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Commit a09a20b526fde0611b49b76521e3c546a47216a5

Authored by Randy Dunlap
Committed by Len Brown
1 parent baadac8b10
Exists in master and in 7 other branches imx_3.0.35_4.1.0, imx_3.10.17_1.0.1_ga, imx_3.10.53_1.1.0_ga, imx_3.14.28_1.0.0_ga, smarc-imx_3.10.53_1.1.0_ga, smarc-imx_3.14.28_1.0.0_ga, smarc-l5.0.0_1.0.0-ga

laptops: move laptop-mode.txt to Documentation/laptops/ 

Move laptop-mode.txt into the laptops/ sub-directory to consolidate
laptop doc files there.

Update references to the file's location.

Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Showing 5 changed files with 954 additions and 954 deletions Side-by-side Diff

Documentation/00-INDEX
Diff comments   View file @ a09a20b
... ... @@ -225,8 +225,6 @@
225 225 - documents the kernel probes debugging feature.
226 226 kref.txt
227 227 - docs on adding reference counters (krefs) to kernel objects.
228   -laptop-mode.txt
229   - - how to conserve battery power using laptop-mode.
230 228 laptops/
231 229 - directory with laptop related info and laptop driver documentation.
232 230 ldm.txt
Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
Diff comments   View file @ a09a20b
... ... @@ -1506,13 +1506,13 @@
1506 1506 -----------
1507 1507  
1508 1508 laptop_mode is a knob that controls "laptop mode". All the things that are
1509   -controlled by this knob are discussed in Documentation/laptop-mode.txt.
  1509 +controlled by this knob are discussed in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt.
1510 1510  
1511 1511 block_dump
1512 1512 ----------
1513 1513  
1514 1514 block_dump enables block I/O debugging when set to a nonzero value. More
1515   -information on block I/O debugging is in Documentation/laptop-mode.txt.
  1515 +information on block I/O debugging is in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt.
1516 1516  
1517 1517 swap_token_timeout
1518 1518 ------------------
Documentation/laptop-mode.txt
View file @ a09a20b
1   -How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode
2   ------------------------------------------------
3   -
4   -Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@samwel.tk)
5   -Date created: January 2, 2004
6   -Last modified: December 06, 2004
7   -
8   -Introduction
9   -------------
10   -
11   -Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up,
12   -to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant
13   -power savings.
14   -
15   -Contents
16   ---------
17   -
18   -* Introduction
19   -* Installation
20   -* Caveats
21   -* The Details
22   -* Tips & Tricks
23   -* Control script
24   -* ACPI integration
25   -* Monitoring tool
26   -
27   -
28   -Installation
29   -------------
30   -
31   -To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options
32   -or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and
33   -laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For
34   -your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at:
35   -
36   -http://www.samwel.tk/laptop_mode/laptop_mode/
37   -
38   -To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is
39   -located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in
40   -/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems.
41   -
42   -Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for
43   -laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop
44   -mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to
45   -stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now
46   -has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.)
47   -
48   -
49   -Caveats
50   --------
51   -
52   -* The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10
53   - minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI
54   - scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out,
55   - so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life.
56   -
57   -* Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown
58   - cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet).
59   - Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you
60   - don't need to.
61   -
62   -* If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then
63   - the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set
64   - DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the
65   - wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab.
66   -
67   -* If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then
68   - the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting.
69   - You must list the filesystems with their true type instead.
70   -
71   -* It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access
72   - times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and
73   - experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option
74   - DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file.
75   -
76   -
77   -The Details
78   ------------
79   -
80   -Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is
81   -present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any
82   -configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might
83   -have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The
84   -result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up
85   -anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written
86   -immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode
87   -knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush
88   -is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to
89   -0 disables laptop mode.
90   -
91   -To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode
92   -control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in
93   -/proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are
94   -dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also
95   -changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages
96   -is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for
97   -ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script),
98   -this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which
99   -occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by
100   -a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity.
101   -
102   -If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can
103   -gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag
104   -is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and
105   -all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk
106   -needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of
107   -block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using
108   -"dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes
109   -kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise
110   -the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not
111   -normally there.
112   -
113   -
114   -Configuration
115   --------------
116   -
117   -The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on
118   -Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It
119   -contains the following options:
120   -
121   -MAX_AGE:
122   -
123   -Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
124   -comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
125   -amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode.
126   -
127   -MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:
128   -
129   -Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of
130   -battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes.
131   -
132   -AC_HD/BATT_HD:
133   -
134   -The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode
135   -is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are
136   -20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The
137   -possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the
138   -"-S" option.
139   -
140   -HD:
141   -
142   -The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode.
143   -Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space.
144   -
145   -READAHEAD:
146   -
147   -Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large
148   -readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are
149   -loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data
150   -(MP3s).
151   -
152   -DO_REMOUNTS:
153   -
154   -The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems
155   -with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this
156   -feature is disabled.
157   -
158   -DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:
159   -
160   -When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option?
161   -Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require
162   -access time recording.
163   -
164   -DIRTY_RATIO:
165   -
166   -The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data
167   -before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to
168   -the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl.
169   -
170   -DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:
171   -
172   -The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data
173   -after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set
174   -this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
175   -sysctl.
176   -
177   -Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different
178   -when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive,
179   -dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts
180   -start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts
181   -are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback
182   -is done when dirty_ratio is reached.
183   -
184   -DO_CPU:
185   -
186   -Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup.
187   -See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.)
188   -
189   -CPU_MAXFREQ:
190   -
191   -When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal
192   -values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at,
193   -or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies.
194   -
195   -
196   -Tips & Tricks
197   --------------
198   -
199   -* Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top
200   - of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1).
201   -
202   -* You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead
203   - to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at
204   - once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek
205   - Kania.)
206   -
207   -* Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number
208   - of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen
209   - this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that
210   - might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users."
211   -
212   -* In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the
213   - file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't
214   - spin down, this is a likely culprit.
215   -
216   -* Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd
217   - (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode
218   - from doing its thing.
219   -
220   -* If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB
221   - memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though
222   - that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse
223   - may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling
224   - filesystems on flash memory sticks.)
225   -
226   -
227   -Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts
228   --------------------------------------------------------
229   -
230   -This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external
231   -configuration file
232   -
233   -It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as
234   -/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes.
235   -
236   ---------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN-------------------------------------------
237   -# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
238   -# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
239   -# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
240   -#MAX_AGE=600
241   -
242   -# Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery
243   -# that you have left goes below this threshold.
244   -MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10
245   -
246   -# Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG
247   -# by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk
248   -# will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is
249   -# playing.
250   -#READAHEAD=4096
251   -
252   -# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes)
253   -#DO_REMOUNTS=1
254   -
255   -# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes)
256   -#DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1
257   -
258   -# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process
259   -# which
260   -# calls write() does its own writeback
261   -#DIRTY_RATIO=40
262   -
263   -#
264   -# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been
265   -# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount
266   -# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once
267   -# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it.
268   -#
269   -#DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5
270   -
271   -# kernel default dirty buffer age
272   -#DEF_AGE=30
273   -#DEF_UPDATE=5
274   -#DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10
275   -#DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40
276   -#DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15
277   -#DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30
278   -#DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1
279   -
280   -# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel
281   -# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in
282   -# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still
283   -# needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for
284   -# external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't
285   -# need to change this on 2.6.
286   -#XFS_HZ=100
287   -
288   -# Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery?
289   -# Requires CPUFreq to be setup.
290   -# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info
291   -#DO_CPU=0
292   -
293   -# When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should
294   -# use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your
295   -# CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in:
296   -# /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies
297   -# Only applicable if DO_CPU=1.
298   -#CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest
299   -
300   -# Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option)
301   -# Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4).
302   -#AC_HD=244
303   -#BATT_HD=4
304   -
305   -# The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space,
306   -# e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb".
307   -#HD="/dev/hda"
308   -
309   -# Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive?
310   -#DO_HD=1
311   -
312   ---------------------CONFIG FILE END---------------------------------------------
313   -
314   -
315   -Control script
316   ---------------
317   -
318   -Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks
319   -to Kiko Piris).
320   -
321   ---------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN----------------------------------------
322   -#!/bin/bash
323   -
324   -# start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when
325   -# ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop
326   -#
327   -# install as /sbin/laptop_mode
328   -#
329   -# Contributors to this script: Kiko Piris
330   -# Bart Samwel
331   -# Micha Feigin
332   -# Andrew Morton
333   -# Herve Eychenne
334   -# Dax Kelson
335   -#
336   -# Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe
337   -
338   -#############################################################################
339   -
340   -# Source config
341   -if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then
342   - # Debian
343   - . /etc/default/laptop-mode
344   -elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then
345   - # Others
346   - . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode
347   -fi
348   -
349   -# Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete
350   -# set defaults instead:
351   -
352   -# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
353   -# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
354   -# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
355   -MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'}
356   -
357   -# Read-ahead, in kilobytes
358   -READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'}
359   -
360   -# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes)
361   -DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'}
362   -
363   -# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes)
364   -DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'}
365   -
366   -# Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive?
367   -DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'}
368   -
369   -# Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive?
370   -HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}"
371   -
372   -# spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values)
373   -AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'}
374   -BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'}
375   -
376   -# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process which
377   -# calls write() does its own writeback
378   -DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'}
379   -
380   -# cpu frequency scaling
381   -# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info
382   -DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'}
383   -CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'}
384   -
385   -#
386   -# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been
387   -# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount
388   -# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once
389   -# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it.
390   -#
391   -DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'}
392   -
393   -# kernel default dirty buffer age
394   -DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'}
395   -DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'}
396   -DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'}
397   -DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'}
398   -DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'}
399   -DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'}
400   -DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'}
401   -
402   -# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel
403   -# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in
404   -# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs
405   -# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external
406   -# interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to
407   -# change this on 2.6.
408   -XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'}
409   -
410   -#############################################################################
411   -
412   -KLEVEL="$(uname -r |
413   - {
414   - IFS='.' read a b c
415   - echo $a.$b
416   - }
417   -)"
418   -case "$KLEVEL" in
419   - "2.4"|"2.6")
420   - ;;
421   - *)
422   - echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2
423   - exit 1
424   - ;;
425   -esac
426   -
427   -if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then
428   - echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2
429   - exit 1
430   -fi
431   -
432   -if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then
433   - echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2
434   - exit 1
435   -fi
436   -
437   -# Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from
438   -# a mount options string (the rest of the parameters).
439   -parse_mount_opts () {
440   - OPT="$1"
441   - shift
442   - echo ",$*," | sed \
443   - -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g' \
444   - -e 's/,,*/,/g' \
445   - -e 's/^,//' \
446   - -e 's/,$//'
447   -}
448   -
449   -# Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from
450   -# a mount option string (the rest of the parameters).
451   -parse_nonumber_mount_opts () {
452   - OPT="$1"
453   - shift
454   - echo ",$*," | sed \
455   - -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g' \
456   - -e 's/,,*/,/g' \
457   - -e 's/^,//' \
458   - -e 's/,$//'
459   -}
460   -
461   -# Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in
462   -# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the
463   -# value of the option in another mount options string. The device
464   -# is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default
465   -# value the third. The remainder is the mount options string.
466   -#
467   -# Example:
468   -# parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime
469   -#
470   -# If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result
471   -# will be "defaults,atime".
472   -parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () {
473   - L_DEV="$1"
474   - OPT="$2"
475   - DEF_OPT="$3"
476   - shift 3
477   - L_OPTS="$*"
478   - PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)"
479   - PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)"
480   - # Watch for a default atime in fstab
481   - FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)"
482   - if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then
483   - # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it
484   - if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then
485   - echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT"
486   - else
487   - # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT.
488   - echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT"
489   - fi
490   - else
491   - # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default.
492   - echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT"
493   - fi
494   -}
495   -
496   -# Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in
497   -# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the
498   -# value of the option in another mount options string. The device
499   -# is the first argument, and the option name the second. The
500   -# remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement
501   -# must be done.
502   -#
503   -# Example:
504   -# parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7
505   -#
506   -# If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the
507   -# result will be "rw,commit=3".
508   -parse_mount_opts_wfstab () {
509   - L_DEV="$1"
510   - OPT="$2"
511   - shift 2
512   - L_OPTS="$*"
513   - PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)"
514   - # Watch for a default commit in fstab
515   - FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)"
516   - if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then
517   - # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it
518   - echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT="
519   - echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \
520   - -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//' \
521   - -e 's/,.*//'
522   - else
523   - # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0
524   - echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0"
525   - fi
526   -}
527   -
528   -deduce_fstype () {
529   - MP="$1"
530   - # My root filesystem unfortunately has
531   - # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter
532   - # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab.
533   - cat /etc/fstab |
534   - grep -v '^#' |
535   - while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do
536   - if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then
537   - echo $FSTAB_FST
538   - exit 0
539   - fi
540   - done
541   -}
542   -
543   -if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then
544   - NOATIME_OPT=",noatime"
545   -fi
546   -
547   -case "$1" in
548   - start)
549   - AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE))
550   - XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE))
551   - echo -n "Starting laptop_mode"
552   -
553   - if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then
554   - # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.)
555   - # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when
556   - # laptop mode is enabled.
557   - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age
558   - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval
559   - elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then
560   - # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.)
561   - # The same goes for these.
562   - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer
563   - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval
564   - elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then
565   - # (2.6.6)
566   - # But not for these -- they are also used in normal
567   - # operation.
568   - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer
569   - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval
570   - elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then
571   - # (2.6.7 upwards)
572   - # And not for these either. These are in centisecs,
573   - # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE.
574   - echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs
575   - echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs
576   - echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs
577   - fi
578   -
579   - case "$KLEVEL" in
580   - "2.4")
581   - echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
582   - echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
583   - ;;
584   - "2.6")
585   - echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
586   - echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
587   - echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
588   - echo "$DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
589   - echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
590   - ;;
591   - esac
592   - if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then
593   - cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do
594   - PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")"
595   - if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then
596   - FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP)
597   - fi
598   - case "$FST" in
599   - "ext3"|"reiserfs")
600   - PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")"
601   - mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT
602   - ;;
603   - "xfs")
604   - mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT
605   - ;;
606   - esac
607   - if [ -b $DEV ] ; then
608   - blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV
609   - fi
610   - done
611   - fi
612   - if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then
613   - for THISHD in $HD ; do
614   - /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
615   - /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
616   - done
617   - fi
618   - if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then
619   - if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then
620   - CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq`
621   - fi
622   - echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
623   - fi
624   - echo "."
625   - ;;
626   - stop)
627   - U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE))
628   - B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE))
629   - echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode"
630   - echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
631   - if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then
632   - # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*.
633   - echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer
634   - echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval
635   - elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then
636   - # These need to be restored as well.
637   - echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs
638   - echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs
639   - echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs
640   - fi
641   - case "$KLEVEL" in
642   - "2.4")
643   - echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
644   - ;;
645   - "2.6")
646   - echo "$U_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
647   - echo "$B_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
648   - echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
649   - echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
650   - ;;
651   - esac
652   - if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then
653   - cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do
654   - # Reset commit and atime options to defaults.
655   - if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then
656   - FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP)
657   - fi
658   - case "$FST" in
659   - "ext3"|"reiserfs")
660   - PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)"
661   - PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)"
662   - mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS
663   - ;;
664   - "xfs")
665   - PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)"
666   - mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS
667   - ;;
668   - esac
669   - if [ -b $DEV ] ; then
670   - blockdev --setra 256 $DEV
671   - fi
672   - done
673   - fi
674   - if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then
675   - for THISHD in $HD ; do
676   - /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
677   - /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
678   - done
679   - fi
680   - if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then
681   - echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
682   - fi
683   - echo "."
684   - ;;
685   - *)
686   - echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1
687   - exit 1
688   - ;;
689   -
690   -esac
691   -
692   -exit 0
693   ---------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------
694   -
695   -
696   -ACPI integration
697   -----------------
698   -
699   -Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will
700   -kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that
701   -automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was
702   -written by Jan Topinski.
703   -
704   ------------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------
705   -event=ac_adapter
706   -action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e
707   -----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END---------------------------------
708   -
709   -
710   ------------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN---------------------------------
711   -event=battery.*
712   -action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e
713   -----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------
714   -
715   -
716   -----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN-----------------------------------
717   -#!/bin/bash
718   -
719   -# ac on/offline event handler
720   -
721   -status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state`
722   -
723   -case $status in
724   - "on-line")
725   - /sbin/laptop_mode stop
726   - exit 0
727   - ;;
728   - "off-line")
729   - /sbin/laptop_mode start
730   - exit 0
731   - ;;
732   -esac
733   ----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END--------------------------
734   -
735   -
736   ----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN-------------------
737   -#! /bin/bash
738   -
739   -# Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out.
740   -
741   -BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state
742   -
743   -if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]]
744   -then
745   - LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode`
746   - if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]]
747   - then
748   - if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]]
749   - then
750   - # Source the config file only now that we know we need
751   - if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then
752   - # Debian
753   - . /etc/default/laptop-mode
754   - elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then
755   - # Others
756   - . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode
757   - fi
758   - MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'}
759   -
760   - ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`"
761   - if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]]
762   - then
763   - PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" `
764   - REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" `
765   - fi
766   - if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES))
767   - then
768   - /sbin/laptop_mode stop
769   - fi
770   - else
771   - logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BATT_INFO to the correct path."
772   - fi
773   - fi
774   -fi
775   ----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END--------------------
776   -
777   -
778   -Monitoring tool
779   ----------------
780   -
781   -Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk
782   -spends spun up/down.
783   -
784   ----------------------------dslm.c BEGIN-----------------------------------------
785   -/*
786   - * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor
787   - * by Bartek Kania
788   - * Licenced under the GPL
789   - */
790   -#include <unistd.h>
791   -#include <stdlib.h>
792   -#include <stdio.h>
793   -#include <fcntl.h>
794   -#include <errno.h>
795   -#include <time.h>
796   -#include <string.h>
797   -#include <signal.h>
798   -#include <sys/ioctl.h>
799   -#include <linux/hdreg.h>
800   -
801   -#ifdef DEBUG
802   -#define D(x) x
803   -#else
804   -#define D(x)
805   -#endif
806   -
807   -int endit = 0;
808   -
809   -/* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode
810   - * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm.
811   - * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */
812   -int check_powermode(int fd)
813   -{
814   - unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0};
815   - int state;
816   -
817   - if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)
818   - && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */
819   - && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) {
820   - if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) {
821   - state = -1; /* "unknown"; */
822   - } else
823   - state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */
824   - } else {
825   - state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0;
826   - }
827   - D(printf(" drive state is: %d\n", state));
828   -
829   - return state;
830   -}
831   -
832   -char *state_name(int i)
833   -{
834   - if (i == -1) return "unknown";
835   - if (i == 0) return "sleeping";
836   - if (i == 1) return "active";
837   -
838   - return "internal error";
839   -}
840   -
841   -char *myctime(time_t time)
842   -{
843   - char *ts = ctime(&time);
844   - ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0;
845   -
846   - return ts;
847   -}
848   -
849   -void measure(int fd)
850   -{
851   - time_t start_time;
852   - int last_state;
853   - time_t last_time;
854   - int curr_state;
855   - time_t curr_time = 0;
856   - time_t time_diff;
857   - time_t active_time = 0;
858   - time_t sleep_time = 0;
859   - time_t unknown_time = 0;
860   - time_t total_time = 0;
861   - int changes = 0;
862   - float tmp;
863   -
864   - printf("Starting measurements\n");
865   -
866   - last_state = check_powermode(fd);
867   - start_time = last_time = time(0);
868   - printf(" System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state));
869   -
870   - while(!endit) {
871   - sleep(1);
872   - curr_state = check_powermode(fd);
873   -
874   - if (curr_state != last_state || endit) {
875   - changes++;
876   - curr_time = time(0);
877   - time_diff = curr_time - last_time;
878   -
879   - if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff;
880   - else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff;
881   - else unknown_time += time_diff;
882   -
883   - last_state = curr_state;
884   - last_time = curr_time;
885   -
886   - printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time),
887   - state_name(curr_state));
888   - }
889   - }
890   - changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */
891   -
892   - total_time = time(0) - start_time;
893   - printf("\nTotal running time: %lus\n", curr_time - start_time);
894   - printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes);
895   -
896   - tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100;
897   - printf(" Time in sleep state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp);
898   - tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100;
899   - printf(" Time in active state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp);
900   - tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100;
901   - printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp);
902   -}
903   -
904   -void ender(int s)
905   -{
906   - endit = 1;
907   -}
908   -
909   -void usage()
910   -{
911   - puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>");
912   - exit(0);
913   -}
914   -
915   -int main(int argc, char **argv)
916   -{
917   - int fd;
918   - char *disk = 0;
919   - int settle_time = 60;
920   -
921   - /* Parse the simple command-line */
922   - if (argc == 2)
923   - disk = argv[1];
924   - else if (argc == 4) {
925   - settle_time = atoi(argv[2]);
926   - disk = argv[3];
927   - } else
928   - usage();
929   -
930   - if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) {
931   - printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno));
932   - exit(-1);
933   - }
934   -
935   - if (settle_time) {
936   - printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to "
937   - "'normal'\n", settle_time);
938   - sleep(settle_time);
939   - } else
940   - puts("Not waiting for system to settle down");
941   -
942   - signal(SIGINT, ender);
943   -
944   - measure(fd);
945   -
946   - close(fd);
947   -
948   - return 0;
949   -}
950   ----------------------------dslm.c END-------------------------------------------
Documentation/laptops/00-INDEX
Diff comments   View file @ a09a20b
... ... @@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
2 2 - This file
3 3 acer-wmi.txt
4 4 - information on the Acer Laptop WMI Extras driver.
  5 +laptop-mode.txt
  6 + - how to conserve battery power using laptop-mode.
5 7 sony-laptop.txt
6 8 - Sony Notebook Control Driver (SNC) Readme.
7 9 sonypi.txt
Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt
Diff comments   View file @ a09a20b
  1 +How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode
  2 +-----------------------------------------------
  3 +
  4 +Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@samwel.tk)
  5 +Date created: January 2, 2004
  6 +Last modified: December 06, 2004
  7 +
  8 +Introduction
  9 +------------
  10 +
  11 +Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up,
  12 +to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant
  13 +power savings.
  14 +
  15 +Contents
  16 +--------
  17 +
  18 +* Introduction
  19 +* Installation
  20 +* Caveats
  21 +* The Details
  22 +* Tips & Tricks
  23 +* Control script
  24 +* ACPI integration
  25 +* Monitoring tool
  26 +
  27 +
  28 +Installation
  29 +------------
  30 +
  31 +To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options
  32 +or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and
  33 +laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For
  34 +your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at:
  35 +
  36 +http://www.samwel.tk/laptop_mode/laptop_mode/
  37 +
  38 +To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is
  39 +located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in
  40 +/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems.
  41 +
  42 +Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for
  43 +laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop
  44 +mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to
  45 +stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now
  46 +has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.)
  47 +
  48 +
  49 +Caveats
  50 +-------
  51 +
  52 +* The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10
  53 + minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI
  54 + scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out,
  55 + so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life.
  56 +
  57 +* Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown
  58 + cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet).
  59 + Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you
  60 + don't need to.
  61 +
  62 +* If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then
  63 + the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set
  64 + DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the
  65 + wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab.
  66 +
  67 +* If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then
  68 + the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting.
  69 + You must list the filesystems with their true type instead.
  70 +
  71 +* It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access
  72 + times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and
  73 + experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option
  74 + DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file.
  75 +
  76 +
  77 +The Details
  78 +-----------
  79 +
  80 +Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is
  81 +present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any
  82 +configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might
  83 +have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The
  84 +result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up
  85 +anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written
  86 +immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode
  87 +knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush
  88 +is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to
  89 +0 disables laptop mode.
  90 +
  91 +To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode
  92 +control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in
  93 +/proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are
  94 +dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also
  95 +changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages
  96 +is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for
  97 +ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script),
  98 +this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which
  99 +occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by
  100 +a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity.
  101 +
  102 +If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can
  103 +gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag
  104 +is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and
  105 +all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk
  106 +needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of
  107 +block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using
  108 +"dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes
  109 +kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise
  110 +the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not
  111 +normally there.
  112 +
  113 +
  114 +Configuration
  115 +-------------
  116 +
  117 +The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on
  118 +Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It
  119 +contains the following options:
  120 +
  121 +MAX_AGE:
  122 +
  123 +Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
  124 +comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
  125 +amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode.
  126 +
  127 +MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:
  128 +
  129 +Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of
  130 +battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes.
  131 +
  132 +AC_HD/BATT_HD:
  133 +
  134 +The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode
  135 +is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are
  136 +20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The
  137 +possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the
  138 +"-S" option.
  139 +
  140 +HD:
  141 +
  142 +The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode.
  143 +Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space.
  144 +
  145 +READAHEAD:
  146 +
  147 +Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large
  148 +readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are
  149 +loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data
  150 +(MP3s).
  151 +
  152 +DO_REMOUNTS:
  153 +
  154 +The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems
  155 +with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this
  156 +feature is disabled.
  157 +
  158 +DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:
  159 +
  160 +When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option?
  161 +Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require
  162 +access time recording.
  163 +
  164 +DIRTY_RATIO:
  165 +
  166 +The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data
  167 +before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to
  168 +the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl.
  169 +
  170 +DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:
  171 +
  172 +The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data
  173 +after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set
  174 +this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
  175 +sysctl.
  176 +
  177 +Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different
  178 +when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive,
  179 +dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts
  180 +start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts
  181 +are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback
  182 +is done when dirty_ratio is reached.
  183 +
  184 +DO_CPU:
  185 +
  186 +Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup.
  187 +See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.)
  188 +
  189 +CPU_MAXFREQ:
  190 +
  191 +When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal
  192 +values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at,
  193 +or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies.
  194 +
  195 +
  196 +Tips & Tricks
  197 +-------------
  198 +
  199 +* Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top
  200 + of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1).
  201 +
  202 +* You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead
  203 + to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at
  204 + once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek
  205 + Kania.)
  206 +
  207 +* Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number
  208 + of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen
  209 + this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that
  210 + might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users."
  211 +
  212 +* In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the
  213 + file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't
  214 + spin down, this is a likely culprit.
  215 +
  216 +* Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd
  217 + (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode
  218 + from doing its thing.
  219 +
  220 +* If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB
  221 + memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though
  222 + that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse
  223 + may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling
  224 + filesystems on flash memory sticks.)
  225 +
  226 +
  227 +Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts
  228 +-------------------------------------------------------
  229 +
  230 +This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external
  231 +configuration file
  232 +
  233 +It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as
  234 +/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes.
  235 +
  236 +--------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN-------------------------------------------
  237 +# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
  238 +# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
  239 +# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
  240 +#MAX_AGE=600
  241 +
  242 +# Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery
  243 +# that you have left goes below this threshold.
  244 +MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10
  245 +
  246 +# Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG
  247 +# by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk
  248 +# will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is
  249 +# playing.
  250 +#READAHEAD=4096
  251 +
  252 +# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes)
  253 +#DO_REMOUNTS=1
  254 +
  255 +# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes)
  256 +#DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1
  257 +
  258 +# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process
  259 +# which
  260 +# calls write() does its own writeback
  261 +#DIRTY_RATIO=40
  262 +
  263 +#
  264 +# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been
  265 +# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount
  266 +# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once
  267 +# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it.
  268 +#
  269 +#DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5
  270 +
  271 +# kernel default dirty buffer age
  272 +#DEF_AGE=30
  273 +#DEF_UPDATE=5
  274 +#DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10
  275 +#DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40
  276 +#DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15
  277 +#DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30
  278 +#DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1
  279 +
  280 +# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel
  281 +# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in
  282 +# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still
  283 +# needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for
  284 +# external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't
  285 +# need to change this on 2.6.
  286 +#XFS_HZ=100
  287 +
  288 +# Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery?
  289 +# Requires CPUFreq to be setup.
  290 +# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info
  291 +#DO_CPU=0
  292 +
  293 +# When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should
  294 +# use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your
  295 +# CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in:
  296 +# /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies
  297 +# Only applicable if DO_CPU=1.
  298 +#CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest
  299 +
  300 +# Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option)
  301 +# Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4).
  302 +#AC_HD=244
  303 +#BATT_HD=4
  304 +
  305 +# The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space,
  306 +# e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb".
  307 +#HD="/dev/hda"
  308 +
  309 +# Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive?
  310 +#DO_HD=1
  311 +
  312 +--------------------CONFIG FILE END---------------------------------------------
  313 +
  314 +
  315 +Control script
  316 +--------------
  317 +
  318 +Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks
  319 +to Kiko Piris).
  320 +
  321 +--------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN----------------------------------------
  322 +#!/bin/bash
  323 +
  324 +# start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when
  325 +# ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop
  326 +#
  327 +# install as /sbin/laptop_mode
  328 +#
  329 +# Contributors to this script: Kiko Piris
  330 +# Bart Samwel
  331 +# Micha Feigin
  332 +# Andrew Morton
  333 +# Herve Eychenne
  334 +# Dax Kelson
  335 +#
  336 +# Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe
  337 +
  338 +#############################################################################
  339 +
  340 +# Source config
  341 +if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then
  342 + # Debian
  343 + . /etc/default/laptop-mode
  344 +elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then
  345 + # Others
  346 + . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode
  347 +fi
  348 +
  349 +# Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete
  350 +# set defaults instead:
  351 +
  352 +# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
  353 +# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
  354 +# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
  355 +MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'}
  356 +
  357 +# Read-ahead, in kilobytes
  358 +READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'}
  359 +
  360 +# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes)
  361 +DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'}
  362 +
  363 +# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes)
  364 +DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'}
  365 +
  366 +# Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive?
  367 +DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'}
  368 +
  369 +# Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive?
  370 +HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}"
  371 +
  372 +# spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values)
  373 +AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'}
  374 +BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'}
  375 +
  376 +# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process which
  377 +# calls write() does its own writeback
  378 +DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'}
  379 +
  380 +# cpu frequency scaling
  381 +# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info
  382 +DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'}
  383 +CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'}
  384 +
  385 +#
  386 +# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been
  387 +# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount
  388 +# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once
  389 +# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it.
  390 +#
  391 +DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'}
  392 +
  393 +# kernel default dirty buffer age
  394 +DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'}
  395 +DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'}
  396 +DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'}
  397 +DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'}
  398 +DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'}
  399 +DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'}
  400 +DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'}
  401 +
  402 +# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel
  403 +# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in
  404 +# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs
  405 +# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external
  406 +# interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to
  407 +# change this on 2.6.
  408 +XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'}
  409 +
  410 +#############################################################################
  411 +
  412 +KLEVEL="$(uname -r |
  413 + {
  414 + IFS='.' read a b c
  415 + echo $a.$b
  416 + }
  417 +)"
  418 +case "$KLEVEL" in
  419 + "2.4"|"2.6")
  420 + ;;
  421 + *)
  422 + echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2
  423 + exit 1
  424 + ;;
  425 +esac
  426 +
  427 +if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then
  428 + echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2
  429 + exit 1
  430 +fi
  431 +
  432 +if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then
  433 + echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2
  434 + exit 1
  435 +fi
  436 +
  437 +# Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from
  438 +# a mount options string (the rest of the parameters).
  439 +parse_mount_opts () {
  440 + OPT="$1"
  441 + shift
  442 + echo ",$*," | sed \
  443 + -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g' \
  444 + -e 's/,,*/,/g' \
  445 + -e 's/^,//' \
  446 + -e 's/,$//'
  447 +}
  448 +
  449 +# Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from
  450 +# a mount option string (the rest of the parameters).
  451 +parse_nonumber_mount_opts () {
  452 + OPT="$1"
  453 + shift
  454 + echo ",$*," | sed \
  455 + -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g' \
  456 + -e 's/,,*/,/g' \
  457 + -e 's/^,//' \
  458 + -e 's/,$//'
  459 +}
  460 +
  461 +# Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in
  462 +# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the
  463 +# value of the option in another mount options string. The device
  464 +# is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default
  465 +# value the third. The remainder is the mount options string.
  466 +#
  467 +# Example:
  468 +# parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime
  469 +#
  470 +# If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result
  471 +# will be "defaults,atime".
  472 +parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () {
  473 + L_DEV="$1"
  474 + OPT="$2"
  475 + DEF_OPT="$3"
  476 + shift 3
  477 + L_OPTS="$*"
  478 + PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)"
  479 + PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)"
  480 + # Watch for a default atime in fstab
  481 + FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)"
  482 + if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then
  483 + # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it
  484 + if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then
  485 + echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT"
  486 + else
  487 + # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT.
  488 + echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT"
  489 + fi
  490 + else
  491 + # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default.
  492 + echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT"
  493 + fi
  494 +}
  495 +
  496 +# Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in
  497 +# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the
  498 +# value of the option in another mount options string. The device
  499 +# is the first argument, and the option name the second. The
  500 +# remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement
  501 +# must be done.
  502 +#
  503 +# Example:
  504 +# parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7
  505 +#
  506 +# If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the
  507 +# result will be "rw,commit=3".
  508 +parse_mount_opts_wfstab () {
  509 + L_DEV="$1"
  510 + OPT="$2"
  511 + shift 2
  512 + L_OPTS="$*"
  513 + PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)"
  514 + # Watch for a default commit in fstab
  515 + FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)"
  516 + if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then
  517 + # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it
  518 + echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT="
  519 + echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \
  520 + -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//' \
  521 + -e 's/,.*//'
  522 + else
  523 + # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0
  524 + echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0"
  525 + fi
  526 +}
  527 +
  528 +deduce_fstype () {
  529 + MP="$1"
  530 + # My root filesystem unfortunately has
  531 + # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter
  532 + # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab.
  533 + cat /etc/fstab |
  534 + grep -v '^#' |
  535 + while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do
  536 + if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then
  537 + echo $FSTAB_FST
  538 + exit 0
  539 + fi
  540 + done
  541 +}
  542 +
  543 +if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then
  544 + NOATIME_OPT=",noatime"
  545 +fi
  546 +
  547 +case "$1" in
  548 + start)
  549 + AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE))
  550 + XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE))
  551 + echo -n "Starting laptop_mode"
  552 +
  553 + if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then
  554 + # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.)
  555 + # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when
  556 + # laptop mode is enabled.
  557 + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age
  558 + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval
  559 + elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then
  560 + # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.)
  561 + # The same goes for these.
  562 + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer
  563 + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval
  564 + elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then
  565 + # (2.6.6)
  566 + # But not for these -- they are also used in normal
  567 + # operation.
  568 + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer
  569 + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval
  570 + elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then
  571 + # (2.6.7 upwards)
  572 + # And not for these either. These are in centisecs,
  573 + # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE.
  574 + echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs
  575 + echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs
  576 + echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs
  577 + fi
  578 +
  579 + case "$KLEVEL" in
  580 + "2.4")
  581 + echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
  582 + echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
  583 + ;;
  584 + "2.6")
  585 + echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
  586 + echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
  587 + echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
  588 + echo "$DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
  589 + echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
  590 + ;;
  591 + esac
  592 + if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then
  593 + cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do
  594 + PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")"
  595 + if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then
  596 + FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP)
  597 + fi
  598 + case "$FST" in
  599 + "ext3"|"reiserfs")
  600 + PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")"
  601 + mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT
  602 + ;;
  603 + "xfs")
  604 + mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT
  605 + ;;
  606 + esac
  607 + if [ -b $DEV ] ; then
  608 + blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV
  609 + fi
  610 + done
  611 + fi
  612 + if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then
  613 + for THISHD in $HD ; do
  614 + /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
  615 + /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
  616 + done
  617 + fi
  618 + if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then
  619 + if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then
  620 + CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq`
  621 + fi
  622 + echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
  623 + fi
  624 + echo "."
  625 + ;;
  626 + stop)
  627 + U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE))
  628 + B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE))
  629 + echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode"
  630 + echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
  631 + if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then
  632 + # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*.
  633 + echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer
  634 + echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval
  635 + elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then
  636 + # These need to be restored as well.
  637 + echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs
  638 + echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs
  639 + echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs
  640 + fi
  641 + case "$KLEVEL" in
  642 + "2.4")
  643 + echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
  644 + ;;
  645 + "2.6")
  646 + echo "$U_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
  647 + echo "$B_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
  648 + echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
  649 + echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
  650 + ;;
  651 + esac
  652 + if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then
  653 + cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do
  654 + # Reset commit and atime options to defaults.
  655 + if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then
  656 + FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP)
  657 + fi
  658 + case "$FST" in
  659 + "ext3"|"reiserfs")
  660 + PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)"
  661 + PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)"
  662 + mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS
  663 + ;;
  664 + "xfs")
  665 + PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)"
  666 + mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS
  667 + ;;
  668 + esac
  669 + if [ -b $DEV ] ; then
  670 + blockdev --setra 256 $DEV
  671 + fi
  672 + done
  673 + fi
  674 + if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then
  675 + for THISHD in $HD ; do
  676 + /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
  677 + /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
  678 + done
  679 + fi
  680 + if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then
  681 + echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
  682 + fi
  683 + echo "."
  684 + ;;
  685 + *)
  686 + echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1
  687 + exit 1
  688 + ;;
  689 +
  690 +esac
  691 +
  692 +exit 0
  693 +--------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------
  694 +
  695 +
  696 +ACPI integration
  697 +----------------
  698 +
  699 +Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will
  700 +kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that
  701 +automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was
  702 +written by Jan Topinski.
  703 +
  704 +-----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------
  705 +event=ac_adapter
  706 +action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e
  707 +----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END---------------------------------
  708 +
  709 +
  710 +-----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN---------------------------------
  711 +event=battery.*
  712 +action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e
  713 +----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------
  714 +
  715 +
  716 +----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN-----------------------------------
  717 +#!/bin/bash
  718 +
  719 +# ac on/offline event handler
  720 +
  721 +status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state`
  722 +
  723 +case $status in
  724 + "on-line")
  725 + /sbin/laptop_mode stop
  726 + exit 0
  727 + ;;
  728 + "off-line")
  729 + /sbin/laptop_mode start
  730 + exit 0
  731 + ;;
  732 +esac
  733 +---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END--------------------------
  734 +
  735 +
  736 +---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN-------------------
  737 +#! /bin/bash
  738 +
  739 +# Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out.
  740 +
  741 +BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state
  742 +
  743 +if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]]
  744 +then
  745 + LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode`
  746 + if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]]
  747 + then
  748 + if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]]
  749 + then
  750 + # Source the config file only now that we know we need
  751 + if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then
  752 + # Debian
  753 + . /etc/default/laptop-mode
  754 + elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then
  755 + # Others
  756 + . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode
  757 + fi
  758 + MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'}
  759 +
  760 + ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`"
  761 + if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]]
  762 + then
  763 + PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" `
  764 + REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" `
  765 + fi
  766 + if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES))
  767 + then
  768 + /sbin/laptop_mode stop
  769 + fi
  770 + else
  771 + logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BATT_INFO to the correct path."
  772 + fi
  773 + fi
  774 +fi
  775 +---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END--------------------
  776 +
  777 +
  778 +Monitoring tool
  779 +---------------
  780 +
  781 +Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk
  782 +spends spun up/down.
  783 +
  784 +---------------------------dslm.c BEGIN-----------------------------------------
  785 +/*
  786 + * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor
  787 + * by Bartek Kania
  788 + * Licenced under the GPL
  789 + */
  790 +#include <unistd.h>
  791 +#include <stdlib.h>
  792 +#include <stdio.h>
  793 +#include <fcntl.h>
  794 +#include <errno.h>
  795 +#include <time.h>
  796 +#include <string.h>
  797 +#include <signal.h>
  798 +#include <sys/ioctl.h>
  799 +#include <linux/hdreg.h>
  800 +
  801 +#ifdef DEBUG
  802 +#define D(x) x
  803 +#else
  804 +#define D(x)
  805 +#endif
  806 +
  807 +int endit = 0;
  808 +
  809 +/* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode
  810 + * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm.
  811 + * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */
  812 +int check_powermode(int fd)
  813 +{
  814 + unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0};
  815 + int state;
  816 +
  817 + if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)
  818 + && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */
  819 + && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) {
  820 + if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) {
  821 + state = -1; /* "unknown"; */
  822 + } else
  823 + state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */
  824 + } else {
  825 + state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0;
  826 + }
  827 + D(printf(" drive state is: %d\n", state));
  828 +
  829 + return state;
  830 +}
  831 +
  832 +char *state_name(int i)
  833 +{
  834 + if (i == -1) return "unknown";
  835 + if (i == 0) return "sleeping";
  836 + if (i == 1) return "active";
  837 +
  838 + return "internal error";
  839 +}
  840 +
  841 +char *myctime(time_t time)
  842 +{
  843 + char *ts = ctime(&time);
  844 + ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0;
  845 +
  846 + return ts;
  847 +}
  848 +
  849 +void measure(int fd)
  850 +{
  851 + time_t start_time;
  852 + int last_state;
  853 + time_t last_time;
  854 + int curr_state;
  855 + time_t curr_time = 0;
  856 + time_t time_diff;
  857 + time_t active_time = 0;
  858 + time_t sleep_time = 0;
  859 + time_t unknown_time = 0;
  860 + time_t total_time = 0;
  861 + int changes = 0;
  862 + float tmp;
  863 +
  864 + printf("Starting measurements\n");
  865 +
  866 + last_state = check_powermode(fd);
  867 + start_time = last_time = time(0);
  868 + printf(" System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state));
  869 +
  870 + while(!endit) {
  871 + sleep(1);
  872 + curr_state = check_powermode(fd);
  873 +
  874 + if (curr_state != last_state || endit) {
  875 + changes++;
  876 + curr_time = time(0);
  877 + time_diff = curr_time - last_time;
  878 +
  879 + if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff;
  880 + else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff;
  881 + else unknown_time += time_diff;
  882 +
  883 + last_state = curr_state;
  884 + last_time = curr_time;
  885 +
  886 + printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time),
  887 + state_name(curr_state));
  888 + }
  889 + }
  890 + changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */
  891 +
  892 + total_time = time(0) - start_time;
  893 + printf("\nTotal running time: %lus\n", curr_time - start_time);
  894 + printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes);
  895 +
  896 + tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100;
  897 + printf(" Time in sleep state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp);
  898 + tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100;
  899 + printf(" Time in active state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp);
  900 + tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100;
  901 + printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp);
  902 +}
  903 +
  904 +void ender(int s)
  905 +{
  906 + endit = 1;
  907 +}
  908 +
  909 +void usage()
  910 +{
  911 + puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>");
  912 + exit(0);
  913 +}
  914 +
  915 +int main(int argc, char **argv)
  916 +{
  917 + int fd;
  918 + char *disk = 0;
  919 + int settle_time = 60;
  920 +
  921 + /* Parse the simple command-line */
  922 + if (argc == 2)
  923 + disk = argv[1];
  924 + else if (argc == 4) {
  925 + settle_time = atoi(argv[2]);
  926 + disk = argv[3];
  927 + } else
  928 + usage();
  929 +
  930 + if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) {
  931 + printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno));
  932 + exit(-1);
  933 + }
  934 +
  935 + if (settle_time) {
  936 + printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to "
  937 + "'normal'\n", settle_time);
  938 + sleep(settle_time);
  939 + } else
  940 + puts("Not waiting for system to settle down");
  941 +
  942 + signal(SIGINT, ender);
  943 +
  944 + measure(fd);
  945 +
  946 + close(fd);
  947 +
  948 + return 0;
  949 +}
  950 +---------------------------dslm.c END-------------------------------------------