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tools/gdb/remote.c
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ |
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/* * taken from gdb/remote.c * * I am only interested in the write to memory stuff - everything else * has been ripped out * * all the copyright notices etc have been left in */ /* enough so that it will compile */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <errno.h> /*nicked from gcc..*/ #ifndef alloca #ifdef __GNUC__ #define alloca __builtin_alloca #else /* not GNU C. */ #if (!defined (__STDC__) && defined (sparc)) || defined (__sparc__) || defined (__sparc) || defined (__sgi) #include <alloca.h> #else /* not sparc */ #if defined (MSDOS) && !defined (__TURBOC__) #include <malloc.h> #else /* not MSDOS, or __TURBOC__ */ #if defined(_AIX) #include <malloc.h> #pragma alloca #else /* not MSDOS, __TURBOC__, or _AIX */ #ifdef __hpux #endif /* __hpux */ #endif /* not _AIX */ #endif /* not MSDOS, or __TURBOC__ */ #endif /* not sparc. */ #endif /* not GNU C. */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif void* alloca(size_t); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* alloca not defined. */ #include "serial.h" #include "error.h" #include "remote.h" #define REGISTER_BYTES 0 #define fprintf_unfiltered fprintf #define fprintf_filtered fprintf #define fputs_unfiltered fputs #define fputs_filtered fputs #define fputc_unfiltered fputc #define fputc_filtered fputc #define printf_unfiltered printf #define printf_filtered printf #define puts_unfiltered puts #define puts_filtered puts #define putchar_unfiltered putchar #define putchar_filtered putchar #define fputstr_unfiltered(a,b,c) fputs((a), (c)) #define gdb_stdlog stderr #define SERIAL_READCHAR(fd,timo) serialreadchar((fd), (timo)) #define SERIAL_WRITE(fd, addr, len) serialwrite((fd), (addr), (len)) #define error Error #define perror_with_name Perror #define gdb_flush fflush #define max(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b)) #define min(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b)) #define target_mourn_inferior() {} #define ULONGEST unsigned long #define CORE_ADDR unsigned long static int putpkt (char *); static int putpkt_binary(char *, int); static void getpkt (char *, int); static int remote_debug = 0, remote_register_buf_size = 0, watchdog = 0; int remote_desc = -1, remote_timeout = 10; static void fputstrn_unfiltered(char *s, int n, int x, FILE *fp) { while (n-- > 0) fputc(*s++, fp); } void remote_reset(void) { SERIAL_WRITE(remote_desc, "+", 1); } void remote_continue(void) { putpkt("c"); } /* Remote target communications for serial-line targets in custom GDB protocol Copyright 1988, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GDB. |
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*/ |
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/* *INDENT-OFF* */ /* Remote communication protocol. A debug packet whose contents are <data> is encapsulated for transmission in the form: $ <data> # CSUM1 CSUM2 <data> must be ASCII alphanumeric and cannot include characters '$' or '#'. If <data> starts with two characters followed by ':', then the existing stubs interpret this as a sequence number. CSUM1 and CSUM2 are ascii hex representation of an 8-bit checksum of <data>, the most significant nibble is sent first. the hex digits 0-9,a-f are used. Receiver responds with: + - if CSUM is correct and ready for next packet - - if CSUM is incorrect <data> is as follows: Most values are encoded in ascii hex digits. Signal numbers are according to the numbering in target.h. Request Packet set thread Hct... Set thread for subsequent operations. c = 'c' for thread used in step and continue; t... can be -1 for all threads. c = 'g' for thread used in other operations. If zero, pick a thread, any thread. reply OK for success ENN for an error. read registers g reply XX....X Each byte of register data is described by two hex digits. Registers are in the internal order for GDB, and the bytes in a register are in the same order the machine uses. or ENN for an error. write regs GXX..XX Each byte of register data is described by two hex digits. reply OK for success ENN for an error |
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write reg Pn...=r... Write register n... with value r..., |
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which contains two hex digits for each byte in the register (target byte order). reply OK for success ENN for an error (not supported by all stubs). read mem mAA..AA,LLLL AA..AA is address, LLLL is length. reply XX..XX XX..XX is mem contents Can be fewer bytes than requested if able to read only part of the data. or ENN NN is errno write mem MAA..AA,LLLL:XX..XX AA..AA is address, LLLL is number of bytes, XX..XX is data reply OK for success ENN for an error (this includes the case where only part of the data was written). |
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write mem XAA..AA,LLLL:XX..XX (binary) AA..AA is address, LLLL is number of bytes, XX..XX is binary data reply OK for success ENN for an error |
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continue cAA..AA AA..AA is address to resume If AA..AA is omitted, resume at same address. step sAA..AA AA..AA is address to resume If AA..AA is omitted, resume at same address. continue with Csig;AA..AA Continue with signal sig (hex signal signal number). If ;AA..AA is omitted, resume at same address. step with Ssig;AA..AA Like 'C' but step not continue. signal last signal ? Reply the current reason for stopping. |
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This is the same reply as is generated |
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for step or cont : SAA where AA is the signal number. detach D Reply OK. There is no immediate reply to step or cont. The reply comes when the machine stops. It is SAA AA is the signal number. or... TAAn...:r...;n...:r...;n...:r...; AA = signal number n... = register number (hex) r... = register contents n... = `thread' r... = thread process ID. This is a hex integer. n... = other string not starting with valid hex digit. gdb should ignore this n,r pair and go on to the next. This way we can extend the protocol. or... WAA The process exited, and AA is the exit status. This is only applicable for certains sorts of targets. or... XAA The process terminated with signal AA. or (obsolete) NAA;tttttttt;dddddddd;bbbbbbbb AA = signal number tttttttt = address of symbol "_start" dddddddd = base of data section bbbbbbbb = base of bss section. Note: only used by Cisco Systems targets. The difference between this reply and the "qOffsets" query is that the 'N' packet may arrive spontaneously whereas the 'qOffsets' is a query initiated by the host debugger. |
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or... OXX..XX XX..XX is hex encoding of ASCII data. This |
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can happen at any time while the program is running and the debugger should continue to wait for 'W', 'T', etc. thread alive TXX Find out if the thread XX is alive. reply OK thread is still alive ENN thread is dead remote restart RXX Restart the remote server |
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extended ops ! Use the extended remote protocol. |
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Sticky -- only needs to be set once. kill request k toggle debug d toggle debug flag (see 386 & 68k stubs) reset r reset -- see sparc stub. reserved <other> On other requests, the stub should ignore the request and send an empty response ($#<checksum>). This way we can extend the protocol and GDB can tell whether the stub it is talking to uses the old or the new. search tAA:PP,MM Search backwards starting at address AA for a match with pattern PP and mask MM. PP and MM are 4 bytes. Not supported by all stubs. general query qXXXX Request info about XXXX. general set QXXXX=yyyy Set value of XXXX to yyyy. query sect offs qOffsets Get section offsets. Reply is Text=xxx;Data=yyy;Bss=zzz Responses can be run-length encoded to save space. A '*' means that the next character is an ASCII encoding giving a repeat count which stands for that many repititions of the character preceding the '*'. The encoding is n+29, yielding a printable character where n >=3 (which is where rle starts to win). Don't use an n > 126. So "0* " means the same as "0000". */ /* *INDENT-ON* */ /* This variable (available to the user via "set remotebinarydownload") dictates whether downloads are sent in binary (via the 'X' packet). We assume that the stub can, and attempt to do it. This will be cleared if the stub does not understand it. This switch is still needed, though in cases when the packet is supported in the stub, but the connection does not allow it (i.e., 7-bit serial connection only). */ static int remote_binary_download = 1; /* Have we already checked whether binary downloads work? */ static int remote_binary_checked; /* Maximum number of bytes to read/write at once. The value here is chosen to fill up a packet (the headers account for the 32). */ #define MAXBUFBYTES(N) (((N)-32)/2) /* Having this larger than 400 causes us to be incompatible with m68k-stub.c and i386-stub.c. Normally, no one would notice because it only matters for writing large chunks of memory (e.g. in downloads). Also, this needs to be more than 400 if required to hold the registers (see below, where we round it up based on REGISTER_BYTES). */ /* Round up PBUFSIZ to hold all the registers, at least. */ #define PBUFSIZ ((REGISTER_BYTES > MAXBUFBYTES (400)) \ ? (REGISTER_BYTES * 2 + 32) \ : 400) /* This variable sets the number of bytes to be written to the target in a single packet. Normally PBUFSIZ is satisfactory, but some targets need smaller values (perhaps because the receiving end is slow). */ static int remote_write_size = 0x7fffffff; /* This variable sets the number of bits in an address that are to be sent in a memory ("M" or "m") packet. Normally, after stripping leading zeros, the entire address would be sent. This variable restricts the address to REMOTE_ADDRESS_SIZE bits. HISTORY: The initial implementation of remote.c restricted the address sent in memory packets to ``host::sizeof long'' bytes - (typically 32 bits). Consequently, for 64 bit targets, the upper 32 bits of an address was never sent. Since fixing this bug may cause a break in some remote targets this variable is principly provided to facilitate backward compatibility. */ static int remote_address_size; /* Convert hex digit A to a number. */ static int fromhex (int a) { if (a >= '0' && a <= '9') return a - '0'; else if (a >= 'a' && a <= 'f') return a - 'a' + 10; else if (a >= 'A' && a <= 'F') return a - 'A' + 10; else { error ("Reply contains invalid hex digit %d", a); return -1; } } /* Convert number NIB to a hex digit. */ static int tohex (int nib) { if (nib < 10) return '0' + nib; else return 'a' + nib - 10; } /* Return the number of hex digits in num. */ static int hexnumlen (ULONGEST num) { int i; for (i = 0; num != 0; i++) num >>= 4; return max (i, 1); } /* Set BUF to the hex digits representing NUM. */ static int hexnumstr (char *buf, ULONGEST num) { int i; int len = hexnumlen (num); buf[len] = '\0'; for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) { buf[i] = "0123456789abcdef"[(num & 0xf)]; num >>= 4; } return len; } /* Mask all but the least significant REMOTE_ADDRESS_SIZE bits. */ static CORE_ADDR remote_address_masked (CORE_ADDR addr) { if (remote_address_size > 0 && remote_address_size < (sizeof (ULONGEST) * 8)) { /* Only create a mask when that mask can safely be constructed |
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in a ULONGEST variable. */ |
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ULONGEST mask = 1; mask = (mask << remote_address_size) - 1; addr &= mask; } return addr; } /* Determine whether the remote target supports binary downloading. This is accomplished by sending a no-op memory write of zero length to the target at the specified address. It does not suffice to send the whole packet, since many stubs strip the eighth bit and subsequently compute a wrong checksum, which causes real havoc with remote_write_bytes. NOTE: This can still lose if the serial line is not eight-bit clean. In cases like this, the user should clear "remotebinarydownload". */ static void check_binary_download (CORE_ADDR addr) { if (remote_binary_download && !remote_binary_checked) { char *buf = alloca (PBUFSIZ); char *p; remote_binary_checked = 1; p = buf; *p++ = 'X'; p += hexnumstr (p, (ULONGEST) addr); *p++ = ','; p += hexnumstr (p, (ULONGEST) 0); *p++ = ':'; *p = '\0'; putpkt_binary (buf, (int) (p - buf)); getpkt (buf, 0); if (buf[0] == '\0') remote_binary_download = 0; } if (remote_debug) { if (remote_binary_download) fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, "binary downloading suppported by target "); else fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, "binary downloading NOT suppported by target "); } } /* Write memory data directly to the remote machine. This does not inform the data cache; the data cache uses this. MEMADDR is the address in the remote memory space. MYADDR is the address of the buffer in our space. LEN is the number of bytes. Returns number of bytes transferred, or 0 for error. */ int remote_write_bytes (memaddr, myaddr, len) CORE_ADDR memaddr; char *myaddr; int len; { unsigned char *buf = alloca (PBUFSIZ); int max_buf_size; /* Max size of packet output buffer */ int origlen; extern int verbose; /* Verify that the target can support a binary download */ check_binary_download (memaddr); /* Chop the transfer down if necessary */ max_buf_size = min (remote_write_size, PBUFSIZ); if (remote_register_buf_size != 0) max_buf_size = min (max_buf_size, remote_register_buf_size); /* Subtract header overhead from max payload size - $M<memaddr>,<len>:#nn */ max_buf_size -= 2 + hexnumlen (memaddr + len - 1) + 1 + hexnumlen (len) + 4; origlen = len; while (len > 0) { unsigned char *p, *plen; int todo; int i; /* construct "M"<memaddr>","<len>":" */ /* sprintf (buf, "M%lx,%x:", (unsigned long) memaddr, todo); */ memaddr = remote_address_masked (memaddr); p = buf; if (remote_binary_download) { *p++ = 'X'; todo = min (len, max_buf_size); } else { *p++ = 'M'; todo = min (len, max_buf_size / 2); /* num bytes that will fit */ } p += hexnumstr ((char *)p, (ULONGEST) memaddr); *p++ = ','; plen = p; /* remember where len field goes */ p += hexnumstr ((char *)p, (ULONGEST) todo); *p++ = ':'; *p = '\0'; /* We send target system values byte by byte, in increasing byte |
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addresses, each byte encoded as two hex characters (or one binary character). */ |
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if (remote_binary_download) { int escaped = 0; for (i = 0; (i < todo) && (i + escaped) < (max_buf_size - 2); i++) { switch (myaddr[i] & 0xff) { case '$': case '#': case 0x7d: /* These must be escaped */ escaped++; *p++ = 0x7d; *p++ = (myaddr[i] & 0xff) ^ 0x20; break; default: *p++ = myaddr[i] & 0xff; break; } } if (i < todo) { /* Escape chars have filled up the buffer prematurely, |
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and we have actually sent fewer bytes than planned. Fix-up the length field of the packet. */ |
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/* FIXME: will fail if new len is a shorter string than |
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old len. */ |
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plen += hexnumstr ((char *)plen, (ULONGEST) i); *plen++ = ':'; } } else { for (i = 0; i < todo; i++) { *p++ = tohex ((myaddr[i] >> 4) & 0xf); *p++ = tohex (myaddr[i] & 0xf); } *p = '\0'; } putpkt_binary ((char *)buf, (int) (p - buf)); getpkt ((char *)buf, 0); if (buf[0] == 'E') { /* There is no correspondance between what the remote protocol uses for errors and errno codes. We would like a cleaner way of representing errors (big enough to include errno codes, bfd_error codes, and others). But for now just return EIO. */ errno = EIO; return 0; } /* Increment by i, not by todo, in case escape chars |
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caused us to send fewer bytes than we'd planned. */ |
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myaddr += i; memaddr += i; len -= i; if (verbose) putc('.', stderr); } return origlen; } /* Stuff for dealing with the packets which are part of this protocol. See comment at top of file for details. */ /* Read a single character from the remote end, masking it down to 7 bits. */ static int readchar (int timeout) { int ch; ch = SERIAL_READCHAR (remote_desc, timeout); switch (ch) { case SERIAL_EOF: error ("Remote connection closed"); case SERIAL_ERROR: perror_with_name ("Remote communication error"); case SERIAL_TIMEOUT: return ch; default: return ch & 0x7f; } } static int putpkt (buf) char *buf; { return putpkt_binary (buf, strlen (buf)); } /* Send a packet to the remote machine, with error checking. The data of the packet is in BUF. The string in BUF can be at most PBUFSIZ - 5 to account for the $, # and checksum, and for a possible /0 if we are debugging (remote_debug) and want to print the sent packet as a string */ static int putpkt_binary (buf, cnt) char *buf; int cnt; { int i; unsigned char csum = 0; char *buf2 = alloca (PBUFSIZ); char *junkbuf = alloca (PBUFSIZ); int ch; int tcount = 0; char *p; /* Copy the packet into buffer BUF2, encapsulating it and giving it a checksum. */ if (cnt > BUFSIZ - 5) /* Prosanity check */ abort (); p = buf2; *p++ = '$'; for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) { csum += buf[i]; *p++ = buf[i]; } *p++ = '#'; *p++ = tohex ((csum >> 4) & 0xf); *p++ = tohex (csum & 0xf); /* Send it over and over until we get a positive ack. */ while (1) { int started_error_output = 0; if (remote_debug) { *p = '\0'; fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, "Sending packet: "); fputstrn_unfiltered (buf2, p - buf2, 0, gdb_stdlog); fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, "..."); gdb_flush (gdb_stdlog); } if (SERIAL_WRITE (remote_desc, buf2, p - buf2)) perror_with_name ("putpkt: write failed"); /* read until either a timeout occurs (-2) or '+' is read */ while (1) { ch = readchar (remote_timeout); if (remote_debug) { switch (ch) { case '+': case SERIAL_TIMEOUT: case '$': if (started_error_output) { putchar_unfiltered (' '); started_error_output = 0; } } } switch (ch) { case '+': if (remote_debug) fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, "Ack "); return 1; case SERIAL_TIMEOUT: tcount++; if (tcount > 3) return 0; break; /* Retransmit buffer */ case '$': { /* It's probably an old response, and we're out of sync. Just gobble up the packet and ignore it. */ getpkt (junkbuf, 0); continue; /* Now, go look for + */ } default: if (remote_debug) { if (!started_error_output) { started_error_output = 1; fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, "putpkt: Junk: "); } fputc_unfiltered (ch & 0177, gdb_stdlog); } continue; } break; /* Here to retransmit */ } #if 0 /* This is wrong. If doing a long backtrace, the user should be |
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able to get out next time we call QUIT, without anything as violent as interrupt_query. If we want to provide a way out of here without getting to the next QUIT, it should be based on hitting ^C twice as in remote_wait. */ |
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if (quit_flag) { quit_flag = 0; interrupt_query (); } #endif } } /* Come here after finding the start of the frame. Collect the rest into BUF, verifying the checksum, length, and handling run-length compression. Returns 0 on any error, 1 on success. */ static int read_frame (char *buf) { unsigned char csum; char *bp; int c; csum = 0; bp = buf; while (1) { c = readchar (remote_timeout); switch (c) { case SERIAL_TIMEOUT: if (remote_debug) fputs_filtered ("Timeout in mid-packet, retrying ", gdb_stdlog); return 0; case '$': if (remote_debug) fputs_filtered ("Saw new packet start in middle of old one ", gdb_stdlog); return 0; /* Start a new packet, count retries */ case '#': { unsigned char pktcsum; *bp = '\000'; pktcsum = fromhex (readchar (remote_timeout)) << 4; pktcsum |= fromhex (readchar (remote_timeout)); if (csum == pktcsum) { return 1; } if (remote_debug) { fprintf_filtered (gdb_stdlog, "Bad checksum, sentsum=0x%x, csum=0x%x, buf=", pktcsum, csum); fputs_filtered (buf, gdb_stdlog); fputs_filtered (" ", gdb_stdlog); } return 0; } case '*': /* Run length encoding */ csum += c; c = readchar (remote_timeout); csum += c; c = c - ' ' + 3; /* Compute repeat count */ if (c > 0 && c < 255 && bp + c - 1 < buf + PBUFSIZ - 1) { memset (bp, *(bp - 1), c); bp += c; continue; } *bp = '\0'; printf_filtered ("Repeat count %d too large for buffer: ", c); puts_filtered (buf); puts_filtered (" "); return 0; default: if (bp < buf + PBUFSIZ - 1) { *bp++ = c; csum += c; continue; } *bp = '\0'; puts_filtered ("Remote packet too long: "); puts_filtered (buf); puts_filtered (" "); return 0; } } } /* Read a packet from the remote machine, with error checking, and store it in BUF. BUF is expected to be of size PBUFSIZ. If FOREVER, wait forever rather than timing out; this is used while the target is executing user code. */ static void getpkt (buf, forever) char *buf; int forever; { int c; int tries; int timeout; int val; strcpy (buf, "timeout"); if (forever) { timeout = watchdog > 0 ? watchdog : -1; } else timeout = remote_timeout; #define MAX_TRIES 3 for (tries = 1; tries <= MAX_TRIES; tries++) { /* This can loop forever if the remote side sends us characters |
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continuously, but if it pauses, we'll get a zero from readchar because of timeout. Then we'll count that as a retry. */ |
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/* Note that we will only wait forever prior to the start of a packet. |
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After that, we expect characters to arrive at a brisk pace. They should show up within remote_timeout intervals. */ |
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do { c = readchar (timeout); if (c == SERIAL_TIMEOUT) { if (forever) /* Watchdog went off. Kill the target. */ { target_mourn_inferior (); error ("Watchdog has expired. Target detached. "); } if (remote_debug) fputs_filtered ("Timed out. ", gdb_stdlog); goto retry; } } while (c != '$'); /* We've found the start of a packet, now collect the data. */ val = read_frame (buf); if (val == 1) { if (remote_debug) { fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, "Packet received: "); fputstr_unfiltered (buf, 0, gdb_stdlog); fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, " "); } SERIAL_WRITE (remote_desc, "+", 1); return; } /* Try the whole thing again. */ retry: SERIAL_WRITE (remote_desc, "-", 1); } /* We have tried hard enough, and just can't receive the packet. Give up. */ printf_unfiltered ("Ignoring packet error, continuing... "); SERIAL_WRITE (remote_desc, "+", 1); } |