debug_core: refactor locking for master/slave cpus

For quite some time there have been problems with memory barriers and
various races with NMI on multi processor systems using the kernel
debugger.  The algorithm for entering the kernel debug core and
resuming kernel execution was racy and had several known edge case
problems with attempting to debug something on a heavily loaded system
using breakpoints that are hit repeatedly and quickly.

The prior "locking" design entry worked as follows:

  * The atomic counter kgdb_active was used with atomic exchange in
    order to elect a master cpu out of all the cpus that may have
    taken a debug exception.
  * The master cpu increments all elements of passive_cpu_wait[].
  * The master cpu issues the round up cpus message.
  * Each "slave cpu" that enters the debug core increments its own
    element in cpu_in_kgdb[].
  * Each "slave cpu" spins on passive_cpu_wait[] until it becomes 0.
  * The master cpu debugs the system.

The new scheme removes the two arrays of atomic counters and replaces
them with 2 single counters.  One counter is used to count the number
of cpus waiting to become a master cpu (because one or more hit an
exception). The second counter is use to indicate how many cpus have
entered as slave cpus.

The new entry logic works as follows:

  * One or more cpus enters via kgdb_handle_exception() and increments
    the masters_in_kgdb. Each cpu attempts to get the spin lock called
    dbg_master_lock.
  * The master cpu sets kgdb_active to the current cpu.
  * The master cpu takes the spinlock dbg_slave_lock.
  * The master cpu asks to round up all the other cpus.
  * Each slave cpu that is not already in kgdb_handle_exception()
    will enter and increment slaves_in_kgdb.  Each slave will now spin
    try_locking on dbg_slave_lock.
  * The master cpu waits for the sum of masters_in_kgdb and slaves_in_kgdb
    to be equal to the sum of the online cpus.
  * The master cpu debugs the system.

In the new design the kgdb_active can only be changed while holding
dbg_master_lock.  Stress testing has not turned up any further
entry/exit races that existed in the prior locking design.  The prior
locking design suffered from atomic variables not being truly atomic
(in the capacity as used by kgdb) along with memory barrier races.

Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Acked-by: Dongdong Deng <dongdong.deng@windriver.com>