12 Oct, 2016
1 commit
-
Relay avoids calling wake_up_interruptible() for doing the wakeup of
readers/consumers, waiting for the generation of new data, from the
context of a process which produced the data. This is apparently done to
prevent the possibility of a deadlock in case Scheduler itself is is
generating data for the relay, after acquiring rq->lock.The following patch used a timer (to be scheduled at next jiffy), for
delegating the wakeup to another context.
commit 7c9cb38302e78d24e37f7d8a2ea7eed4ae5f2fa7
Author: Tom Zanussi
Date: Wed May 9 02:34:01 2007 -0700relay: use plain timer instead of delayed work
relay doesn't need to use schedule_delayed_work() for waking readers
when a simple timer will do.Scheduling a plain timer, at next jiffies boundary, to do the wakeup
causes a significant wakeup latency for the Userspace client, which makes
relay less suitable for the high-frequency low-payload use cases where the
data gets generated at a very high rate, like multiple sub buffers getting
filled within a milli second. Moreover the timer is re-scheduled on every
newly produced sub buffer so the timer keeps getting pushed out if sub
buffers are filled in a very quick succession (less than a jiffy gap
between filling of 2 sub buffers). As a result relay runs out of sub
buffers to store the new data.By using irq_work it is ensured that wakeup of userspace client, blocked
in the poll call, is done at earliest (through self IPI or next timer
tick) enabling it to always consume the data in time. Also this makes
relay consistent with printk & ring buffers (trace), as they too use
irq_work for deferred wake up of readers.[arnd@arndb.de: select CONFIG_IRQ_WORK]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160912154035.3222156-1-arnd@arndb.de
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472906487-1559-1-git-send-email-akash.goel@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra
Signed-off-by: Akash Goel
Cc: Tom Zanussi
Cc: Chris Wilson
Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
08 Oct, 2016
1 commit
-
Pull parisc updates from Helge Deller:
"Changes include:- Fix boot of 32bit SMP kernel (initial kernel mapping was too small)
- Added hardened usercopy checks
- Drop bootmem and switch to memblock and NO_BOOTMEM implementation
- Drop the BROKEN_RODATA config option (and thus remove the relevant
code from the generic headers and files because parisc was the last
architecture which used this config option)- Improve segfault reporting by printing human readable error strings
- Various smaller changes, e.g. dwarf debug support for assembly
code, update comments regarding copy_user_page_asm, switch to
kmalloc_array()"* 'parisc-4.9-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/deller/parisc-linux:
parisc: Increase KERNEL_INITIAL_SIZE for 32-bit SMP kernels
parisc: Drop bootmem and switch to memblock
parisc: Add hardened usercopy feature
parisc: Add cfi_startproc and cfi_endproc to assembly code
parisc: Move hpmc stack into page aligned bss section
parisc: Fix self-detected CPU stall warnings on Mako machines
parisc: Report trap type as human readable string
parisc: Update comment regarding implementation of copy_user_page_asm
parisc: Use kmalloc_array() in add_system_map_addresses()
parisc: Check return value of smp_boot_one_cpu()
parisc: Drop BROKEN_RODATA config option
21 Sep, 2016
1 commit
-
PARISC was the only architecture which selected the BROKEN_RODATA config
option. Drop it and remove the special handling from init.h as well.Signed-off-by: Helge Deller
16 Sep, 2016
1 commit
-
There are a few places in the kernel that access stack memory
belonging to a different task. Before we can start freeing task
stacks before the task_struct is freed, we need a way for those code
paths to pin the stack.Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski
Cc: Borislav Petkov
Cc: Brian Gerst
Cc: Denys Vlasenko
Cc: H. Peter Anvin
Cc: Jann Horn
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf
Cc: Linus Torvalds
Cc: Peter Zijlstra
Cc: Thomas Gleixner
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/17a434f50ad3d77000104f21666575e10a9c1fbd.1474003868.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar
15 Sep, 2016
1 commit
-
If an arch opts in by setting CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK_STRUCT,
then thread_info is defined as a single 'u32 flags' and is the first
entry of task_struct. thread_info::task is removed (it serves no
purpose if thread_info is embedded in task_struct), and
thread_info::cpu gets its own slot in task_struct.This is heavily based on a patch written by Linus.
Originally-from: Linus Torvalds
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski
Cc: Borislav Petkov
Cc: Brian Gerst
Cc: Denys Vlasenko
Cc: H. Peter Anvin
Cc: Jann Horn
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf
Cc: Linus Torvalds
Cc: Peter Zijlstra
Cc: Thomas Gleixner
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a0898196f0476195ca02713691a5037a14f2aac5.1473801993.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar
09 Aug, 2016
1 commit
-
Pull usercopy protection from Kees Cook:
"Tbhis implements HARDENED_USERCOPY verification of copy_to_user and
copy_from_user bounds checking for most architectures on SLAB and
SLUB"* tag 'usercopy-v4.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
mm: SLUB hardened usercopy support
mm: SLAB hardened usercopy support
s390/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
sparc/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
powerpc/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
ia64/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
arm64/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
ARM: uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
x86/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
mm: Hardened usercopy
mm: Implement stack frame object validation
mm: Add is_migrate_cma_page
03 Aug, 2016
6 commits
-
It doesn't trim just symbols that are totally unused in-tree - it trims
the symbols unused by any in-tree modules actually built. If you've
done a 'make localmodconfig' and only build a hundred or so modules,
it's pretty likely that your out-of-tree module will come up lacking
something...Hopefully this will save the next guy from a Homer Simpson "D'oh!"
moment.Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/10177.1469787292@turing-police.cc.vt.edu
Signed-off-by: Valdis Kletnieks
Cc: Michal Marek
Cc: Rusty Russell
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Doing patches with allmodconfig kernel compiled and committing stuff
into local tree have unfortunate consequence: kernel version changes (as
it should) leading to recompiling and relinking of several files even if
they weren't touched (or interesting at all). This and "git-whatever"
figuring out current version slow down compilation for no good reason.But lets face it, "allmodconfig" kernels don't care about kernel
version, they are simply compile check guinea pigs.Make LOCALVERSION_AUTO depend on !COMPILE_TEST, so it doesn't sneak into
allmodconfig .config.Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160707214954.GC31678@p183.telecom.by
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan
Cc: Michal Marek
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
sprint_symbol_no_offset() returns the string "function_name
[module_name]" where [module_name] is not printed for built in kernel
functions. This means that the blacklisting code will fail when
comparing module function names with the extended string.This patch adds the functionality to block a module's module_init()
function by finding the space in the string and truncating the
comparison to that length.Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466124387-20446-1-git-send-email-prarit@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Prarit Bhargava
Cc: Thomas Gleixner
Cc: Yang Shi
Cc: Prarit Bhargava
Cc: Ingo Molnar
Cc: Mel Gorman
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes
Cc: Kees Cook
Cc: Yaowei Bai
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin
Cc: Rusty Russell
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
There was only one use of __initdata_refok and __exit_refok
__init_refok was used 46 times against 82 for __ref.
Those definitions are obsolete since commit 312b1485fb50 ("Introduce new
section reference annotations tags: __ref, __refdata, __refconst")This patch removes the following compatibility definitions and replaces
them treewide./* compatibility defines */
#define __init_refok __ref
#define __initdata_refok __refdata
#define __exit_refok __refI can also provide separate patches if necessary.
(One patch per tree and check in 1 month or 2 to remove old definitions)[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466796271-3043-1-git-send-email-fabf@skynet.be
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick
Cc: Ingo Molnar
Cc: Sam Ravnborg
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
UML is a bit special since it does not have iomem nor dma. That means a
lot of drivers will not build if they miss a dependency on HAS_IOMEM.
s390 used to have the same issues but since it gained PCI support UML is
the only stranger.We are tired of patching dozens of new drivers after every merge window
just to un-break allmod/yesconfig UML builds. One could argue that a
decent driver has to know on what it depends and therefore a missing
HAS_IOMEM dependency is a clear driver bug. But the dependency not
obvious and not everyone does UML builds with COMPILE_TEST enabled when
developing a device driver.A possible solution to make these builds succeed on UML would be
providing stub functions for ioremap() and friends which fail upon
runtime. Another one is simply disabling COMPILE_TEST for UML. Since
it is the least hassle and does not force use to fake iomem support
let's do the latter.Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466152995-28367-1-git-send-email-richard@nod.at
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann
Cc: Al Viro
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
cgroup's document path is changed to "cgroup-v1". update it.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1470148443-6509-1-git-send-email-iamyooon@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: seokhoon.yoon
Cc: Joonsoo Kim
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
29 Jul, 2016
1 commit
-
Pull trivial tree updates from Jiri Kosina.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial:
fat: fix error message for bogus number of directory entries
fat: fix typo s/supeblock/superblock/
ASoC: max9877: Remove unused function declaration
dw2102: don't output spurious blank lines to the kernel log
init: fix Kconfig text
ARM: io: fix comment grammar
ocfs: fix ocfs2_xattr_user_get() argument name
scsi/qla2xxx: Remove erroneous unused macro qla82xx_get_temp_val1()
27 Jul, 2016
3 commits
-
Implements freelist randomization for the SLUB allocator. It was
previous implemented for the SLAB allocator. Both use the same
configuration option (CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM).The list is randomized during initialization of a new set of pages. The
order on different freelist sizes is pre-computed at boot for
performance. Each kmem_cache has its own randomized freelist.This security feature reduces the predictability of the kernel SLUB
allocator against heap overflows rendering attacks much less stable.For example these attacks exploit the predictability of the heap:
- Linux Kernel CAN SLUB overflow (https://goo.gl/oMNWkU)
- Exploiting Linux Kernel Heap corruptions (http://goo.gl/EXLn95)Performance results:
slab_test impact is between 3% to 4% on average for 100000 attempts
without smp. It is a very focused testing, kernbench show the overall
impact on the system is way lower.Before:
Single thread testing
=====================
1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
100000 times kmalloc(8) -> 49 cycles kfree -> 77 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(16) -> 51 cycles kfree -> 79 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 53 cycles kfree -> 83 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 62 cycles kfree -> 90 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 81 cycles kfree -> 97 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 98 cycles kfree -> 121 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 95 cycles kfree -> 122 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 96 cycles kfree -> 126 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 115 cycles kfree -> 140 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 149 cycles kfree -> 171 cycles
2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
100000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 70 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 70 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 70 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 70 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 70 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 69 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 70 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 73 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 72 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 71 cyclesAfter:
Single thread testing
=====================
1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
100000 times kmalloc(8) -> 57 cycles kfree -> 78 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(16) -> 61 cycles kfree -> 81 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 76 cycles kfree -> 93 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 83 cycles kfree -> 94 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 106 cycles kfree -> 107 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 118 cycles kfree -> 117 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 114 cycles kfree -> 116 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 115 cycles kfree -> 118 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 147 cycles kfree -> 131 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 214 cycles kfree -> 161 cycles
2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
100000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 66 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 66 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 66 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 66 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 65 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 67 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 67 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 64 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 67 cycles
100000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 67 cyclesKernbench, before:
Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation):
Elapsed Time 101.873 (1.16069)
User Time 1045.22 (1.60447)
System Time 88.969 (0.559195)
Percent CPU 1112.9 (13.8279)
Context Switches 189140 (2282.15)
Sleeps 99008.6 (768.091)After:
Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation):
Elapsed Time 102.47 (0.562732)
User Time 1045.3 (1.34263)
System Time 88.311 (0.342554)
Percent CPU 1105.8 (6.49444)
Context Switches 189081 (2355.78)
Sleeps 99231.5 (800.358)Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464295031-26375-3-git-send-email-thgarnie@google.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Garnier
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook
Cc: Christoph Lameter
Cc: Pekka Enberg
Cc: David Rientjes
Cc: Joonsoo Kim
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Under CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY, this adds object size checking to the
SLUB allocator to catch any copies that may span objects. Includes a
redzone handling fix discovered by Michael Ellerman.Based on code from PaX and grsecurity.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook
Tested-by: Michael Ellerman
Reviwed-by: Laura Abbott -
Under CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY, this adds object size checking to the
SLAB allocator to catch any copies that may span objects.Based on code from PaX and grsecurity.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook
Tested-by: Valdis Kletnieks
26 Jul, 2016
2 commits
-
Pull NOHZ updates from Ingo Molnar:
- fix system/idle cputime leaked on cputime accounting (all nohz
configs) (Rik van Riel)- remove the messy, ad-hoc irqtime account on nohz-full and make it
compatible with CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING=y instead (Rik van Riel)- cleanups (Frederic Weisbecker)
- remove unecessary irq disablement in the irqtime code (Rik van Riel)
* 'timers-nohz-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched/cputime: Drop local_irq_save/restore from irqtime_account_irq()
sched/cputime: Reorganize vtime native irqtime accounting headers
sched/cputime: Clean up the old vtime gen irqtime accounting completely
sched/cputime: Replace VTIME_GEN irq time code with IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING code
sched/cputime: Count actually elapsed irq & softirq time -
Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes in this cycle were:- documentation updates
- miscellaneous fixes
- minor reorganization of code
- torture-test updates"
* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (30 commits)
rcu: Correctly handle sparse possible cpus
rcu: sysctl: Panic on RCU Stall
rcu: Fix a typo in a comment
rcu: Make call_rcu_tasks() tolerate first call with irqs disabled
rcu: Disable TASKS_RCU for usermode Linux
rcu: No ordering for rcu_assign_pointer() of NULL
rcutorture: Fix error return code in rcu_perf_init()
torture: Inflict default jitter
rcuperf: Don't treat gp_exp mis-setting as a WARN
rcutorture: Drop "-soundhw pcspkr" from x86 boot arguments
rcutorture: Don't specify the cpu type of QEMU on PPC
rcutorture: Make -soundhw a x86 specific option
rcutorture: Use vmlinux as the fallback kernel image
rcutorture/doc: Create initrd using dracut
torture: Stop onoff task if there is only one cpu
torture: Add starvation events to error summary
torture: Break online and offline functions out of torture_onoff()
torture: Forgive lengthy trace dumps and preemption
torture: Remove CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE, simplify code
torture: Simplify code, eliminate RCU_PERF_TEST_RUNNABLE
...
14 Jul, 2016
1 commit
-
The CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN irq time tracking code does not
appear to currently work right.On CPUs without nohz_full=, only tick based irq time sampling is
done, which breaks down when dealing with a nohz_idle CPU.On firewalls and similar systems, no ticks may happen on a CPU for a
while, and the irq time spent may never get accounted properly. This
can cause issues with capacity planning and power saving, which use
the CPU statistics as inputs in decision making.Remove the VTIME_GEN vtime irq time code, and replace it with the
IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING code, when selected as a config option by the user.Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker
Cc: Linus Torvalds
Cc: Mike Galbraith
Cc: Paolo Bonzini
Cc: Peter Zijlstra
Cc: Radim Krcmar
Cc: Thomas Gleixner
Cc: Wanpeng Li
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468421405-20056-3-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar
07 Jul, 2016
1 commit
-
The "expert" menu was broken (split) such that all entries in it after
KALLSYMS were displayed in the "General setup" area instead of in the
"Expert users" area. Fix this by adding one kconfig dependency.Yes, the Expert users menu is fragile. Problems like this have happened
several times in the past. I will attempt to isolate the Expert users
menu if there is interest in that.Fixes: 4d5d5664c900 ("x86: kallsyms: disable absolute percpu symbols on !SMP")
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.6
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
30 Jun, 2016
1 commit
-
…k/linux-rcu into core/rcu
Pull RCU changes from Paul E. McKenney:
- Documentation updates. Just some simple changes, no design-level
additions.- Miscellaneous fixes.
- Torture-test updates.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
25 Jun, 2016
3 commits
-
Merge misc fixes from Andrew Morton:
"Two weeks worth of fixes here"* emailed patches from Andrew Morton : (41 commits)
init/main.c: fix initcall_blacklisted on ia64, ppc64 and parisc64
autofs: don't get stuck in a loop if vfs_write() returns an error
mm/page_owner: avoid null pointer dereference
tools/vm/slabinfo: fix spelling mistake: "Ocurrences" -> "Occurrences"
fs/nilfs2: fix potential underflow in call to crc32_le
oom, suspend: fix oom_reaper vs. oom_killer_disable race
ocfs2: disable BUG assertions in reading blocks
mm, compaction: abort free scanner if split fails
mm: prevent KASAN false positives in kmemleak
mm/hugetlb: clear compound_mapcount when freeing gigantic pages
mm/swap.c: flush lru pvecs on compound page arrival
memcg: css_alloc should return an ERR_PTR value on error
memcg: mem_cgroup_migrate() may be called with irq disabled
hugetlb: fix nr_pmds accounting with shared page tables
Revert "mm: disable fault around on emulated access bit architecture"
Revert "mm: make faultaround produce old ptes"
mailmap: add Boris Brezillon's email
mailmap: add Antoine Tenart's email
mm, sl[au]b: add __GFP_ATOMIC to the GFP reclaim mask
mm: mempool: kasan: don't poot mempool objects in quarantine
... -
When I replaced kasprintf("%pf") with a direct call to
sprint_symbol_no_offset I must have broken the initcall blacklisting
feature on the arches where dereference_function_descriptor() is
non-trivial.Fixes: c8cdd2be213f (init/main.c: simplify initcall_blacklisted())
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466027283-4065-1-git-send-email-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes
Cc: Yang Shi
Cc: Prarit Bhargava
Cc: Petr Mladek
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
We've had the thread info allocated together with the thread stack for
most architectures for a long time (since the thread_info was split off
from the task struct), but that is about to change.But the patches that move the thread info to be off-stack (and a part of
the task struct instead) made it clear how confused the allocator and
freeing functions are.Because the common case was that we share an allocation with the thread
stack and the thread_info, the two pointers were identical. That
identity then meant that we would have things liketi = alloc_thread_info_node(tsk, node);
...
tsk->stack = ti;which certainly _worked_ (since stack and thread_info have the same
value), but is rather confusing: why are we assigning a thread_info to
the stack? And if we move the thread_info away, the "confusing" code
just gets to be entirely bogus.So remove all this confusion, and make it clear that we are doing the
stack allocation by renaming and clarifying the function names to be
about the stack. The fact that the thread_info then shares the
allocation is an implementation detail, and not really about the
allocation itself.This is a pure renaming and type fix: we pass in the same pointer, it's
just that we clarify what the pointer means.The ia64 code that actually only has one single allocation (for all of
task_struct, thread_info and kernel thread stack) now looks a bit odd,
but since "tsk->stack" is actually not even used there, that oddity
doesn't matter. It would be a separate thing to clean that up, I
intentionally left the ia64 changes as a pure brute-force renaming and
type change.Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
21 Jun, 2016
1 commit
-
[jkosina@suse.cz: folded another fix on top on the same line as spotted by
Randy Dunlap]
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina
16 Jun, 2016
1 commit
-
Usermode Linux currently does not implement arch_irqs_disabled_flags(),
which results in a build failure in TASKS_RCU. Therefore, this commit
disables the TASKS_RCU Kconfig option in usermode Linux builds. The
usermode Linux maintainers expect to merge arch_irqs_disabled_flags()
into 4.8, at which point this commit may be reverted.Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney
Cc: Jeff Dike
Acked-by: Richard Weinberger
28 May, 2016
1 commit
-
page_ext_init() checks suitable pages with pfn_to_nid(), but
pfn_to_nid() depends on memmap which will not be setup fully until
page_alloc_init_late() is done. Use early_pfn_to_nid() instead of
pfn_to_nid() so that page extension could be still used early even
though CONFIG_ DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is enabled and catch early page
allocation call sites.Suggested by Joonsoo Kim [1], this fix basically undoes the change
introduced by commit b8f1a75d61d840 ("mm: call page_ext_init() after all
struct pages are initialized") and fixes the same problem with a better
approach.[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAAmzW4OUmyPwQjvd7QUfc6W1Aic__TyAuH80MLRZNMxKy0-wPQ@mail.gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464198689-23458-1-git-send-email-yang.shi@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi
Cc: Joonsoo Kim
Cc: Mel Gorman
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
27 May, 2016
1 commit
-
Pull kbuild updates from Michal Marek:
- new option CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS which does a two-pass build and
unexports symbols which are not used in the current config [Nicolas
Pitre]- several kbuild rule cleanups [Masahiro Yamada]
- warning option adjustments for gcov etc [Arnd Bergmann]
- a few more small fixes
* 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild: (31 commits)
kbuild: move -Wunused-const-variable to W=1 warning level
kbuild: fix if_change and friends to consider argument order
kbuild: fix adjust_autoksyms.sh for modules that need only one symbol
kbuild: fix ksym_dep_filter when multiple EXPORT_SYMBOL() on the same line
gcov: disable -Wmaybe-uninitialized warning
gcov: disable tree-loop-im to reduce stack usage
gcov: disable for COMPILE_TEST
Kbuild: disable 'maybe-uninitialized' warning for CONFIG_PROFILE_ALL_BRANCHES
Kbuild: change CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE definition
kbuild: forbid kernel directory to contain spaces and colons
kbuild: adjust ksym_dep_filter for some cmd_* renames
kbuild: Fix dependencies for final vmlinux link
kbuild: better abstract vmlinux sequential prerequisites
kbuild: fix call to adjust_autoksyms.sh when output directory specified
kbuild: Get rid of KBUILD_STR
kbuild: rename cmd_as_s_S to cmd_cpp_s_S
kbuild: rename cmd_cc_i_c to cmd_cpp_i_c
kbuild: drop redundant "PHONY += FORCE"
kbuild: delete unnecessary "@:"
kbuild: mark help target as PHONY
...
21 May, 2016
4 commits
-
Using kasprintf to get the function name makes us look up the name
twice, along with all the vsnprintf overhead of parsing the format
string etc. It also means there is an allocation failure case to deal
with. Since symbol_string in vsprintf.c would anyway allocate an array
of size KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN on the stack, that might as well be done up
here.Moreover, since this is a debug feature and the blacklisted_initcalls
list is usually empty, we might as well test that and thus avoid looking
up the symbol name even once in the common case.Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes
Acked-by: Rusty Russell
Acked-by: Prarit Bhargava
Cc: Oleg Nesterov
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Testing has shown that the backtrace sometimes does not fit into the 4kB
temporary buffer that is used in NMI context. The warnings are gone
when I double the temporary buffer size.This patch doubles the buffer size and makes it configurable.
Note that this problem existed even in the x86-specific implementation
that was added by the commit a9edc8809328 ("x86/nmi: Perform a safe NMI
stack trace on all CPUs"). Nobody noticed it because it did not print
any warnings.Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek
Cc: Jan Kara
Cc: Peter Zijlstra
Cc: Steven Rostedt
Cc: Russell King
Cc: Daniel Thompson
Cc: Jiri Kosina
Cc: Ingo Molnar
Cc: Thomas Gleixner
Cc: Ralf Baechle
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky
Cc: David Miller
Cc: Daniel Thompson
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
printk() takes some locks and could not be used a safe way in NMI
context.The chance of a deadlock is real especially when printing stacks from
all CPUs. This particular problem has been addressed on x86 by the
commit a9edc8809328 ("x86/nmi: Perform a safe NMI stack trace on all
CPUs").The patchset brings two big advantages. First, it makes the NMI
backtraces safe on all architectures for free. Second, it makes all NMI
messages almost safe on all architectures (the temporary buffer is
limited. We still should keep the number of messages in NMI context at
minimum).Note that there already are several messages printed in NMI context:
WARN_ON(in_nmi()), BUG_ON(in_nmi()), anything being printed out from MCE
handlers. These are not easy to avoid.This patch reuses most of the code and makes it generic. It is useful
for all messages and architectures that support NMI.The alternative printk_func is set when entering and is reseted when
leaving NMI context. It queues IRQ work to copy the messages into the
main ring buffer in a safe context.__printk_nmi_flush() copies all available messages and reset the buffer.
Then we could use a simple cmpxchg operations to get synchronized with
writers. There is also used a spinlock to get synchronized with other
flushers.We do not longer use seq_buf because it depends on external lock. It
would be hard to make all supported operations safe for a lockless use.
It would be confusing and error prone to make only some operations safe.The code is put into separate printk/nmi.c as suggested by Steven
Rostedt. It needs a per-CPU buffer and is compiled only on
architectures that call nmi_enter(). This is achieved by the new
HAVE_NMI Kconfig flag.The are MN10300 and Xtensa architectures. We need to clean up NMI
handling there first. Let's do it separately.The patch is heavily based on the draft from Peter Zijlstra, see
https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/6/10/327
[arnd@arndb.de: printk-nmi: use %zu format string for size_t]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: min_t->min - all types are size_t here]
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra
Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt
Cc: Jan Kara
Acked-by: Russell King [arm part]
Cc: Daniel Thompson
Cc: Jiri Kosina
Cc: Ingo Molnar
Cc: Thomas Gleixner
Cc: Ralf Baechle
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky
Cc: David Miller
Cc: Daniel Thompson
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
When DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is enabled, just a subset of memmap at
boot are initialized, then the rest are initialized in parallel by
starting one-off "pgdatinitX" kernel thread for each node X.If page_ext_init is called before it, some pages will not have valid
extension, this may lead the below kernel oops when booting up kernel:BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at (null)
IP: [] free_pcppages_bulk+0x2d2/0x8d0
PGD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
Modules linked in:
CPU: 11 PID: 106 Comm: pgdatinit1 Not tainted 4.6.0-rc5-next-20160427 #26
Hardware name: Intel Corporation S5520HC/S5520HC, BIOS S5500.86B.01.10.0025.030220091519 03/02/2009
task: ffff88017c080040 ti: ffff88017c084000 task.ti: ffff88017c084000
RIP: 0010:[] [] free_pcppages_bulk+0x2d2/0x8d0
RSP: 0000:ffff88017c087c48 EFLAGS: 00010046
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000001
RDX: 0000000000000980 RSI: 0000000000000080 RDI: 0000000000660401
RBP: ffff88017c087cd0 R08: 0000000000000401 R09: 0000000000000009
R10: ffff88017c080040 R11: 000000000000000a R12: 0000000000000400
R13: ffffea0019810000 R14: ffffea0019810040 R15: ffff88066cfe6080
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88066cd40000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 0000000002406000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
Call Trace:
free_hot_cold_page+0x192/0x1d0
__free_pages+0x5c/0x90
__free_pages_boot_core+0x11a/0x14e
deferred_free_range+0x50/0x62
deferred_init_memmap+0x220/0x3c3
kthread+0xf8/0x110
ret_from_fork+0x22/0x40
Code: 49 89 d4 48 c1 e0 06 49 01 c5 e9 de fe ff ff 4c 89 f7 44 89 4d b8 4c 89 45 c0 44 89 5d c8 48 89 4d d0 e8 62 c7 07 00 48 8b 4d d0 8b 00 44 8b 5d c8 4c 8b 45 c0 44 8b 4d b8 a8 02 0f 84 05 ff
RIP [] free_pcppages_bulk+0x2d2/0x8d0
RSP
CR2: 0000000000000000Move page_ext_init() after page_alloc_init_late() to make sure page extension
is setup for all pages.Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463696006-31360-1-git-send-email-yang.shi@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi
Cc: Joonsoo Kim
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
20 May, 2016
1 commit
-
Provides an optional config (CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM) to randomize
the SLAB freelist. The list is randomized during initialization of a
new set of pages. The order on different freelist sizes is pre-computed
at boot for performance. Each kmem_cache has its own randomized
freelist. Before pre-computed lists are available freelists are
generated dynamically. This security feature reduces the predictability
of the kernel SLAB allocator against heap overflows rendering attacks
much less stable.For example this attack against SLUB (also applicable against SLAB)
would be affected:https://jon.oberheide.org/blog/2010/09/10/linux-kernel-can-slub-overflow/
Also, since v4.6 the freelist was moved at the end of the SLAB. It
means a controllable heap is opened to new attacks not yet publicly
discussed. A kernel heap overflow can be transformed to multiple
use-after-free. This feature makes this type of attack harder too.To generate entropy, we use get_random_bytes_arch because 0 bits of
entropy is available in the boot stage. In the worse case this function
will fallback to the get_random_bytes sub API. We also generate a shift
random number to shift pre-computed freelist for each new set of pages.The config option name is not specific to the SLAB as this approach will
be extended to other allocators like SLUB.Performance results highlighted no major changes:
Hackbench (running 90 10 times):
Before average: 0.0698
After average: 0.0663 (-5.01%)slab_test 1 run on boot. Difference only seen on the 2048 size test
being the worse case scenario covered by freelist randomization. New
slab pages are constantly being created on the 10000 allocations.
Variance should be mainly due to getting new pages every few
allocations.Before:
Single thread testing
=====================
1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
10000 times kmalloc(8) -> 99 cycles kfree -> 112 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16) -> 109 cycles kfree -> 140 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32) -> 129 cycles kfree -> 137 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64) -> 141 cycles kfree -> 141 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128) -> 152 cycles kfree -> 148 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256) -> 195 cycles kfree -> 167 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512) -> 257 cycles kfree -> 199 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 393 cycles kfree -> 251 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 649 cycles kfree -> 228 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 806 cycles kfree -> 370 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192) -> 814 cycles kfree -> 411 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384) -> 892 cycles kfree -> 455 cycles
2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
10000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384)/kfree -> 119 cyclesAfter:
Single thread testing
=====================
1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
10000 times kmalloc(8) -> 130 cycles kfree -> 86 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16) -> 118 cycles kfree -> 86 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32) -> 121 cycles kfree -> 85 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64) -> 176 cycles kfree -> 102 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128) -> 178 cycles kfree -> 100 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256) -> 205 cycles kfree -> 109 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512) -> 262 cycles kfree -> 136 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 342 cycles kfree -> 157 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 701 cycles kfree -> 238 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 803 cycles kfree -> 364 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192) -> 835 cycles kfree -> 404 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384) -> 896 cycles kfree -> 441 cycles
2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
10000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 123 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 142 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 121 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192)/kfree -> 119 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384)/kfree -> 119 cycles[akpm@linux-foundation.org: propagate gfp_t into cache_random_seq_create()]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Garnier
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter
Cc: Pekka Enberg
Cc: David Rientjes
Cc: Joonsoo Kim
Cc: Kees Cook
Cc: Greg Thelen
Cc: Laura Abbott
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
10 May, 2016
1 commit
-
CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE disables the often useful -Wmaybe-unused warning,
because that causes a ridiculous amount of false positives when combined
with -Os.This means a lot of warnings don't show up in testing by the developers
that should see them with an 'allmodconfig' kernel that has
CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE enabled, but only later in randconfig builds
that don't.This changes the Kconfig logic around CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE to make
it a 'choice' statement defaulting to CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_PERFORMANCE
that gets added for this purpose. The allmodconfig and allyesconfig
kernels now default to -O2 with the maybe-unused warning enabled.Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek
02 Apr, 2016
1 commit
-
Newer Fedora and OpenSUSE didn't boot with my standard configuration.
It took me some time to figure out why, in fact I had to write a script
to try different config options systematically.The problem is that something (systemd) in dracut depends on
CONFIG_FHANDLE, which adds open by file handle syscalls.While it is set in defconfigs it is very easy to miss when updating
older configs because it is not default y.Make it default y and also depend on EXPERT, as dracut use is likely
widespread.Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen
Cc: Richard Weinberger
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
30 Mar, 2016
1 commit
-
The config option to enable it all.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre
Acked-by: Rusty Russell
19 Mar, 2016
1 commit
-
Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
"cgroup changes for v4.6-rc1. No userland visible behavior changes in
this pull request. I'll send out a separate pull request for the
addition of cgroup namespace support.- The biggest change is the revamping of cgroup core task migration
and controller handling logic. There are quite a few places where
controllers and tasks are manipulated. Previously, many of those
places implemented custom operations for each specific use case
assuming specific starting conditions. While this worked, it makes
the code fragile and difficult to follow.The bulk of this pull request restructures these operations so that
most related operations are performed through common helpers which
implement recursive (subtrees are always processed consistently)
and idempotent (they make cgroup hierarchy converge to the target
state rather than performing operations assuming specific starting
conditions). This makes the code a lot easier to understand,
verify and extend.- Implicit controller support is added. This is primarily for using
perf_event on the v2 hierarchy so that perf can match cgroup v2
path without requiring the user to do anything special. The kernel
portion of perf_event changes is acked but userland changes are
still pending review.- cgroup_no_v1= boot parameter added to ease testing cgroup v2 in
certain environments.- There is a regression introduced during v4.4 devel cycle where
attempts to migrate zombie tasks can mess up internal object
management. This was fixed earlier this week and included in this
pull request w/ stable cc'd.- Misc non-critical fixes and improvements"
* 'for-4.6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: (44 commits)
cgroup: avoid false positive gcc-6 warning
cgroup: ignore css_sets associated with dead cgroups during migration
Documentation: cgroup v2: Trivial heading correction.
cgroup: implement cgroup_subsys->implicit_on_dfl
cgroup: use css_set->mg_dst_cgrp for the migration target cgroup
cgroup: make cgroup[_taskset]_migrate() take cgroup_root instead of cgroup
cgroup: move migration destination verification out of cgroup_migrate_prepare_dst()
cgroup: fix incorrect destination cgroup in cgroup_update_dfl_csses()
cgroup: Trivial correction to reflect controller.
cgroup: remove stale item in cgroup-v1 document INDEX file.
cgroup: update css iteration in cgroup_update_dfl_csses()
cgroup: allocate 2x cgrp_cset_links when setting up a new root
cgroup: make cgroup_calc_subtree_ss_mask() take @this_ss_mask
cgroup: reimplement rebind_subsystems() using cgroup_apply_control() and friends
cgroup: use cgroup_apply_enable_control() in cgroup creation path
cgroup: combine cgroup_mutex locking and offline css draining
cgroup: factor out cgroup_{apply|finalize}_control() from cgroup_subtree_control_write()
cgroup: introduce cgroup_{save|propagate|restore}_control()
cgroup: make cgroup_drain_offline() and cgroup_apply_control_{disable|enable}() recursive
cgroup: factor out cgroup_apply_control_enable() from cgroup_subtree_control_write()
...
18 Mar, 2016
1 commit
-
Pull security layer updates from James Morris:
"There are a bunch of fixes to the TPM, IMA, and Keys code, with minor
fixes scattered across the subsystem.IMA now requires signed policy, and that policy is also now measured
and appraised"* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (67 commits)
X.509: Make algo identifiers text instead of enum
akcipher: Move the RSA DER encoding check to the crypto layer
crypto: Add hash param to pkcs1pad
sign-file: fix build with CMS support disabled
MAINTAINERS: update tpmdd urls
MODSIGN: linux/string.h should be #included to get memcpy()
certs: Fix misaligned data in extra certificate list
X.509: Handle midnight alternative notation in GeneralizedTime
X.509: Support leap seconds
Handle ISO 8601 leap seconds and encodings of midnight in mktime64()
X.509: Fix leap year handling again
PKCS#7: fix unitialized boolean 'want'
firmware: change kernel read fail to dev_dbg()
KEYS: Use the symbol value for list size, updated by scripts/insert-sys-cert
KEYS: Reserve an extra certificate symbol for inserting without recompiling
modsign: hide openssl output in silent builds
tpm_tis: fix build warning with tpm_tis_resume
ima: require signed IMA policy
ima: measure and appraise the IMA policy itself
ima: load policy using path
...
17 Mar, 2016
1 commit
-
Merge first patch-bomb from Andrew Morton:
- some misc things
- ofs2 updates
- about half of MM
- checkpatch updates
- autofs4 update
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton : (120 commits)
autofs4: fix string.h include in auto_dev-ioctl.h
autofs4: use pr_xxx() macros directly for logging
autofs4: change log print macros to not insert newline
autofs4: make autofs log prints consistent
autofs4: fix some white space errors
autofs4: fix invalid ioctl return in autofs4_root_ioctl_unlocked()
autofs4: fix coding style line length in autofs4_wait()
autofs4: fix coding style problem in autofs4_get_set_timeout()
autofs4: coding style fixes
autofs: show pipe inode in mount options
kallsyms: add support for relative offsets in kallsyms address table
kallsyms: don't overload absolute symbol type for percpu symbols
x86: kallsyms: disable absolute percpu symbols on !SMP
checkpatch: fix another left brace warning
checkpatch: improve UNSPECIFIED_INT test for bare signed/unsigned uses
checkpatch: warn on bare unsigned or signed declarations without int
checkpatch: exclude asm volatile from complex macro check
mm: memcontrol: drop unnecessary lru locking from mem_cgroup_migrate()
mm: migrate: consolidate mem_cgroup_migrate() calls
mm/compaction: speed up pageblock_pfn_to_page() when zone is contiguous
...
16 Mar, 2016
1 commit
-
Similar to how relative extables are implemented, it is possible to emit
the kallsyms table in such a way that it contains offsets relative to
some anchor point in the kernel image rather than absolute addresses.On 64-bit architectures, it cuts the size of the kallsyms address table
in half, since offsets between kernel symbols can typically be expressed
in 32 bits. This saves several hundreds of kilobytes of permanent
.rodata on average. In addition, the kallsyms address table is no
longer subject to dynamic relocation when CONFIG_RELOCATABLE is in
effect, so the relocation work done after decompression now doesn't have
to do relocation updates for all these values. This saves up to 24
bytes (i.e., the size of a ELF64 RELA relocation table entry) per value,
which easily adds up to a couple of megabytes of uncompressed __init
data on ppc64 or arm64. Even if these relocation entries typically
compress well, the combined size reduction of 2.8 MB uncompressed for a
ppc64_defconfig build (of which 2.4 MB is __init data) results in a ~500
KB space saving in the compressed image.Since it is useful for some architectures (like x86) to retain the
ability to emit absolute values as well, this patch also adds support
for capturing both absolute and relative values when
KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU is in effect, by emitting absolute per-cpu
addresses as positive 32-bit values, and addresses relative to the
lowest encountered relative symbol as negative values, which are
subtracted from the runtime address of this base symbol to produce the
actual address.Support for the above is enabled by default for all architectures except
IA-64 and Tile-GX, whose symbols are too far apart to capture in this
manner.Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook
Tested-by: Kees Cook
Cc: Heiko Carstens
Cc: Michael Ellerman
Cc: Ingo Molnar
Cc: H. Peter Anvin
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt
Cc: Michal Marek
Cc: Rusty Russell
Cc: Arnd Bergmann
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
