string_helpers.c
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Helpers for formatting and printing strings
*
* Copyright 31 August 2008 James Bottomley
* Copyright (C) 2013, Intel Corporation
*/
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/math64.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/limits.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/string_helpers.h>
/**
* string_get_size - get the size in the specified units
* @size: The size to be converted in blocks
* @blk_size: Size of the block (use 1 for size in bytes)
* @units: units to use (powers of 1000 or 1024)
* @buf: buffer to format to
* @len: length of buffer
*
* This function returns a string formatted to 3 significant figures
* giving the size in the required units. @buf should have room for
* at least 9 bytes and will always be zero terminated.
*
*/
void string_get_size(u64 size, u64 blk_size, const enum string_size_units units,
char *buf, int len)
{
static const char *const units_10[] = {
"B", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB", "YB"
};
static const char *const units_2[] = {
"B", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", "PiB", "EiB", "ZiB", "YiB"
};
static const char *const *const units_str[] = {
[STRING_UNITS_10] = units_10,
[STRING_UNITS_2] = units_2,
};
static const unsigned int divisor[] = {
[STRING_UNITS_10] = 1000,
[STRING_UNITS_2] = 1024,
};
static const unsigned int rounding[] = { 500, 50, 5 };
int i = 0, j;
u32 remainder = 0, sf_cap;
char tmp[8];
const char *unit;
tmp[0] = '\0';
if (blk_size == 0)
size = 0;
if (size == 0)
goto out;
/* This is Napier's algorithm. Reduce the original block size to
*
* coefficient * divisor[units]^i
*
* we do the reduction so both coefficients are just under 32 bits so
* that multiplying them together won't overflow 64 bits and we keep
* as much precision as possible in the numbers.
*
* Note: it's safe to throw away the remainders here because all the
* precision is in the coefficients.
*/
while (blk_size >> 32) {
do_div(blk_size, divisor[units]);
i++;
}
while (size >> 32) {
do_div(size, divisor[units]);
i++;
}
/* now perform the actual multiplication keeping i as the sum of the
* two logarithms */
size *= blk_size;
/* and logarithmically reduce it until it's just under the divisor */
while (size >= divisor[units]) {
remainder = do_div(size, divisor[units]);
i++;
}
/* work out in j how many digits of precision we need from the
* remainder */
sf_cap = size;
for (j = 0; sf_cap*10 < 1000; j++)
sf_cap *= 10;
if (units == STRING_UNITS_2) {
/* express the remainder as a decimal. It's currently the
* numerator of a fraction whose denominator is
* divisor[units], which is 1 << 10 for STRING_UNITS_2 */
remainder *= 1000;
remainder >>= 10;
}
/* add a 5 to the digit below what will be printed to ensure
* an arithmetical round up and carry it through to size */
remainder += rounding[j];
if (remainder >= 1000) {
remainder -= 1000;
size += 1;
}
if (j) {
snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%03u", remainder);
tmp[j+1] = '\0';
}
out:
if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(units_2))
unit = "UNK";
else
unit = units_str[units][i];
snprintf(buf, len, "%u%s %s", (u32)size,
tmp, unit);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(string_get_size);
static bool unescape_space(char **src, char **dst)
{
char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
switch (*q) {
case 'n':
*p = '\n';
break;
case 'r':
*p = '\r';
break;
case 't':
*p = '\t';
break;
case 'v':
*p = '\v';
break;
case 'f':
*p = '\f';
break;
default:
return false;
}
*dst += 1;
*src += 1;
return true;
}
static bool unescape_octal(char **src, char **dst)
{
char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
u8 num;
if (isodigit(*q) == 0)
return false;
num = (*q++) & 7;
while (num < 32 && isodigit(*q) && (q - *src < 3)) {
num <<= 3;
num += (*q++) & 7;
}
*p = num;
*dst += 1;
*src = q;
return true;
}
static bool unescape_hex(char **src, char **dst)
{
char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
int digit;
u8 num;
if (*q++ != 'x')
return false;
num = digit = hex_to_bin(*q++);
if (digit < 0)
return false;
digit = hex_to_bin(*q);
if (digit >= 0) {
q++;
num = (num << 4) | digit;
}
*p = num;
*dst += 1;
*src = q;
return true;
}
static bool unescape_special(char **src, char **dst)
{
char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
switch (*q) {
case '\"':
*p = '\"';
break;
case '\\':
*p = '\\';
break;
case 'a':
*p = '\a';
break;
case 'e':
*p = '\e';
break;
default:
return false;
}
*dst += 1;
*src += 1;
return true;
}
/**
* string_unescape - unquote characters in the given string
* @src: source buffer (escaped)
* @dst: destination buffer (unescaped)
* @size: size of the destination buffer (0 to unlimit)
* @flags: combination of the flags.
*
* Description:
* The function unquotes characters in the given string.
*
* Because the size of the output will be the same as or less than the size of
* the input, the transformation may be performed in place.
*
* Caller must provide valid source and destination pointers. Be aware that
* destination buffer will always be NULL-terminated. Source string must be
* NULL-terminated as well. The supported flags are::
*
* UNESCAPE_SPACE:
* '\f' - form feed
* '\n' - new line
* '\r' - carriage return
* '\t' - horizontal tab
* '\v' - vertical tab
* UNESCAPE_OCTAL:
* '\NNN' - byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
* UNESCAPE_HEX:
* '\xHH' - byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
* UNESCAPE_SPECIAL:
* '\"' - double quote
* '\\' - backslash
* '\a' - alert (BEL)
* '\e' - escape
* UNESCAPE_ANY:
* all previous together
*
* Return:
* The amount of the characters processed to the destination buffer excluding
* trailing '\0' is returned.
*/
int string_unescape(char *src, char *dst, size_t size, unsigned int flags)
{
char *out = dst;
while (*src && --size) {
if (src[0] == '\\' && src[1] != '\0' && size > 1) {
src++;
size--;
if (flags & UNESCAPE_SPACE &&
unescape_space(&src, &out))
continue;
if (flags & UNESCAPE_OCTAL &&
unescape_octal(&src, &out))
continue;
if (flags & UNESCAPE_HEX &&
unescape_hex(&src, &out))
continue;
if (flags & UNESCAPE_SPECIAL &&
unescape_special(&src, &out))
continue;
*out++ = '\\';
}
*out++ = *src++;
}
*out = '\0';
return out - dst;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(string_unescape);
static bool escape_passthrough(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
{
char *out = *dst;
if (out < end)
*out = c;
*dst = out + 1;
return true;
}
static bool escape_space(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
{
char *out = *dst;
unsigned char to;
switch (c) {
case '\n':
to = 'n';
break;
case '\r':
to = 'r';
break;
case '\t':
to = 't';
break;
case '\v':
to = 'v';
break;
case '\f':
to = 'f';
break;
default:
return false;
}
if (out < end)
*out = '\\';
++out;
if (out < end)
*out = to;
++out;
*dst = out;
return true;
}
static bool escape_special(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
{
char *out = *dst;
unsigned char to;
switch (c) {
case '\\':
to = '\\';
break;
case '\a':
to = 'a';
break;
case '\e':
to = 'e';
break;
default:
return false;
}
if (out < end)
*out = '\\';
++out;
if (out < end)
*out = to;
++out;
*dst = out;
return true;
}
static bool escape_null(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
{
char *out = *dst;
if (c)
return false;
if (out < end)
*out = '\\';
++out;
if (out < end)
*out = '0';
++out;
*dst = out;
return true;
}
static bool escape_octal(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
{
char *out = *dst;
if (out < end)
*out = '\\';
++out;
if (out < end)
*out = ((c >> 6) & 0x07) + '0';
++out;
if (out < end)
*out = ((c >> 3) & 0x07) + '0';
++out;
if (out < end)
*out = ((c >> 0) & 0x07) + '0';
++out;
*dst = out;
return true;
}
static bool escape_hex(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
{
char *out = *dst;
if (out < end)
*out = '\\';
++out;
if (out < end)
*out = 'x';
++out;
if (out < end)
*out = hex_asc_hi(c);
++out;
if (out < end)
*out = hex_asc_lo(c);
++out;
*dst = out;
return true;
}
/**
* string_escape_mem - quote characters in the given memory buffer
* @src: source buffer (unescaped)
* @isz: source buffer size
* @dst: destination buffer (escaped)
* @osz: destination buffer size
* @flags: combination of the flags
* @only: NULL-terminated string containing characters used to limit
* the selected escape class. If characters are included in @only
* that would not normally be escaped by the classes selected
* in @flags, they will be copied to @dst unescaped.
*
* Description:
* The process of escaping byte buffer includes several parts. They are applied
* in the following sequence.
*
* 1. The character is matched to the printable class, if asked, and in
* case of match it passes through to the output.
* 2. The character is not matched to the one from @only string and thus
* must go as-is to the output.
* 3. The character is checked if it falls into the class given by @flags.
* %ESCAPE_OCTAL and %ESCAPE_HEX are going last since they cover any
* character. Note that they actually can't go together, otherwise
* %ESCAPE_HEX will be ignored.
*
* Caller must provide valid source and destination pointers. Be aware that
* destination buffer will not be NULL-terminated, thus caller have to append
* it if needs. The supported flags are::
*
* %ESCAPE_SPACE: (special white space, not space itself)
* '\f' - form feed
* '\n' - new line
* '\r' - carriage return
* '\t' - horizontal tab
* '\v' - vertical tab
* %ESCAPE_SPECIAL:
* '\\' - backslash
* '\a' - alert (BEL)
* '\e' - escape
* %ESCAPE_NULL:
* '\0' - null
* %ESCAPE_OCTAL:
* '\NNN' - byte with octal value NNN (3 digits)
* %ESCAPE_ANY:
* all previous together
* %ESCAPE_NP:
* escape only non-printable characters (checked by isprint)
* %ESCAPE_ANY_NP:
* all previous together
* %ESCAPE_HEX:
* '\xHH' - byte with hexadecimal value HH (2 digits)
*
* Return:
* The total size of the escaped output that would be generated for
* the given input and flags. To check whether the output was
* truncated, compare the return value to osz. There is room left in
* dst for a '\0' terminator if and only if ret < osz.
*/
int string_escape_mem(const char *src, size_t isz, char *dst, size_t osz,
unsigned int flags, const char *only)
{
char *p = dst;
char *end = p + osz;
bool is_dict = only && *only;
while (isz--) {
unsigned char c = *src++;
/*
* Apply rules in the following sequence:
* - the character is printable, when @flags has
* %ESCAPE_NP bit set
* - the @only string is supplied and does not contain a
* character under question
* - the character doesn't fall into a class of symbols
* defined by given @flags
* In these cases we just pass through a character to the
* output buffer.
*/
if ((flags & ESCAPE_NP && isprint(c)) ||
(is_dict && !strchr(only, c))) {
/* do nothing */
} else {
if (flags & ESCAPE_SPACE && escape_space(c, &p, end))
continue;
if (flags & ESCAPE_SPECIAL && escape_special(c, &p, end))
continue;
if (flags & ESCAPE_NULL && escape_null(c, &p, end))
continue;
/* ESCAPE_OCTAL and ESCAPE_HEX always go last */
if (flags & ESCAPE_OCTAL && escape_octal(c, &p, end))
continue;
if (flags & ESCAPE_HEX && escape_hex(c, &p, end))
continue;
}
escape_passthrough(c, &p, end);
}
return p - dst;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(string_escape_mem);
int string_escape_mem_ascii(const char *src, size_t isz, char *dst,
size_t osz)
{
char *p = dst;
char *end = p + osz;
while (isz--) {
unsigned char c = *src++;
if (!isprint(c) || !isascii(c) || c == '"' || c == '\\')
escape_hex(c, &p, end);
else
escape_passthrough(c, &p, end);
}
return p - dst;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(string_escape_mem_ascii);
/*
* Return an allocated string that has been escaped of special characters
* and double quotes, making it safe to log in quotes.
*/
char *kstrdup_quotable(const char *src, gfp_t gfp)
{
size_t slen, dlen;
char *dst;
const int flags = ESCAPE_HEX;
const char esc[] = "\f\n\r\t\v\a\e\\\"";
if (!src)
return NULL;
slen = strlen(src);
dlen = string_escape_mem(src, slen, NULL, 0, flags, esc);
dst = kmalloc(dlen + 1, gfp);
if (!dst)
return NULL;
WARN_ON(string_escape_mem(src, slen, dst, dlen, flags, esc) != dlen);
dst[dlen] = '\0';
return dst;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kstrdup_quotable);
/*
* Returns allocated NULL-terminated string containing process
* command line, with inter-argument NULLs replaced with spaces,
* and other special characters escaped.
*/
char *kstrdup_quotable_cmdline(struct task_struct *task, gfp_t gfp)
{
char *buffer, *quoted;
int i, res;
buffer = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!buffer)
return NULL;
res = get_cmdline(task, buffer, PAGE_SIZE - 1);
buffer[res] = '\0';
/* Collapse trailing NULLs, leave res pointing to last non-NULL. */
while (--res >= 0 && buffer[res] == '\0')
;
/* Replace inter-argument NULLs. */
for (i = 0; i <= res; i++)
if (buffer[i] == '\0')
buffer[i] = ' ';
/* Make sure result is printable. */
quoted = kstrdup_quotable(buffer, gfp);
kfree(buffer);
return quoted;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kstrdup_quotable_cmdline);
/*
* Returns allocated NULL-terminated string containing pathname,
* with special characters escaped, able to be safely logged. If
* there is an error, the leading character will be "<".
*/
char *kstrdup_quotable_file(struct file *file, gfp_t gfp)
{
char *temp, *pathname;
if (!file)
return kstrdup("<unknown>", gfp);
/* We add 11 spaces for ' (deleted)' to be appended */
temp = kmalloc(PATH_MAX + 11, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!temp)
return kstrdup("<no_memory>", gfp);
pathname = file_path(file, temp, PATH_MAX + 11);
if (IS_ERR(pathname))
pathname = kstrdup("<too_long>", gfp);
else
pathname = kstrdup_quotable(pathname, gfp);
kfree(temp);
return pathname;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kstrdup_quotable_file);