter with DSD Support)
   *    SPDIF Out control switches between Mic in and SPDIF out.
   *    No sound out or mic input working yet.
   * 
   *  GENERAL INFO:
   *    Model: SB0413
   *    P17 Chip: CA0106-DAT
   *    AC97 Codec: None.
   *    ADC: Unknown
   *    DAC: Unknown
   *    Trying to handle it like the SB0410.
   *

   *  This code was initially based on code from ALSA's emu10k1x.c which is:

   *  Copyright (c) by Francisco Moraes <fmoraes@nc.rr.com>
   *
   *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   *   (at your option) any later version.
   *
   *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   *   GNU General Public License for more details.
   *
   *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
   *
   */

  #include <linux/delay.h>
  #include <linux/init.h>
  #include <linux/interrupt.h>
  #include <linux/pci.h>
  #include <linux/slab.h>

  #include <linux/module.h>

  #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>

  #include <sound/core.h>
  #include <sound/initval.h>
  #include <sound/pcm.h>
  #include <sound/ac97_codec.h>
  #include <sound/info.h>
  
  MODULE_AUTHOR("James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>");
  MODULE_DESCRIPTION("CA0106");
  MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
  MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Creative,SB CA0106 chip}}");
  
  // module parameters (see "Module Parameters")
  static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX;
  static char *id[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR;

  static bool enable[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_ENABLE_PNP;

  static uint subsystem[SNDRV_CARDS]; /* Force card subsystem model */

  
  module_param_array(index, int, NULL, 0444);
  MODULE_PARM_DESC(index, "Index value for the CA0106 soundcard.");
  module_param_array(id, charp, NULL, 0444);
  MODULE_PARM_DESC(id, "ID string for the CA0106 soundcard.");
  module_param_array(enable, bool, NULL, 0444);
  MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable, "Enable the CA0106 soundcard.");

  module_param_array(subsystem, uint, NULL, 0444);
  MODULE_PARM_DESC(subsystem, "Force card subsystem model.");

  
  #include "ca0106.h"

  static struct snd_ca0106_details ca0106_chip_details[] = {

  	 /* Sound Blaster X-Fi Extreme Audio. This does not have an AC97. 53SB079000000 */
  	 /* It is really just a normal SB Live 24bit. */

  	 /* Tested:
  	  * See ALSA bug#3251
  	  */
  	 { .serial = 0x10131102,
  	   .name   = "X-Fi Extreme Audio [SBxxxx]",
  	   .gpio_type = 1,
  	   .i2c_adc = 1 } ,
  	 /* Sound Blaster X-Fi Extreme Audio. This does not have an AC97. 53SB079000000 */
  	 /* It is really just a normal SB Live 24bit. */

  	 /*
   	  * CTRL:CA0111-WTLF
  	  * ADC: WM8775SEDS
  	  * DAC: CS4382-KQZ
  	  */
  	 /* Tested:
  	  * Playback on front, rear, center/lfe speakers
  	  * Capture from Mic in.
  	  * Not-Tested:
  	  * Capture from Line in.
  	  * Playback to digital out.
  	  */
  	 { .serial = 0x10121102,
  	   .name   = "X-Fi Extreme Audio [SB0790]",
  	   .gpio_type = 1,
  	   .i2c_adc = 1 } ,
  	 /* New Dell Sound Blaster Live! 7.1 24bit. This does not have an AC97.  */

  	 /* AudigyLS[SB0310] */
  	 { .serial = 0x10021102,
  	   .name   = "AudigyLS [SB0310]",
  	   .ac97   = 1 } , 
  	 /* Unknown AudigyLS that also says SB0310 on it */
  	 { .serial = 0x10051102,
  	   .name   = "AudigyLS [SB0310b]",
  	   .ac97   = 1 } ,
  	 /* New Sound Blaster Live! 7.1 24bit. This does not have an AC97. 53SB041000001 */
  	 { .serial = 0x10061102,
  	   .name   = "Live! 7.1 24bit [SB0410]",

  	   .gpio_type = 1,
  	   .i2c_adc = 1 } ,

  	 /* New Dell Sound Blaster Live! 7.1 24bit. This does not have an AC97.  */
  	 { .serial = 0x10071102,
  	   .name   = "Live! 7.1 24bit [SB0413]",

  	   .gpio_type = 1,
  	   .i2c_adc = 1 } ,

  	 /* New Audigy SE. Has a different DAC. */
  	 /* SB0570:
  	  * CTRL:CA0106-DAT

  	  * ADC: WM8775EDS
  	  * DAC: WM8768GEDS

  	  */
  	 { .serial = 0x100a1102,
  	   .name   = "Audigy SE [SB0570]",
  	   .gpio_type = 1,
  	   .i2c_adc = 1,

  	   .spi_dac = 0x4021 } ,

  	 /* New Audigy LS. Has a different DAC. */
  	 /* SB0570:
  	  * CTRL:CA0106-DAT
  	  * ADC: WM8775EDS
  	  * DAC: WM8768GEDS
  	  */
  	 { .serial = 0x10111102,

  	   .name   = "Audigy SE OEM [SB0570a]",

  	   .gpio_type = 1,
  	   .i2c_adc = 1,

  	   .spi_dac = 0x4021 } ,

  	/* Sound Blaster 5.1vx
  	 * Tested: Playback on front, rear, center/lfe speakers
  	 * Not-Tested: Capture
  	 */
  	{ .serial = 0x10041102,
  	  .name   = "Sound Blaster 5.1vx [SB1070]",
  	  .gpio_type = 1,
  	  .i2c_adc = 0,

  	  .spi_dac = 0x0124

  	 } ,

  	 /* MSI K8N Diamond Motherboard with onboard SB Live 24bit without AC97 */

  	 /* SB0438
  	  * CTRL:CA0106-DAT
  	  * ADC: WM8775SEDS
  	  * DAC: CS4382-KQZ
  	  */

  	 { .serial = 0x10091462,
  	   .name   = "MSI K8N Diamond MB [SB0438]",

  	   .gpio_type = 2,

  	   .i2c_adc = 1 } ,

  	 /* MSI K8N Diamond PLUS MB */

  	 { .serial = 0x10091102,
  	   .name   = "MSI K8N Diamond MB",
  	   .gpio_type = 2,

  	   .i2c_adc = 1,

  	   .spi_dac = 0x4021 } ,

  	/* Giga-byte GA-G1975X mobo
  	 * Novell bnc#395807
  	 */
  	/* FIXME: the GPIO and I2C setting aren't tested well */
  	{ .serial = 0x1458a006,
  	  .name = "Giga-byte GA-G1975X",
  	  .gpio_type = 1,
  	  .i2c_adc = 1 },

  	 /* Shuttle XPC SD31P which has an onboard Creative Labs
  	  * Sound Blaster Live! 24-bit EAX

  	  * high-definition 7.1 audio processor".
  	  * Added using info from andrewvegan in alsa bug #1298
  	  */
  	 { .serial = 0x30381297,
  	   .name   = "Shuttle XPC SD31P [SD31P]",
  	   .gpio_type = 1,
  	   .i2c_adc = 1 } ,

  	/* Shuttle XPC SD11G5 which has an onboard Creative Labs
  	 * Sound Blaster Live! 24-bit EAX
  	 * high-definition 7.1 audio processor".
  	 * Fixes ALSA bug#1600
           */
  	{ .serial = 0x30411297,
  	  .name = "Shuttle XPC SD11G5 [SD11G5]",
  	  .gpio_type = 1,
  	  .i2c_adc = 1 } ,

  	 { .serial = 0,
  	   .name   = "AudigyLS [Unknown]" }

  };
  
  /* hardware definition */

  static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_ca0106_playback_hw = {

  	.info =			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | 
  				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
  				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
  				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
  				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_SYNC_START,

  	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE,

  	.rates =		(SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000 |
  				 SNDRV_PCM_RATE_192000),

  	.rate_min =		48000,
  	.rate_max =		192000,
  	.channels_min =		2,  //1,
  	.channels_max =		2,  //6,
  	.buffer_bytes_max =	((65536 - 64) * 8),
  	.period_bytes_min =	64,
  	.period_bytes_max =	(65536 - 64),
  	.periods_min =		2,
  	.periods_max =		8,
  	.fifo_size =		0,
  };

  static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_ca0106_capture_hw = {

  	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | 
  				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
  				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
  				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),

  	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE,

  #if 0 /* FIXME: looks like 44.1kHz capture causes noisy output on 48kHz */

  	.rates =		(SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 |
  				 SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_192000),

  	.rate_min =		44100,

  #else
  	.rates =		(SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 |
  				 SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_192000),
  	.rate_min =		48000,
  #endif /* FIXME */

  	.rate_max =		192000,

  	.channels_min =		2,
  	.channels_max =		2,

  	.buffer_bytes_max =	65536 - 128,

  	.period_bytes_min =	64,

  	.period_bytes_max =	32768 - 64,

  	.periods_min =		2,
  	.periods_max =		2,
  	.fifo_size =		0,
  };

  unsigned int snd_ca0106_ptr_read(struct snd_ca0106 * emu, 

  					  unsigned int reg, 
  					  unsigned int chn)
  {
  	unsigned long flags;
  	unsigned int regptr, val;
    
  	regptr = (reg << 16) | chn;
  
  	spin_lock_irqsave(&emu->emu_lock, flags);
  	outl(regptr, emu->port + PTR);
  	val = inl(emu->port + DATA);
  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&emu->emu_lock, flags);
  	return val;
  }

  void snd_ca0106_ptr_write(struct snd_ca0106 *emu, 

  				   unsigned int reg, 
  				   unsigned int chn, 
  				   unsigned int data)
  {
  	unsigned int regptr;
  	unsigned long flags;
  
  	regptr = (reg << 16) | chn;
  
  	spin_lock_irqsave(&emu->emu_lock, flags);
  	outl(regptr, emu->port + PTR);
  	outl(data, emu->port + DATA);
  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&emu->emu_lock, flags);
  }

  int snd_ca0106_spi_write(struct snd_ca0106 * emu,
  				   unsigned int data)

  {

  	unsigned int reset, set;
  	unsigned int reg, tmp;
  	int n, result;
  	reg = SPI;
  	if (data > 0xffff) /* Only 16bit values allowed */
  		return 1;
  	tmp = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, reg, 0);
  	reset = (tmp & ~0x3ffff) | 0x20000; /* Set xxx20000 */
  	set = reset | 0x10000; /* Set xxx1xxxx */
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, reg, 0, reset | data);
  	tmp = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, reg, 0); /* write post */
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, reg, 0, set | data);
  	result = 1;
  	/* Wait for status bit to return to 0 */
  	for (n = 0; n < 100; n++) {
  		udelay(10);
  		tmp = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, reg, 0);
  		if (!(tmp & 0x10000)) {
  			result = 0;
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  	if (result) /* Timed out */
  		return 1;
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, reg, 0, reset | data);
  	tmp = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, reg, 0); /* Write post */

  	return 0;
  }

  /* The ADC does not support i2c read, so only write is implemented */

  int snd_ca0106_i2c_write(struct snd_ca0106 *emu,

  				u32 reg,
  				u32 value)
  {
  	u32 tmp;

  	int timeout = 0;

  	int status;
  	int retry;

  	if ((reg > 0x7f) || (value > 0x1ff)) {

  		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "i2c_write: invalid values.
  ");

  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	tmp = reg << 25 | value << 16;

  	/*
  	snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "I2C-write:reg=0x%x, value=0x%x
  ", reg, value);
  	*/

  	/* Not sure what this I2C channel controls. */
  	/* snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, I2C_D0, 0, tmp); */
  
  	/* This controls the I2C connected to the WM8775 ADC Codec */

  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, I2C_D1, 0, tmp);

  	for (retry = 0; retry < 10; retry++) {

  		/* Send the data to i2c */

  		//tmp = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, I2C_A, 0);
  		//tmp = tmp & ~(I2C_A_ADC_READ|I2C_A_ADC_LAST|I2C_A_ADC_START|I2C_A_ADC_ADD_MASK);
  		tmp = 0;

  		tmp = tmp | (I2C_A_ADC_LAST|I2C_A_ADC_START|I2C_A_ADC_ADD);
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, I2C_A, 0, tmp);
  
  		/* Wait till the transaction ends */

  		while (1) {

  			status = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, I2C_A, 0);

  			/*snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "I2C:status=0x%x
  ", status);*/

  			timeout++;

  			if ((status & I2C_A_ADC_START) == 0)

  				break;

  			if (timeout > 1000)

  				break;
  		}
  		//Read back and see if the transaction is successful

  		if ((status & I2C_A_ADC_ABORT) == 0)

  			break;
  	}

  	if (retry == 10) {

  		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "Writing to ADC failed!
  ");

  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
      
      	return 0;
  }

  static void snd_ca0106_intr_enable(struct snd_ca0106 *emu, unsigned int intrenb)

  {
  	unsigned long flags;

  	unsigned int intr_enable;

  	spin_lock_irqsave(&emu->emu_lock, flags);

  	intr_enable = inl(emu->port + INTE) | intrenb;
  	outl(intr_enable, emu->port + INTE);

  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&emu->emu_lock, flags);
  }

  static void snd_ca0106_intr_disable(struct snd_ca0106 *emu, unsigned int intrenb)

  {
  	unsigned long flags;

  	unsigned int intr_enable;

  	spin_lock_irqsave(&emu->emu_lock, flags);

  	intr_enable = inl(emu->port + INTE) & ~intrenb;
  	outl(intr_enable, emu->port + INTE);

  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&emu->emu_lock, flags);
  }

  static void snd_ca0106_pcm_free_substream(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)

  {

  	kfree(runtime->private_data);

  }

  static const int spi_dacd_reg[] = {

  	SPI_DACD0_REG,
  	SPI_DACD1_REG,
  	SPI_DACD2_REG,
  	0,
  	SPI_DACD4_REG,

  };
  static const int spi_dacd_bit[] = {

  	SPI_DACD0_BIT,
  	SPI_DACD1_BIT,
  	SPI_DACD2_BIT,
  	0,
  	SPI_DACD4_BIT,

  };

  static void restore_spdif_bits(struct snd_ca0106 *chip, int idx)
  {
  	if (chip->spdif_str_bits[idx] != chip->spdif_bits[idx]) {
  		chip->spdif_str_bits[idx] = chip->spdif_bits[idx];
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, SPCS0 + idx, 0,
  				     chip->spdif_str_bits[idx]);
  	}
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_channel_dac(struct snd_ca0106_details *details,
  				  int channel_id)
  {
  	switch (channel_id) {

  	case PCM_FRONT_CHANNEL:
  		return (details->spi_dac & 0xf000) >> (4 * 3);
  	case PCM_REAR_CHANNEL:
  		return (details->spi_dac & 0x0f00) >> (4 * 2);
  	case PCM_CENTER_LFE_CHANNEL:
  		return (details->spi_dac & 0x00f0) >> (4 * 1);
  	case PCM_UNKNOWN_CHANNEL:
  		return (details->spi_dac & 0x000f) >> (4 * 0);
  	default:
  		snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "ca0106: unknown channel_id %d
  ",
  			   channel_id);

  	}

  	return 0;
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_power_dac(struct snd_ca0106 *chip, int channel_id,
  				    int power)
  {
  	if (chip->details->spi_dac) {

  		const int dac = snd_ca0106_channel_dac(chip->details,
  						       channel_id);
  		const int reg = spi_dacd_reg[dac];
  		const int bit = spi_dacd_bit[dac];

  
  		if (power)
  			/* Power up */

  			chip->spi_dac_reg[reg] &= ~bit;

  		else
  			/* Power down */

  			chip->spi_dac_reg[reg] |= bit;

  		return snd_ca0106_spi_write(chip, chip->spi_dac_reg[reg]);
  	}
  	return 0;
  }

  /* open_playback callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_channel(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
  						int channel_id)

  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
          struct snd_ca0106_channel *channel = &(chip->playback_channels[channel_id]);
  	struct snd_ca0106_pcm *epcm;
  	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;

  	int err;

  	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);

  
  	if (epcm == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	epcm->emu = chip;
  	epcm->substream = substream;
          epcm->channel_id=channel_id;
    
  	runtime->private_data = epcm;
  	runtime->private_free = snd_ca0106_pcm_free_substream;
    
  	runtime->hw = snd_ca0106_playback_hw;
  
          channel->emu = chip;
          channel->number = channel_id;

  	channel->use = 1;

  	/*
  	printk(KERN_DEBUG "open:channel_id=%d, chip=%p, channel=%p
  ",
  	       channel_id, chip, channel);
  	*/

          //channel->interrupt = snd_ca0106_pcm_channel_interrupt;

  	channel->epcm = epcm;

  	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_integer(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS)) < 0)
                  return err;
  	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, 64)) < 0)
                  return err;

  	snd_pcm_set_sync(substream);

  	/* Front channel dac should already be on */
  	if (channel_id != PCM_FRONT_CHANNEL) {
  		err = snd_ca0106_pcm_power_dac(chip, channel_id, 1);

  		if (err < 0)
  			return err;
  	}

  
  	restore_spdif_bits(chip, channel_id);

  	return 0;
  }
  
  /* close callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_close_playback(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
  	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
          struct snd_ca0106_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
  	chip->playback_channels[epcm->channel_id].use = 0;

  	restore_spdif_bits(chip, epcm->channel_id);

  	/* Front channel dac should stay on */
  	if (epcm->channel_id != PCM_FRONT_CHANNEL) {
  		int err;
  		err = snd_ca0106_pcm_power_dac(chip, epcm->channel_id, 0);
  		if (err < 0)
  			return err;

  	}

  	/* FIXME: maybe zero others */

  	return 0;
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_front(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {
  	return snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_channel(substream, PCM_FRONT_CHANNEL);
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_center_lfe(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {
  	return snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_channel(substream, PCM_CENTER_LFE_CHANNEL);
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_unknown(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {
  	return snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_channel(substream, PCM_UNKNOWN_CHANNEL);
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_rear(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {
  	return snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_channel(substream, PCM_REAR_CHANNEL);
  }
  
  /* open_capture callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_open_capture_channel(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
  					       int channel_id)

  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
          struct snd_ca0106_channel *channel = &(chip->capture_channels[channel_id]);
  	struct snd_ca0106_pcm *epcm;
  	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;

  	int err;

  	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);

  	if (epcm == NULL) {

  		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "open_capture_channel: failed epcm alloc
  ");

  		return -ENOMEM;
          }
  	epcm->emu = chip;
  	epcm->substream = substream;
          epcm->channel_id=channel_id;
    
  	runtime->private_data = epcm;
  	runtime->private_free = snd_ca0106_pcm_free_substream;
    
  	runtime->hw = snd_ca0106_capture_hw;
  
          channel->emu = chip;
          channel->number = channel_id;

  	channel->use = 1;

  	/*
          printk(KERN_DEBUG "open:channel_id=%d, chip=%p, channel=%p
  ",
  	       channel_id, chip, channel);
  	*/

          //channel->interrupt = snd_ca0106_pcm_channel_interrupt;

          channel->epcm = epcm;

  	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_integer(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS)) < 0)
                  return err;
  	//snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, &hw_constraints_capture_period_sizes);
  	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, 64)) < 0)
                  return err;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /* close callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_close_capture(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
  	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
          struct snd_ca0106_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
  	chip->capture_channels[epcm->channel_id].use = 0;
  	/* FIXME: maybe zero others */

  	return 0;
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_open_0_capture(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {
  	return snd_ca0106_pcm_open_capture_channel(substream, 0);
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_open_1_capture(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {
  	return snd_ca0106_pcm_open_capture_channel(substream, 1);
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_open_2_capture(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {
  	return snd_ca0106_pcm_open_capture_channel(substream, 2);
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_open_3_capture(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {
  	return snd_ca0106_pcm_open_capture_channel(substream, 3);
  }
  
  /* hw_params callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_params_playback(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
  				      struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)

  {
  	return snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream,
  					params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
  }
  
  /* hw_free callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_free_playback(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {
  	return snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
  }
  
  /* hw_params callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_params_capture(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
  				      struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)

  {
  	return snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream,
  					params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
  }
  
  /* hw_free callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_free_capture(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {
  	return snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
  }
  
  /* prepare playback callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_prepare_playback(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
  	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
  	struct snd_ca0106_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;

  	int channel = epcm->channel_id;
  	u32 *table_base = (u32 *)(emu->buffer.area+(8*16*channel));
  	u32 period_size_bytes = frames_to_bytes(runtime, runtime->period_size);
  	u32 hcfg_mask = HCFG_PLAYBACK_S32_LE;
  	u32 hcfg_set = 0x00000000;
  	u32 hcfg;
  	u32 reg40_mask = 0x30000 << (channel<<1);
  	u32 reg40_set = 0;
  	u32 reg40;
  	/* FIXME: Depending on mixer selection of SPDIF out or not, select the spdif rate or the DAC rate. */
  	u32 reg71_mask = 0x03030000 ; /* Global. Set SPDIF rate. We only support 44100 to spdif, not to DAC. */
  	u32 reg71_set = 0;
  	u32 reg71;
  	int i;
  	

  #if 0 /* debug */
  	snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG
  		   "prepare:channel_number=%d, rate=%d, format=0x%x, "
  		   "channels=%d, buffer_size=%ld, period_size=%ld, "
  		   "periods=%u, frames_to_bytes=%d
  ",
  		   channel, runtime->rate, runtime->format,
  		   runtime->channels, runtime->buffer_size,
  		   runtime->period_size, runtime->periods,
  		   frames_to_bytes(runtime, 1));
  	snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "dma_addr=%x, dma_area=%p, table_base=%p
  ",
  		   runtime->dma_addr, runtime->dma_area, table_base);
  	snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "dma_addr=%x, dma_area=%p, dma_bytes(size)=%x
  ",
  		   emu->buffer.addr, emu->buffer.area, emu->buffer.bytes);
  #endif /* debug */

  	/* Rate can be set per channel. */
  	/* reg40 control host to fifo */
  	/* reg71 controls DAC rate. */
  	switch (runtime->rate) {
  	case 44100:
  		reg40_set = 0x10000 << (channel<<1);
  		reg71_set = 0x01010000; 
  		break;
          case 48000:
  		reg40_set = 0;
  		reg71_set = 0; 
  		break;
  	case 96000:
  		reg40_set = 0x20000 << (channel<<1);
  		reg71_set = 0x02020000; 
  		break;
  	case 192000:
  		reg40_set = 0x30000 << (channel<<1);
  		reg71_set = 0x03030000; 
  		break;
  	default:
  		reg40_set = 0;
  		reg71_set = 0; 
  		break;
  	}
  	/* Format is a global setting */
  	/* FIXME: Only let the first channel accessed set this. */
  	switch (runtime->format) {
  	case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE:
  		hcfg_set = 0;
  		break;
  	case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE:
  		hcfg_set = HCFG_PLAYBACK_S32_LE;
  		break;
  	default:
  		hcfg_set = 0;
  		break;
  	}
  	hcfg = inl(emu->port + HCFG) ;
  	hcfg = (hcfg & ~hcfg_mask) | hcfg_set;
  	outl(hcfg, emu->port + HCFG);
  	reg40 = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, 0x40, 0);
  	reg40 = (reg40 & ~reg40_mask) | reg40_set;
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, 0x40, 0, reg40);
  	reg71 = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, 0x71, 0);
  	reg71 = (reg71 & ~reg71_mask) | reg71_set;
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, 0x71, 0, reg71);
  
  	/* FIXME: Check emu->buffer.size before actually writing to it. */
          for(i=0; i < runtime->periods; i++) {

  		table_base[i*2] = runtime->dma_addr + (i * period_size_bytes);
  		table_base[i*2+1] = period_size_bytes << 16;

  	}
   
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, PLAYBACK_LIST_ADDR, channel, emu->buffer.addr+(8*16*channel));
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, PLAYBACK_LIST_SIZE, channel, (runtime->periods - 1) << 19);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, PLAYBACK_LIST_PTR, channel, 0);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, PLAYBACK_DMA_ADDR, channel, runtime->dma_addr);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, PLAYBACK_PERIOD_SIZE, channel, frames_to_bytes(runtime, runtime->period_size)<<16); // buffer size in bytes
  	/* FIXME  test what 0 bytes does. */
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, PLAYBACK_PERIOD_SIZE, channel, 0); // buffer size in bytes
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, PLAYBACK_POINTER, channel, 0);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, 0x07, channel, 0x0);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, 0x08, channel, 0);
          snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, PLAYBACK_MUTE, 0x0, 0x0); /* Unmute output */
  #if 0
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, SPCS0, 0,
  			       SPCS_CLKACCY_1000PPM | SPCS_SAMPLERATE_48 |
  			       SPCS_CHANNELNUM_LEFT | SPCS_SOURCENUM_UNSPEC |
  			       SPCS_GENERATIONSTATUS | 0x00001200 |
  			       0x00000000 | SPCS_EMPHASIS_NONE | SPCS_COPYRIGHT );

  #endif
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /* prepare capture callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_prepare_capture(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
  	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
  	struct snd_ca0106_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;

  	int channel = epcm->channel_id;

  	u32 hcfg_mask = HCFG_CAPTURE_S32_LE;
  	u32 hcfg_set = 0x00000000;
  	u32 hcfg;
  	u32 over_sampling=0x2;
  	u32 reg71_mask = 0x0000c000 ; /* Global. Set ADC rate. */
  	u32 reg71_set = 0;
  	u32 reg71;
  	

  #if 0 /* debug */
  	snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG
  		   "prepare:channel_number=%d, rate=%d, format=0x%x, "
  		   "channels=%d, buffer_size=%ld, period_size=%ld, "
  		   "periods=%u, frames_to_bytes=%d
  ",
  		   channel, runtime->rate, runtime->format,
  		   runtime->channels, runtime->buffer_size,
  		   runtime->period_size, runtime->periods,
  		   frames_to_bytes(runtime, 1));
          snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "dma_addr=%x, dma_area=%p, table_base=%p
  ",
  		   runtime->dma_addr, runtime->dma_area, table_base);
  	snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "dma_addr=%x, dma_area=%p, dma_bytes(size)=%x
  ",
  		   emu->buffer.addr, emu->buffer.area, emu->buffer.bytes);
  #endif /* debug */

  	/* reg71 controls ADC rate. */
  	switch (runtime->rate) {
  	case 44100:
  		reg71_set = 0x00004000;
  		break;
          case 48000:
  		reg71_set = 0; 
  		break;
  	case 96000:
  		reg71_set = 0x00008000;
  		over_sampling=0xa;
  		break;
  	case 192000:
  		reg71_set = 0x0000c000; 
  		over_sampling=0xa;
  		break;
  	default:
  		reg71_set = 0; 
  		break;
  	}
  	/* Format is a global setting */
  	/* FIXME: Only let the first channel accessed set this. */
  	switch (runtime->format) {
  	case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE:
  		hcfg_set = 0;
  		break;
  	case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE:
  		hcfg_set = HCFG_CAPTURE_S32_LE;
  		break;
  	default:
  		hcfg_set = 0;
  		break;
  	}
  	hcfg = inl(emu->port + HCFG) ;
  	hcfg = (hcfg & ~hcfg_mask) | hcfg_set;
  	outl(hcfg, emu->port + HCFG);
  	reg71 = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, 0x71, 0);
  	reg71 = (reg71 & ~reg71_mask) | reg71_set;
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, 0x71, 0, reg71);
          if (emu->details->i2c_adc == 1) { /* The SB0410 and SB0413 use I2C to control ADC. */
  	        snd_ca0106_i2c_write(emu, ADC_MASTER, over_sampling); /* Adjust the over sampler to better suit the capture rate. */
  	}

  	/*
  	printk(KERN_DEBUG
  	       "prepare:channel_number=%d, rate=%d, format=0x%x, channels=%d, "
  	       "buffer_size=%ld, period_size=%ld, frames_to_bytes=%d
  ",
  	       channel, runtime->rate, runtime->format, runtime->channels,
  	       runtime->buffer_size, runtime->period_size,
  	       frames_to_bytes(runtime, 1));
  	*/

  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, 0x13, channel, 0);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, CAPTURE_DMA_ADDR, channel, runtime->dma_addr);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, CAPTURE_BUFFER_SIZE, channel, frames_to_bytes(runtime, runtime->buffer_size)<<16); // buffer size in bytes
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, CAPTURE_POINTER, channel, 0);
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /* trigger_playback callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_trigger_playback(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,

  				    int cmd)
  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
  	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
  	struct snd_ca0106_pcm *epcm;

  	int channel;
  	int result = 0;

          struct snd_pcm_substream *s;

  	u32 basic = 0;
  	u32 extended = 0;

  	u32 bits;
  	int running = 0;

  
  	switch (cmd) {
  	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:

  	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
  		running = 1;

  		break;
  	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:

  	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:

  	default:

  		running = 0;

  		break;
  	}

          snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {

  		if (snd_pcm_substream_chip(s) != emu ||
  		    s->stream != SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
  			continue;

  		runtime = s->runtime;
  		epcm = runtime->private_data;
  		channel = epcm->channel_id;

  		/* snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "channel=%d
  ", channel); */

  		epcm->running = running;

  		basic |= (0x1 << channel);
  		extended |= (0x10 << channel);

                  snd_pcm_trigger_done(s, substream);
          }

  	/* snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "basic=0x%x, extended=0x%x
  ",basic, extended); */

  
  	switch (cmd) {
  	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:

  	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
  		bits = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, EXTENDED_INT_MASK, 0);
  		bits |= extended;
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, EXTENDED_INT_MASK, 0, bits);
  		bits = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, BASIC_INTERRUPT, 0);
  		bits |= basic;
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, BASIC_INTERRUPT, 0, bits);

  		break;
  	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:

  	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
  		bits = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, BASIC_INTERRUPT, 0);
  		bits &= ~basic;
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, BASIC_INTERRUPT, 0, bits);
  		bits = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, EXTENDED_INT_MASK, 0);
  		bits &= ~extended;
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, EXTENDED_INT_MASK, 0, bits);

  		break;
  	default:
  		result = -EINVAL;
  		break;
  	}
  	return result;
  }
  
  /* trigger_capture callback */

  static int snd_ca0106_pcm_trigger_capture(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,

  				    int cmd)
  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
  	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
  	struct snd_ca0106_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;

  	int channel = epcm->channel_id;
  	int result = 0;
  
  	switch (cmd) {
  	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, EXTENDED_INT_MASK, 0, snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, EXTENDED_INT_MASK, 0) | (0x110000<<channel));
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, BASIC_INTERRUPT, 0, snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, BASIC_INTERRUPT, 0)|(0x100<<channel));
  		epcm->running = 1;
  		break;
  	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, BASIC_INTERRUPT, 0, snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, BASIC_INTERRUPT, 0) & ~(0x100<<channel));
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(emu, EXTENDED_INT_MASK, 0, snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, EXTENDED_INT_MASK, 0) & ~(0x110000<<channel));
  		epcm->running = 0;
  		break;
  	default:
  		result = -EINVAL;
  		break;
  	}
  	return result;
  }
  
  /* pointer_playback callback */
  static snd_pcm_uframes_t

  snd_ca0106_pcm_pointer_playback(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
  	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
  	struct snd_ca0106_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;

  	unsigned int ptr, prev_ptr;

  	int channel = epcm->channel_id;

  	int timeout = 10;

  
  	if (!epcm->running)
  		return 0;

  	prev_ptr = -1;
  	do {
  		ptr = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, PLAYBACK_LIST_PTR, channel);
  		ptr = (ptr >> 3) * runtime->period_size;
  		ptr += bytes_to_frames(runtime,
  			snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, PLAYBACK_POINTER, channel));
  		if (ptr >= runtime->buffer_size)
  			ptr -= runtime->buffer_size;
  		if (prev_ptr == ptr)
  			return ptr;
  		prev_ptr = ptr;
  	} while (--timeout);
  	snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "ca0106: unstable DMA pointer!
  ");
  	return 0;

  }
  
  /* pointer_capture callback */
  static snd_pcm_uframes_t

  snd_ca0106_pcm_pointer_capture(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)

  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
  	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
  	struct snd_ca0106_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;

  	snd_pcm_uframes_t ptr, ptr1, ptr2 = 0;

  	int channel = epcm->channel_id;

  
  	if (!epcm->running)
  		return 0;
  
  	ptr1 = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(emu, CAPTURE_POINTER, channel);
  	ptr2 = bytes_to_frames(runtime, ptr1);
  	ptr=ptr2;
          if (ptr >= runtime->buffer_size)
  		ptr -= runtime->buffer_size;

  	/*
  	printk(KERN_DEBUG "ptr1 = 0x%lx, ptr2=0x%lx, ptr=0x%lx, "
  	       "buffer_size = 0x%x, period_size = 0x%x, bits=%d, rate=%d
  ",
  	       ptr1, ptr2, ptr, (int)runtime->buffer_size,
  	       (int)runtime->period_size, (int)runtime->frame_bits,
  	       (int)runtime->rate);
  	*/

  	return ptr;
  }
  
  /* operators */

  static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_ca0106_playback_front_ops = {

  	.open =        snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_front,
  	.close =       snd_ca0106_pcm_close_playback,
  	.ioctl =       snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
  	.hw_params =   snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_params_playback,
  	.hw_free =     snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_free_playback,
  	.prepare =     snd_ca0106_pcm_prepare_playback,
  	.trigger =     snd_ca0106_pcm_trigger_playback,
  	.pointer =     snd_ca0106_pcm_pointer_playback,
  };

  static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_ca0106_capture_0_ops = {

  	.open =        snd_ca0106_pcm_open_0_capture,
  	.close =       snd_ca0106_pcm_close_capture,
  	.ioctl =       snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
  	.hw_params =   snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_params_capture,
  	.hw_free =     snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_free_capture,
  	.prepare =     snd_ca0106_pcm_prepare_capture,
  	.trigger =     snd_ca0106_pcm_trigger_capture,
  	.pointer =     snd_ca0106_pcm_pointer_capture,
  };

  static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_ca0106_capture_1_ops = {

  	.open =        snd_ca0106_pcm_open_1_capture,
  	.close =       snd_ca0106_pcm_close_capture,
  	.ioctl =       snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
  	.hw_params =   snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_params_capture,
  	.hw_free =     snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_free_capture,
  	.prepare =     snd_ca0106_pcm_prepare_capture,
  	.trigger =     snd_ca0106_pcm_trigger_capture,
  	.pointer =     snd_ca0106_pcm_pointer_capture,
  };

  static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_ca0106_capture_2_ops = {

  	.open =        snd_ca0106_pcm_open_2_capture,
  	.close =       snd_ca0106_pcm_close_capture,
  	.ioctl =       snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
  	.hw_params =   snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_params_capture,
  	.hw_free =     snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_free_capture,
  	.prepare =     snd_ca0106_pcm_prepare_capture,
  	.trigger =     snd_ca0106_pcm_trigger_capture,
  	.pointer =     snd_ca0106_pcm_pointer_capture,
  };

  static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_ca0106_capture_3_ops = {

  	.open =        snd_ca0106_pcm_open_3_capture,
  	.close =       snd_ca0106_pcm_close_capture,
  	.ioctl =       snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
  	.hw_params =   snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_params_capture,
  	.hw_free =     snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_free_capture,
  	.prepare =     snd_ca0106_pcm_prepare_capture,
  	.trigger =     snd_ca0106_pcm_trigger_capture,
  	.pointer =     snd_ca0106_pcm_pointer_capture,
  };

  static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_ca0106_playback_center_lfe_ops = {

          .open =         snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_center_lfe,
          .close =        snd_ca0106_pcm_close_playback,
          .ioctl =        snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
          .hw_params =    snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_params_playback,
          .hw_free =      snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_free_playback,
          .prepare =      snd_ca0106_pcm_prepare_playback,     
          .trigger =      snd_ca0106_pcm_trigger_playback,  
          .pointer =      snd_ca0106_pcm_pointer_playback, 
  };

  static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_ca0106_playback_unknown_ops = {

          .open =         snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_unknown,
          .close =        snd_ca0106_pcm_close_playback,
          .ioctl =        snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
          .hw_params =    snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_params_playback,
          .hw_free =      snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_free_playback,
          .prepare =      snd_ca0106_pcm_prepare_playback,     
          .trigger =      snd_ca0106_pcm_trigger_playback,  
          .pointer =      snd_ca0106_pcm_pointer_playback, 
  };

  static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_ca0106_playback_rear_ops = {

          .open =         snd_ca0106_pcm_open_playback_rear,
          .close =        snd_ca0106_pcm_close_playback,
          .ioctl =        snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
          .hw_params =    snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_params_playback,
  		.hw_free =      snd_ca0106_pcm_hw_free_playback,
          .prepare =      snd_ca0106_pcm_prepare_playback,     
          .trigger =      snd_ca0106_pcm_trigger_playback,  
          .pointer =      snd_ca0106_pcm_pointer_playback, 
  };

  static unsigned short snd_ca0106_ac97_read(struct snd_ac97 *ac97,

  					     unsigned short reg)
  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *emu = ac97->private_data;

  	unsigned long flags;
  	unsigned short val;
  
  	spin_lock_irqsave(&emu->emu_lock, flags);
  	outb(reg, emu->port + AC97ADDRESS);
  	val = inw(emu->port + AC97DATA);
  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&emu->emu_lock, flags);
  	return val;
  }

  static void snd_ca0106_ac97_write(struct snd_ac97 *ac97,

  				    unsigned short reg, unsigned short val)
  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *emu = ac97->private_data;

  	unsigned long flags;
    
  	spin_lock_irqsave(&emu->emu_lock, flags);
  	outb(reg, emu->port + AC97ADDRESS);
  	outw(val, emu->port + AC97DATA);
  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&emu->emu_lock, flags);
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_ac97(struct snd_ca0106 *chip)

  {

  	struct snd_ac97_bus *pbus;
  	struct snd_ac97_template ac97;

  	int err;

  	static struct snd_ac97_bus_ops ops = {

  		.write = snd_ca0106_ac97_write,
  		.read = snd_ca0106_ac97_read,
  	};
    
  	if ((err = snd_ac97_bus(chip->card, 0, &ops, NULL, &pbus)) < 0)
  		return err;
  	pbus->no_vra = 1; /* we don't need VRA */
  
  	memset(&ac97, 0, sizeof(ac97));
  	ac97.private_data = chip;

  	ac97.scaps = AC97_SCAP_NO_SPDIF;

  	return snd_ac97_mixer(pbus, &ac97, &chip->ac97);
  }

  static void ca0106_stop_chip(struct snd_ca0106 *chip);

  static int snd_ca0106_free(struct snd_ca0106 *chip)

  {

  	if (chip->res_port != NULL) {
  		/* avoid access to already used hardware */
  		ca0106_stop_chip(chip);

  	}

  	if (chip->irq >= 0)
  		free_irq(chip->irq, chip);

  	// release the data
  #if 1
  	if (chip->buffer.area)
  		snd_dma_free_pages(&chip->buffer);
  #endif
  
  	// release the i/o port

  	release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);

  	pci_disable_device(chip->pci);
  	kfree(chip);
  	return 0;
  }

  static int snd_ca0106_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)

  {

  	struct snd_ca0106 *chip = device->device_data;

  	return snd_ca0106_free(chip);
  }

  static irqreturn_t snd_ca0106_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)

  {
  	unsigned int status;

  	struct snd_ca0106 *chip = dev_id;

  	int i;
  	int mask;
          unsigned int stat76;

  	struct snd_ca0106_channel *pchannel;

  	status = inl(chip->port + IPR);

  	if (! status)
  		return IRQ_NONE;
  
          stat76 = snd_ca0106_ptr_read(chip, EXTENDED_INT, 0);

  	/*
  	snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "interrupt status = 0x%08x, stat76=0x%08x
  ",
  		   status, stat76);
  	snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "ptr=0x%08x
  ",
  		   snd_ca0106_ptr_read(chip, PLAYBACK_POINTER, 0));
  	*/

          mask = 0x11; /* 0x1 for one half, 0x10 for the other half period. */
  	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
  		pchannel = &(chip->playback_channels[i]);

  		if (stat76 & mask) {

  /* FIXME: Select the correct substream for period elapsed */
  			if(pchannel->use) {

  				snd_pcm_period_elapsed(pchannel->epcm->substream);
  				//printk(KERN_INFO "interrupt [%d] used
  ", i);

                          }
  		}
  	        //printk(KERN_INFO "channel=%p
  ",pchannel);
  	        //printk(KERN_INFO "interrupt stat76[%d] = %08x, use=%d, channel=%d
  ", i, stat76, pchannel->use, pchannel->number);
  		mask <<= 1;
  	}
          mask = 0x110000; /* 0x1 for one half, 0x10 for the other half period. */
  	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
  		pchannel = &(chip->capture_channels[i]);

  		if (stat76 & mask) {

  /* FIXME: Select the correct substream for period elapsed */
  			if(pchannel->use) {

  				snd_pcm_period_elapsed(pchannel->epcm->substream);
  				//printk(KERN_INFO "interrupt [%d] used
  ", i);

                          }
  		}
  	        //printk(KERN_INFO "channel=%p
  ",pchannel);
  	        //printk(KERN_INFO "interrupt stat76[%d] = %08x, use=%d, channel=%d
  ", i, stat76, pchannel->use, pchannel->number);
  		mask <<= 1;
  	}
  
          snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, EXTENDED_INT, 0, stat76);

  
  	if (chip->midi.dev_id &&

  	    (status & (chip->midi.ipr_tx|chip->midi.ipr_rx))) {

  		if (chip->midi.interrupt)
  			chip->midi.interrupt(&chip->midi, status);
  		else
  			chip->midi.interrupt_disable(&chip->midi, chip->midi.tx_enable | chip->midi.rx_enable);
  	}

  	// acknowledge the interrupt if necessary
  	outl(status, chip->port+IPR);

  	return IRQ_HANDLED;
  }

  static int __devinit snd_ca0106_pcm(struct snd_ca0106 *emu, int device)

  {

  	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
  	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;

  	int err;
    

  	err = snd_pcm_new(emu->card, "ca0106", device, 1, 1, &pcm);
  	if (err < 0)

  		return err;
    
  	pcm->private_data = emu;

  
  	switch (device) {
  	case 0:
  	  snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_ca0106_playback_front_ops);
  	  snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_ca0106_capture_0_ops);
            break;
  	case 1:
  	  snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_ca0106_playback_rear_ops);
  	  snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_ca0106_capture_1_ops);
            break;
  	case 2:
  	  snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_ca0106_playback_center_lfe_ops);
  	  snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_ca0106_capture_2_ops);
            break;
  	case 3:
  	  snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_ca0106_playback_unknown_ops);
  	  snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_ca0106_capture_3_ops);
            break;
          }
  
  	pcm->info_flags = 0;

  	strcpy(pcm->name, "CA0106");

  
  	for(substream = pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].substream; 
  	    substream; 
  	    substream = substream->next) {
  		if ((err = snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages(substream, 
  							 SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, 
  							 snd_dma_pci_data(emu->pci), 
  							 64*1024, 64*1024)) < 0) /* FIXME: 32*1024 for sound buffer, between 32and64 for Periods table. */
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	for (substream = pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].substream; 
  	      substream; 
  	      substream = substream->next) {
   		if ((err = snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages(substream, 
  	                                           SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, 
  	                                           snd_dma_pci_data(emu->pci), 
  	                                           64*1024, 64*1024)) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
    

  	emu->pcm[device] = pcm;

    
  	return 0;
  }

  #define SPI_REG(reg, value)	(((reg) << SPI_REG_SHIFT) | (value))

  static unsigned int spi_dac_init[] = {

  	SPI_REG(SPI_LDA1_REG,	SPI_DA_BIT_0dB), /* 0dB dig. attenuation */
  	SPI_REG(SPI_RDA1_REG,	SPI_DA_BIT_0dB),

  	SPI_REG(SPI_PL_REG,	SPI_PL_BIT_L_L | SPI_PL_BIT_R_R | SPI_IZD_BIT),
  	SPI_REG(SPI_FMT_REG,	SPI_FMT_BIT_I2S | SPI_IWL_BIT_24),

  	SPI_REG(SPI_LDA2_REG,	SPI_DA_BIT_0dB),
  	SPI_REG(SPI_RDA2_REG,	SPI_DA_BIT_0dB),
  	SPI_REG(SPI_LDA3_REG,	SPI_DA_BIT_0dB),
  	SPI_REG(SPI_RDA3_REG,	SPI_DA_BIT_0dB),
  	SPI_REG(SPI_MASTDA_REG,	SPI_DA_BIT_0dB),
  	SPI_REG(9,		0x00),

  	SPI_REG(SPI_MS_REG,	SPI_DACD0_BIT | SPI_DACD1_BIT | SPI_DACD2_BIT),

  	SPI_REG(12,		0x00),
  	SPI_REG(SPI_LDA4_REG,	SPI_DA_BIT_0dB),

  	SPI_REG(SPI_RDA4_REG,	SPI_DA_BIT_0dB | SPI_DA_BIT_UPDATE),

  	SPI_REG(SPI_DACD4_REG,	SPI_DACD4_BIT),

  };

  static unsigned int i2c_adc_init[][2] = {
  	{ 0x17, 0x00 }, /* Reset */
  	{ 0x07, 0x00 }, /* Timeout */
  	{ 0x0b, 0x22 },  /* Interface control */
  	{ 0x0c, 0x22 },  /* Master mode control */
  	{ 0x0d, 0x08 },  /* Powerdown control */
  	{ 0x0e, 0xcf },  /* Attenuation Left  0x01 = -103dB, 0xff = 24dB */
  	{ 0x0f, 0xcf },  /* Attenuation Right 0.5dB steps */
  	{ 0x10, 0x7b },  /* ALC Control 1 */
  	{ 0x11, 0x00 },  /* ALC Control 2 */
  	{ 0x12, 0x32 },  /* ALC Control 3 */
  	{ 0x13, 0x00 },  /* Noise gate control */
  	{ 0x14, 0xa6 },  /* Limiter control */
  	{ 0x15, ADC_MUX_LINEIN },  /* ADC Mixer control */
  };

  static void ca0106_init_chip(struct snd_ca0106 *chip, int resume)

  {

  	int ch;

  	unsigned int def_bits;

  
  	outl(0, chip->port + INTE);
  
  	/*
  	 *  Init to 0x02109204 :
  	 *  Clock accuracy    = 0     (1000ppm)
  	 *  Sample Rate       = 2     (48kHz)
  	 *  Audio Channel     = 1     (Left of 2)
  	 *  Source Number     = 0     (Unspecified)
  	 *  Generation Status = 1     (Original for Cat Code 12)
  	 *  Cat Code          = 12    (Digital Signal Mixer)
  	 *  Mode              = 0     (Mode 0)
  	 *  Emphasis          = 0     (None)
  	 *  CP                = 1     (Copyright unasserted)
  	 *  AN                = 0     (Audio data)
  	 *  P                 = 0     (Consumer)
  	 */

  	def_bits =

  		SPCS_CLKACCY_1000PPM | SPCS_SAMPLERATE_48 |
  		SPCS_CHANNELNUM_LEFT | SPCS_SOURCENUM_UNSPEC |
  		SPCS_GENERATIONSTATUS | 0x00001200 |
  		0x00000000 | SPCS_EMPHASIS_NONE | SPCS_COPYRIGHT;

  	if (!resume) {

  		chip->spdif_str_bits[0] = chip->spdif_bits[0] = def_bits;
  		chip->spdif_str_bits[1] = chip->spdif_bits[1] = def_bits;
  		chip->spdif_str_bits[2] = chip->spdif_bits[2] = def_bits;
  		chip->spdif_str_bits[3] = chip->spdif_bits[3] = def_bits;

  	}

  	/* Only SPCS1 has been tested */

  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, SPCS1, 0, chip->spdif_str_bits[1]);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, SPCS0, 0, chip->spdif_str_bits[0]);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, SPCS2, 0, chip->spdif_str_bits[2]);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, SPCS3, 0, chip->spdif_str_bits[3]);

  
          snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, PLAYBACK_MUTE, 0, 0x00fc0000);
          snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_MUTE, 0, 0x00fc0000);
  
          /* Write 0x8000 to AC97_REC_GAIN to mute it. */
          outb(AC97_REC_GAIN, chip->port + AC97ADDRESS);
          outw(0x8000, chip->port + AC97DATA);

  #if 0 /* FIXME: what are these? */

  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, SPCS0, 0, 0x2108006);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, 0x42, 0, 0x2108006);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, 0x43, 0, 0x2108006);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, 0x44, 0, 0x2108006);
  #endif

  	/* OSS drivers set this. */
  	/* snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, SPDIF_SELECT2, 0, 0xf0f003f); */

  	/* Analog or Digital output */
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, SPDIF_SELECT1, 0, 0xf);

  	/* 0x0b000000 for digital, 0x000b0000 for analog, from win2000 drivers.
  	 * Use 0x000f0000 for surround71
  	 */
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, SPDIF_SELECT2, 0, 0x000f0000);

  	chip->spdif_enable = 0; /* Set digital SPDIF output off */

  	/*snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, 0x45, 0, 0);*/ /* Analogue out */
  	/*snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, 0x45, 0, 0xf00);*/ /* Digital out */
  
  	/* goes to 0x40c80000 when doing SPDIF IN/OUT */
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_CONTROL, 0, 0x40c81000);
  	/* (Mute) CAPTURE feedback into PLAYBACK volume.
  	 * Only lower 16 bits matter.
  	 */
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_CONTROL, 1, 0xffffffff);
  	/* SPDIF IN Volume */
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_CONTROL, 2, 0x30300000);
  	/* SPDIF IN Volume, 0x70 = (vol & 0x3f) | 0x40 */
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_CONTROL, 3, 0x00700000);

  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, PLAYBACK_ROUTING1, 0, 0x32765410);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, PLAYBACK_ROUTING2, 0, 0x76767676);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_ROUTING1, 0, 0x32765410);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_ROUTING2, 0, 0x76767676);

  
  	for (ch = 0; ch < 4; ch++) {
  		/* Only high 16 bits matter */
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_VOLUME1, ch, 0x30303030);

  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_VOLUME2, ch, 0x30303030);

  #if 0 /* Mute */
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, PLAYBACK_VOLUME1, ch, 0x40404040);
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, PLAYBACK_VOLUME2, ch, 0x40404040);
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, PLAYBACK_VOLUME1, ch, 0xffffffff);
  		snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, PLAYBACK_VOLUME2, ch, 0xffffffff);
  #endif

  	}

  	if (chip->details->i2c_adc == 1) {
  	        /* Select MIC, Line in, TAD in, AUX in */
  	        snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_SOURCE, 0x0, 0x333300e4);
  		/* Default to CAPTURE_SOURCE to i2s in */

  		if (!resume)
  			chip->capture_source = 3;

  	} else if (chip->details->ac97 == 1) {
  	        /* Default to AC97 in */
  	        snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_SOURCE, 0x0, 0x444400e4);
  		/* Default to CAPTURE_SOURCE to AC97 in */

  		if (!resume)
  			chip->capture_source = 4;

  	} else {
  	        /* Select MIC, Line in, TAD in, AUX in */
  	        snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, CAPTURE_SOURCE, 0x0, 0x333300e4);
  		/* Default to Set CAPTURE_SOURCE to i2s in */

  		if (!resume)
  			chip->capture_source = 3;

  	}

  	if (chip->details->gpio_type == 2) {
  		/* The SB0438 use GPIO differently. */
  		/* FIXME: Still need to find out what the other GPIO bits do.
  		 * E.g. For digital spdif out.
  		 */

  		outl(0x0, chip->port+GPIO);

  		/* outl(0x00f0e000, chip->port+GPIO); */ /* Analog */

  		outl(0x005f5301, chip->port+GPIO); /* Analog */

  	} else if (chip->details->gpio_type == 1) {
  		/* The SB0410 and SB0413 use GPIO differently. */
  		/* FIXME: Still need to find out what the other GPIO bits do.
  		 * E.g. For digital spdif out.
  		 */

  		outl(0x0, chip->port+GPIO);

  		/* outl(0x00f0e000, chip->port+GPIO); */ /* Analog */

  		outl(0x005f5301, chip->port+GPIO); /* Analog */

  	} else {
  		outl(0x0, chip->port+GPIO);
  		outl(0x005f03a3, chip->port+GPIO); /* Analog */

  		/* outl(0x005f02a2, chip->port+GPIO); */ /* SPDIF */

  	}
  	snd_ca0106_intr_enable(chip, 0x105); /* Win2000 uses 0x1e0 */

  	/* outl(HCFG_LOCKSOUNDCACHE|HCFG_AUDIOENABLE, chip->port+HCFG); */
  	/* 0x1000 causes AC3 to fails. Maybe it effects 24 bit output. */
  	/* outl(0x00001409, chip->port+HCFG); */
  	/* outl(0x00000009, chip->port+HCFG); */
  	/* AC97 2.0, Enable outputs. */
  	outl(HCFG_AC97 | HCFG_AUDIOENABLE, chip->port+HCFG);

  	if (chip->details->i2c_adc == 1) {
  		/* The SB0410 and SB0413 use I2C to control ADC. */

  		int size, n;
  
  		size = ARRAY_SIZE(i2c_adc_init);

  		/* snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "I2C:array size=0x%x
  ", size); */

  		for (n = 0; n < size; n++)
  			snd_ca0106_i2c_write(chip, i2c_adc_init[n][0],
  					     i2c_adc_init[n][1]);
  		for (n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
  			chip->i2c_capture_volume[n][0] = 0xcf;
  			chip->i2c_capture_volume[n][1] = 0xcf;

  		}

  		chip->i2c_capture_source = 2; /* Line in */
  		/* Enable Line-in capture. MIC in currently untested. */
  		/* snd_ca0106_i2c_write(chip, ADC_MUX, ADC_MUX_LINEIN); */

  	}

  	if (chip->details->spi_dac) {

  		/* The SB0570 use SPI to control DAC. */

  		int size, n;
  
  		size = ARRAY_SIZE(spi_dac_init);

  		for (n = 0; n < size; n++) {
  			int reg = spi_dac_init[n] >> SPI_REG_SHIFT;

  			snd_ca0106_spi_write(chip, spi_dac_init[n]);

  			if (reg < ARRAY_SIZE(chip->spi_dac_reg))
  				chip->spi_dac_reg[reg] = spi_dac_init[n];
  		}

  
  		/* Enable front dac only */
  		snd_ca0106_pcm_power_dac(chip, PCM_FRONT_CHANNEL, 1);

  	}

  }
  
  static void ca0106_stop_chip(struct snd_ca0106 *chip)
  {
  	/* disable interrupts */
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, BASIC_INTERRUPT, 0, 0);
  	outl(0, chip->port + INTE);
  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write(chip, EXTENDED_INT_MASK, 0, 0);
  	udelay(1000);
  	/* disable audio */
  	/* outl(HCFG_LOCKSOUNDCACHE, chip->port + HCFG); */
  	outl(0, chip->port + HCFG);
  	/* FIXME: We need to stop and DMA transfers here.
  	 *        But as I am not sure how yet, we cannot from the dma pages.
  	 * So we can fix: snd-malloc: Memory leak?  pages not freed = 8
  	 */
  }

  static int __devinit snd_ca0106_create(int dev, struct snd_card *card,
  					 struct pci_dev *pci,
  					 struct snd_ca0106 **rchip)
  {
  	struct snd_ca0106 *chip;
  	struct snd_ca0106_details *c;
  	int err;
  	static struct snd_device_ops ops = {
  		.dev_free = snd_ca0106_dev_free,
  	};
  
  	*rchip = NULL;

  	err = pci_enable_device(pci);
  	if (err < 0)
  		return err;

  	if (pci_set_dma_mask(pci, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)) < 0 ||
  	    pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pci, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)) < 0) {

  		printk(KERN_ERR "error to set 32bit mask DMA
  ");
  		pci_disable_device(pci);
  		return -ENXIO;
  	}
  
  	chip = kzalloc(sizeof(*chip), GFP_KERNEL);
  	if (chip == NULL) {
  		pci_disable_device(pci);
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  
  	chip->card = card;
  	chip->pci = pci;
  	chip->irq = -1;
  
  	spin_lock_init(&chip->emu_lock);
  
  	chip->port = pci_resource_start(pci, 0);
  	chip->res_port = request_region(chip->port, 0x20, "snd_ca0106");
  	if (!chip->res_port) {
  		snd_ca0106_free(chip);
  		printk(KERN_ERR "cannot allocate the port
  ");
  		return -EBUSY;
  	}
  
  	if (request_irq(pci->irq, snd_ca0106_interrupt,

  			IRQF_SHARED, KBUILD_MODNAME, chip)) {

  		snd_ca0106_free(chip);
  		printk(KERN_ERR "cannot grab irq
  ");
  		return -EBUSY;
  	}
  	chip->irq = pci->irq;
  
  	/* This stores the periods table. */
  	if (snd_dma_alloc_pages(SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, snd_dma_pci_data(pci),
  				1024, &chip->buffer) < 0) {
  		snd_ca0106_free(chip);
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  
  	pci_set_master(pci);
  	/* read serial */
  	pci_read_config_dword(pci, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID, &chip->serial);
  	pci_read_config_word(pci, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID, &chip->model);
  	printk(KERN_INFO "snd-ca0106: Model %04x Rev %08x Serial %08x
  ",
  	       chip->model, pci->revision, chip->serial);
  	strcpy(card->driver, "CA0106");
  	strcpy(card->shortname, "CA0106");
  
  	for (c = ca0106_chip_details; c->serial; c++) {
  		if (subsystem[dev]) {
  			if (c->serial == subsystem[dev])
  				break;
  		} else if (c->serial == chip->serial)
  			break;
  	}
  	chip->details = c;
  	if (subsystem[dev]) {
  		printk(KERN_INFO "snd-ca0106: Sound card name=%s, "
  		       "subsystem=0x%x. Forced to subsystem=0x%x
  ",
  		       c->name, chip->serial, subsystem[dev]);
  	}
  
  	sprintf(card->longname, "%s at 0x%lx irq %i",
  		c->name, chip->port, chip->irq);

  	ca0106_init_chip(chip, 0);

  
  	err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, chip, &ops);
  	if (err < 0) {

  		snd_ca0106_free(chip);
  		return err;
  	}
  	*rchip = chip;
  	return 0;
  }

  static void ca0106_midi_interrupt_enable(struct snd_ca_midi *midi, int intr)

  {

  	snd_ca0106_intr_enable((struct snd_ca0106 *)(midi->dev_id), intr);

  }

  static void ca0106_midi_interrupt_disable(struct snd_ca_midi *midi, int intr)

  {

  	snd_ca0106_intr_disable((struct snd_ca0106 *)(midi->dev_id), intr);

  }

  static unsigned char ca0106_midi_read(struct snd_ca_midi *midi, int idx)

  {

  	return (unsigned char)snd_ca0106_ptr_read((struct snd_ca0106 *)(midi->dev_id),
  						  midi->port + idx, 0);

  }

  static void ca0106_midi_write(struct snd_ca_midi *midi, int data, int idx)

  {

  	snd_ca0106_ptr_write((struct snd_ca0106 *)(midi->dev_id), midi->port + idx, 0, data);

  }

  static struct snd_card *ca0106_dev_id_card(void *dev_id)

  {

  	return ((struct snd_ca0106 *)dev_id)->card;

  }

  static int ca0106_dev_id_port(void *dev_id)
  {

  	return ((struct snd_ca0106 *)dev_id)->port;

  }

  static int __devinit snd_ca0106_midi(struct snd_ca0106 *chip, unsigned int channel)

  {

  	struct snd_ca_midi *midi;

  	char *name;
  	int err;

  	if (channel == CA0106_MIDI_CHAN_B) {

  		name = "CA0106 MPU-401 (UART) B";
  		midi =  &chip->midi2;
  		midi->tx_enable = INTE_MIDI_TX_B;
  		midi->rx_enable = INTE_MIDI_RX_B;
  		midi->ipr_tx = IPR_MIDI_TX_B;
  		midi->ipr_rx = IPR_MIDI_RX_B;
  		midi->port = MIDI_UART_B_DATA;
  	} else {
  		name = "CA0106 MPU-401 (UART)";
  		midi =  &chip->midi;
  		midi->tx_enable = INTE_MIDI_TX_A;
  		midi->rx_enable = INTE_MIDI_TX_B;
  		midi->ipr_tx = IPR_MIDI_TX_A;
  		midi->ipr_rx = IPR_MIDI_RX_A;
  		midi->port = MIDI_UART_A_DATA;
  	}
  
  	midi->reset = CA0106_MPU401_RESET;
  	midi->enter_uart = CA0106_MPU401_ENTER_UART;
  	midi->ack = CA0106_MPU401_ACK;
  
  	midi->input_avail = CA0106_MIDI_INPUT_AVAIL;
  	midi->output_ready = CA0106_MIDI_OUTPUT_READY;
  
  	midi->channel = channel;
  
  	midi->interrupt_enable = ca0106_midi_interrupt_enable;
  	midi->interrupt_disable = ca0106_midi_interrupt_disable;
  
  	midi->read = ca0106_midi_read;
  	midi->write = ca0106_midi_write;
  
  	midi->get_dev_id_card = ca0106_dev_id_card;
  	midi->get_dev_id_port = ca0106_dev_id_port;
  
  	midi->dev_id = chip;
  	
  	if ((err = ca_midi_init(chip, midi, 0, name)) < 0)
  		return err;
  
  	return 0;
  }

  static int __devinit snd_ca0106_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
  					const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
  {
  	static int dev;

  	struct snd_card *card;
  	struct snd_ca0106 *chip;

  	int i, err;

  
  	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
  		return -ENODEV;
  	if (!enable[dev]) {
  		dev++;
  		return -ENOENT;
  	}

  	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
  	if (err < 0)
  		return err;

  	err = snd_ca0106_create(dev, card, pci, &chip);
  	if (err < 0)
  		goto error;

  	card->private_data = chip;

  	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
  		err = snd_ca0106_pcm(chip, i);
  		if (err < 0)
  			goto error;

  	}

  
  	if (chip->details->ac97 == 1) {
  		/* The SB0410 and SB0413 do not have an AC97 chip. */
  		err = snd_ca0106_ac97(chip);
  		if (err < 0)
  			goto error;

  	}

  	err = snd_ca0106_mixer(chip);
  	if (err < 0)
  		goto error;

  	snd_printdd("ca0106: probe for MIDI channel A ...");

  	err = snd_ca0106_midi(chip, CA0106_MIDI_CHAN_A);
  	if (err < 0)
  		goto error;

  	snd_printdd(" done.
  ");

  #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS

  	snd_ca0106_proc_init(chip);

  #endif

  	snd_card_set_dev(card, &pci->dev);

  	err = snd_card_register(card);
  	if (err < 0)
  		goto error;

  
  	pci_set_drvdata(pci, card);
  	dev++;
  	return 0;

  
   error:
  	snd_card_free(card);
  	return err;

  }
  
  static void __devexit snd_ca0106_remove(struct pci_dev *pci)
  {
  	snd_card_free(pci_get_drvdata(pci));
  	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
  }

  #ifdef CONFIG_PM
  static int snd_ca0106_suspend(struct pci_dev *pci, pm_message_t state)
  {
  	struct snd_card *card = pci_get_drvdata(pci);
  	struct snd_ca0106 *chip = card->private_data;
  	int i;
  
  	snd_power_change_state(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3hot);
  	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
  		snd_pcm_suspend_all(chip->pcm[i]);

  	if (chip->details->ac97)
  		snd_ac97_suspend(chip->ac97);

  	snd_ca0106_mixer_suspend(chip);
  
  	ca0106_stop_chip(chip);
  
  	pci_disable_device(pci);
  	pci_save_state(pci);
  	pci_set_power_state(pci, pci_choose_state(pci, state));
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ca0106_resume(struct pci_dev *pci)
  {
  	struct snd_card *card = pci_get_drvdata(pci);
  	struct snd_ca0106 *chip = card->private_data;
  	int i;
  
  	pci_set_power_state(pci, PCI_D0);
  	pci_restore_state(pci);

  
  	if (pci_enable_device(pci) < 0) {
  		snd_card_disconnect(card);
  		return -EIO;
  	}

  	pci_set_master(pci);

  	ca0106_init_chip(chip, 1);

  	if (chip->details->ac97)
  		snd_ac97_resume(chip->ac97);

  	snd_ca0106_mixer_resume(chip);
  	if (chip->details->spi_dac) {
  		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(chip->spi_dac_reg); i++)
  			snd_ca0106_spi_write(chip, chip->spi_dac_reg[i]);
  	}
  
  	snd_power_change_state(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
  	return 0;
  }
  #endif

  // PCI IDs

  static DEFINE_PCI_DEVICE_TABLE(snd_ca0106_ids) = {

  	{ PCI_VDEVICE(CREATIVE, 0x0007), 0 },	/* Audigy LS or Live 24bit */

  	{ 0, }
  };
  MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, snd_ca0106_ids);
  
  // pci_driver definition
  static struct pci_driver driver = {

  	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,

  	.id_table = snd_ca0106_ids,
  	.probe = snd_ca0106_probe,
  	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_ca0106_remove),

  #ifdef CONFIG_PM
  	.suspend = snd_ca0106_suspend,
  	.resume = snd_ca0106_resume,
  #endif

  };
  
  // initialization of the module
  static int __init alsa_card_ca0106_init(void)
  {

  	return pci_register_driver(&driver);

  }
  
  // clean up the module
  static void __exit alsa_card_ca0106_exit(void)
  {
  	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
  }
  
  module_init(alsa_card_ca0106_init)
  module_exit(alsa_card_ca0106_exit)