20 Oct, 2008
40 commits
-
To prepare the chunking, move the sys_move_pages() code that is used when
nodes!=NULL into do_pages_move(). And rename do_move_pages() into
do_move_page_to_node_array().Signed-off-by: Brice Goglin
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter
Cc: Nick Piggin
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
do_pages_stat() does not need any page_to_node entry for real. Just pass
the pointers to the user-space page address array and to the user-space
status array, and have do_pages_stat() traverse the former and fill the
latter directly.Signed-off-by: Brice Goglin
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter
Cc: Nick Piggin
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
A patchset reworking sys_move_pages(). It removes the possibly large
vmalloc by using multiple chunks when migrating large buffers. It also
dramatically increases the throughput for large buffers since the lookup
in new_page_node() is now limited to a single chunk, causing the quadratic
complexity to have a much slower impact. There is no need to use any
radix-tree-like structure to improve this lookup.sys_move_pages() duration on a 4-quadcore-opteron 2347HE (1.9Gz),
migrating between nodes #2 and #3:length move_pages (us) move_pages+patch (us)
4kB 126 98
40kB 198 168
400kB 963 937
4MB 12503 11930
40MB 246867 11848Patches #1 and #4 are the important ones:
1) stop returning -ENOENT from sys_move_pages() if nothing got migrated
2) don't vmalloc a huge page_to_node array for do_pages_stat()
3) extract do_pages_move() out of sys_move_pages()
4) rework do_pages_move() to work on page_sized chunks
5) move_pages: no need to set pp->page to ZERO_PAGE(0) by defaultThis patch:
There is no point in returning -ENOENT from sys_move_pages() if all pages
were already on the right node, while we return 0 if only 1 page was not.
Most application don't know where their pages are allocated, so it's not
an error to try to migrate them anyway.Just return 0 and let the status array in user-space be checked if the
application needs details.It will make the upcoming chunked-move_pages() support much easier.
Signed-off-by: Brice Goglin
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter
Cc: Nick Piggin
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
During hotplug memory remove, memory regions should be released on a
PAGES_PER_SECTION size chunks. This mirrors the code in add_memory where
resources are requested on a PAGES_PER_SECTION size.Attempting to release the entire memory region fails because there is not
a single resource for the total number of pages being removed. Instead
the resources for the pages are split in PAGES_PER_SECTION size chunks as
requested during memory add.Signed-off-by: Nathan Fontenot
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty
Acked-by: Yasunori Goto
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
This replaces zone->lru_lock in setup_per_zone_pages_min() with zone->lock.
There seems to be no need for the lru_lock anymore, but there is a need for
zone->lock instead, because that function may call move_freepages() via
setup_zone_migrate_reserve().Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
Tested-by: Yasunori Goto
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Presently hugepage doesn't use zero page at all because zero page is only
used for coredumping and hugepage can't core dump.However we have now implemented hugepage coredumping. Therefore we should
implement the zero page of hugepage.Implementation note:
o Why do we only check VM_SHARED for zero page?
normal page checked as ..static inline int use_zero_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED | VM_SHARED))
return 0;return !vma->vm_ops || !vma->vm_ops->fault;
}First, hugepages are never mlock()ed. We aren't concerned with VM_LOCKED.
Second, hugetlbfs is a pseudo filesystem, not a real filesystem and it
doesn't have any file backing. Thus ops->fault checking is meaningless.o Why don't we use zero page if !pte.
!pte indicate {pud, pmd} doesn't exist or some error happened. So we
shouldn't return zero page if any error occurred.Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Cc: Adam Litke
Cc: Hugh Dickins
Cc: Kawai Hidehiro
Cc: Mel Gorman
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Improve debuggability of memory setup problems.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu
Cc: Ingo Molnar
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
mm/hugetlb.c:265:17: warning: symbol 'resv_map_alloc' was not declared. Should it be static?
mm/hugetlb.c:277:6: warning: symbol 'resv_map_release' was not declared. Should it be static?
mm/hugetlb.c:292:9: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer
mm/hugetlb.c:1750:5: warning: symbol 'unmap_ref_private' was not declared. Should it be static?Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison
Acked-by: Andy Whitcroft
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Rewrite the vmap allocator to use rbtrees and lazy tlb flushing, and
provide a fast, scalable percpu frontend for small vmaps (requires a
slightly different API, though).The biggest problem with vmap is actually vunmap. Presently this requires
a global kernel TLB flush, which on most architectures is a broadcast IPI
to all CPUs to flush the cache. This is all done under a global lock. As
the number of CPUs increases, so will the number of vunmaps a scaled
workload will want to perform, and so will the cost of a global TLB flush.
This gives terrible quadratic scalability characteristics.Another problem is that the entire vmap subsystem works under a single
lock. It is a rwlock, but it is actually taken for write in all the fast
paths, and the read locking would likely never be run concurrently anyway,
so it's just pointless.This is a rewrite of vmap subsystem to solve those problems. The existing
vmalloc API is implemented on top of the rewritten subsystem.The TLB flushing problem is solved by using lazy TLB unmapping. vmap
addresses do not have to be flushed immediately when they are vunmapped,
because the kernel will not reuse them again (would be a use-after-free)
until they are reallocated. So the addresses aren't allocated again until
a subsequent TLB flush. A single TLB flush then can flush multiple
vunmaps from each CPU.XEN and PAT and such do not like deferred TLB flushing because they can't
always handle multiple aliasing virtual addresses to a physical address.
They now call vm_unmap_aliases() in order to flush any deferred mappings.
That call is very expensive (well, actually not a lot more expensive than
a single vunmap under the old scheme), however it should be OK if not
called too often.The virtual memory extent information is stored in an rbtree rather than a
linked list to improve the algorithmic scalability.There is a per-CPU allocator for small vmaps, which amortizes or avoids
global locking.To use the per-CPU interface, the vm_map_ram / vm_unmap_ram interfaces
must be used in place of vmap and vunmap. Vmalloc does not use these
interfaces at the moment, so it will not be quite so scalable (although it
will use lazy TLB flushing).As a quick test of performance, I ran a test that loops in the kernel,
linearly mapping then touching then unmapping 4 pages. Different numbers
of tests were run in parallel on an 4 core, 2 socket opteron. Results are
in nanoseconds per map+touch+unmap.threads vanilla vmap rewrite
1 14700 2900
2 33600 3000
4 49500 2800
8 70631 2900So with a 8 cores, the rewritten version is already 25x faster.
In a slightly more realistic test (although with an older and less
scalable version of the patch), I ripped the not-very-good vunmap batching
code out of XFS, and implemented the large buffer mapping with vm_map_ram
and vm_unmap_ram... along with a couple of other tricks, I was able to
speed up a large directory workload by 20x on a 64 CPU system. I believe
vmap/vunmap is actually sped up a lot more than 20x on such a system, but
I'm running into other locks now. vmap is pretty well blown off the
profiles.Before:
1352059 total 0.1401
798784 _write_lock 8320.6667
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge
Cc: Krzysztof Helt
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
__vma_link_file and expand_downwards functions are not small, yeat they
are marked inline. They probably had one callsite sometime in the past,
but now they have more. In order to prevent similar thing, I also
deinlined expand_upwards, despite it having only pne callsite. Nowadays
gcc auto-inlines such static functions anyway. In find_extend_vma, I
removed one extra level of indirection.Patch is deliberately generated with -U $BIGNUM to make
it easier to see that functions are big.Result:
# size */*/mmap.o */vmlinux
text data bss dec hex filename
9514 188 16 9718 25f6 0.org/mm/mmap.o
9237 188 16 9441 24e1 deinline/mm/mmap.o
6124402 858996 389480 7372878 70804e 0.org/vmlinux
6124113 858996 389480 7372589 707f2d deinline/vmlinuxSigned-off-by: Denys Vlasenko
Cc: Hugh Dickins
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
trylock_page, unlock_page open and close a critical section. Hence,
we can use the lock bitops to get the desired memory ordering.Also, mark trylock as likely to succeed (and remove the annotation from
callers).Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
unlock_page is fairly expensive. It can be avoided in page reclaim
success path. By definition if we have any other references to the page
it would be a bug anyway.Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Setting and clearing the page locked when inserting it into swapcache /
pagecache when it has no other references can use non-atomic page flags
operations because no other CPU may be operating on it at this time.This saves one atomic operation when inserting a page into pagecache.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Rework Posix error return for mlock().
Posix requires error code for mlock*() system calls for some conditions
that differ from what kernel low level functions, such as
get_user_pages(), return for those conditions. For more info, see:http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=121750892930775&w=2
This patch provides the same translation of get_user_pages()
error codes to posix specified error codes in the context
of the mlock rework for unevictable lru.[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
This change is intended to make mlock() error returns correct.
make_page_present() is a lower level function used by more than mlock().
Subsequent patch[es] will add this error return fixup in an mlock specific
path.Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
During each reclaim scan we accumulate scan pressure on unrelated lists
which will result in bogus scans and unwanted reclaims eventually.Scanning lists with few reclaim candidates results in a lot of rotation
and therefor also disturbs the list balancing, putting even more
pressure on the wrong lists.In a test-case with much streaming IO, and therefor a crowded inactive
file page list, swapping started becausea) anon pages were reclaimed after swap_cluster_max reclaim
invocations -- nr_scan of this list has just accumulatedb) active file pages were scanned because *their* nr_scan has also
accumulated through the same logic. And this in return created a
lot of rotation for file pages and resulted in a decrease of file
list priority, again increasing the pressure on anon pages.The result was an evicted working set of anon pages while there were
tons of inactive file pages that should have been taken instead.Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Allow free of mlock()ed pages. This shouldn't happen, but during
developement, it occasionally did.This patch allows us to survive that condition, while keeping the
statistics and events correct for debug.Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
This patch adds a function to scan individual or all zones' unevictable
lists and move any pages that have become evictable onto the respective
zone's inactive list, where shrink_inactive_list() will deal with them.Adds sysctl to scan all nodes, and per node attributes to individual
nodes' zones.Kosaki: If evictable page found in unevictable lru when write
/proc/sys/vm/scan_unevictable_pages, print filename and file offset of
these pages.[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix one CONFIG_MMU=n build error]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: adapt vmscan-unevictable-lru-scan-sysctl.patch to new sysfs API]
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
In the fault paths that install new anonymous pages, check whether the
page is evictable or not using lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable(). If
the page is evictable, just add it to the active lru list [via the pagevec
cache], else add it to the unevictable list.This "proactive" culling in the fault path mimics the handling of mlocked
pages in Nick Piggin's series to keep mlocked pages off the lru lists.Notes:
1) This patch is optional--e.g., if one is concerned about the
additional test in the fault path. We can defer the moving of
nonreclaimable pages until when vmscan [shrink_*_list()]
encounters them. Vmscan will only need to handle such pages
once, but if there are a lot of them it could impact system
performance.2) The 'vma' argument to page_evictable() is require to notice that
we're faulting a page into an mlock()ed vma w/o having to scan the
page's rmap in the fault path. Culling mlock()ed anon pages is
currently the only reason for this patch.3) We can't cull swap pages in read_swap_cache_async() because the
vma argument doesn't necessarily correspond to the swap cache
offset passed in by swapin_readahead(). This could [did!] result
in mlocking pages in non-VM_LOCKED vmas if [when] we tried to
cull in this path.4) Move set_pte_at() to after where we add page to lru to keep it
hidden from other tasks that might walk the page table.
We already do it in this order in do_anonymous() page. And,
these are COW'd anon pages. Is this safe?[riel@redhat.com: undo an overzealous code cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Add NR_MLOCK zone page state, which provides a (conservative) count of
mlocked pages (actually, the number of mlocked pages moved off the LRU).Reworked by lts to fit in with the modified mlock page support in the
Reclaim Scalability series.[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix incorrect Mlocked field of /proc/meminfo]
[lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: mlocked-pages: add event counting with statistics]
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Originally by Nick Piggin
Remove mlocked pages from the LRU using "unevictable infrastructure"
during mmap(), munmap(), mremap() and truncate(). Try to move back to
normal LRU lists on munmap() when last mlocked mapping removed. Remove
PageMlocked() status when page truncated from file.[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
[kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: fix double unlock_page()]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: split LRU: munlock rework]
[lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: mlock: fix __mlock_vma_pages_range comment block]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove bogus kerneldoc token]
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
We need to hold the mmap_sem for write to initiatate mlock()/munlock()
because we may need to merge/split vmas. However, this can lead to very
long lock hold times attempting to fault in a large memory region to mlock
it into memory. This can hold off other faults against the mm
[multithreaded tasks] and other scans of the mm, such as via /proc. To
alleviate this, downgrade the mmap_sem to read mode during the population
of the region for locking. This is especially the case if we need to
reclaim memory to lock down the region. We [probably?] don't need to do
this for unlocking as all of the pages should be resident--they're already
mlocked.Now, the caller's of the mlock functions [mlock_fixup() and
mlock_vma_pages_range()] expect the mmap_sem to be returned in write mode.
Changing all callers appears to be way too much effort at this point.
So, restore write mode before returning. Note that this opens a window
where the mmap list could change in a multithreaded process. So, at least
for mlock_fixup(), where we could be called in a loop over multiple vmas,
we check that a vma still exists at the start address and that vma still
covers the page range [start,end). If not, we return an error, -EAGAIN,
and let the caller deal with it.Return -EAGAIN from mlock_vma_pages_range() function and mlock_fixup() if
the vma at 'start' disappears or changes so that the page range
[start,end) is no longer contained in the vma. Again, let the caller deal
with it. Looks like only sys_remap_file_pages() [via mmap_region()]
should actually care.With this patch, I no longer see processes like ps(1) blocked for seconds
or minutes at a time waiting for a large [multiple gigabyte] region to be
locked down. However, I occassionally see delays while unlocking or
unmapping a large mlocked region. Should we also downgrade the mmap_sem
for the unlock path?Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Make sure that mlocked pages also live on the unevictable LRU, so kswapd
will not scan them over and over again.This is achieved through various strategies:
1) add yet another page flag--PG_mlocked--to indicate that
the page is locked for efficient testing in vmscan and,
optionally, fault path. This allows early culling of
unevictable pages, preventing them from getting to
page_referenced()/try_to_unmap(). Also allows separate
accounting of mlock'd pages, as Nick's original patch
did.Note: Nick's original mlock patch used a PG_mlocked
flag. I had removed this in favor of the PG_unevictable
flag + an mlock_count [new page struct member]. I
restored the PG_mlocked flag to eliminate the new
count field.2) add the mlock/unevictable infrastructure to mm/mlock.c,
with internal APIs in mm/internal.h. This is a rework
of Nick's original patch to these files, taking into
account that mlocked pages are now kept on unevictable
LRU list.3) update vmscan.c:page_evictable() to check PageMlocked()
and, if vma passed in, the vm_flags. Note that the vma
will only be passed in for new pages in the fault path;
and then only if the "cull unevictable pages in fault
path" patch is included.4) add try_to_unlock() to rmap.c to walk a page's rmap and
ClearPageMlocked() if no other vmas have it mlocked.
Reuses as much of try_to_unmap() as possible. This
effectively replaces the use of one of the lru list links
as an mlock count. If this mechanism let's pages in mlocked
vmas leak through w/o PG_mlocked set [I don't know that it
does], we should catch them later in try_to_unmap(). One
hopes this will be rare, as it will be relatively expensive.Original mm/internal.h, mm/rmap.c and mm/mlock.c changes:
Signed-off-by: Nick Pigginsplitlru: introduce __get_user_pages():
New munlock processing need to GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS.
because current get_user_pages() can't grab PROT_NONE pages theresore it
cause PROT_NONE pages can't munlock.[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix this for pagemap-pass-mm-into-pagewalkers.patch]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: untangle patch interdependencies]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix things after out-of-order merging]
[hugh@veritas.com: fix page-flags mess]
[lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: fix munlock page table walk - now requires 'mm']
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: build fix]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix truncate race and sevaral comments]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages()]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Cc: Nick Piggin
Cc: Dave Hansen
Cc: Matt Mackall
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Shmem segments locked into memory via shmctl(SHM_LOCKED) should not be
kept on the normal LRU, since scanning them is a waste of time and might
throw off kswapd's balancing algorithms. Place them on the unevictable
LRU list instead.Use the AS_UNEVICTABLE flag to mark address_space of SHM_LOCKed shared
memory regions as unevictable. Then these pages will be culled off the
normal LRU lists during vmscan.Add new wrapper function to clear the mapping's unevictable state when/if
shared memory segment is munlocked.Add 'scan_mapping_unevictable_page()' to mm/vmscan.c to scan all pages in
the shmem segment's mapping [struct address_space] for evictability now
that they're no longer locked. If so, move them to the appropriate zone
lru list.Changes depend on [CONFIG_]UNEVICTABLE_LRU.
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: revert shm change]
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Kosaki Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Christoph Lameter pointed out that ram disk pages also clutter the LRU
lists. When vmscan finds them dirty and tries to clean them, the ram disk
writeback function just redirties the page so that it goes back onto the
active list. Round and round she goes...With the ram disk driver [rd.c] replaced by the newer 'brd.c', this is no
longer the case, as ram disk pages are no longer maintained on the lru.
[This makes them unmigratable for defrag or memory hot remove, but that
can be addressed by a separate patch series.] However, the ramfs pages
behave like ram disk pages used to, so:Define new address_space flag [shares address_space flags member with
mapping's gfp mask] to indicate that the address space contains all
unevictable pages. This will provide for efficient testing of ramfs pages
in page_evictable().Also provide wrapper functions to set/test the unevictable state to
minimize #ifdefs in ramfs driver and any other users of this facility.Set the unevictable state on address_space structures for new ramfs
inodes. Test the unevictable state in page_evictable() to cull
unevictable pages.These changes depend on [CONFIG_]UNEVICTABLE_LRU.
[riel@redhat.com: undo the brd.c part]
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Debugged-by: Nick Piggin
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Report unevictable pages per zone and system wide.
Kosaki Motohiro added support for memory controller unevictable
statistics.[riel@redhat.com: fix printk in show_free_areas()]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix units in /proc/vmstats]
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Debugged-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Fix to unevictable-lru-page-statistics.patch
Add unevictable lru infrastructure vm events to the statistics patch.
Rename the "NORECL_" and "noreclaim_" symbols and text strings to
"UNEVICTABLE_" and "unevictable_", respectively.Currently, both the infrastructure and the mlocked pages event are
added by a single patch later in the series. This makes it difficult
to add or rework the incremental patches. The events actually "belong"
with the stats, so pull them up to here.Also, restore the event counting to putback_lru_page(). This was removed
from previous patch in series where it was "misplaced". The actual events
weren't defined that early.Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Cc: Rik van Riel
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
When the system contains lots of mlocked or otherwise unevictable pages,
the pageout code (kswapd) can spend lots of time scanning over these
pages. Worse still, the presence of lots of unevictable pages can confuse
kswapd into thinking that more aggressive pageout modes are required,
resulting in all kinds of bad behaviour.Infrastructure to manage pages excluded from reclaim--i.e., hidden from
vmscan. Based on a patch by Larry Woodman of Red Hat. Reworked to
maintain "unevictable" pages on a separate per-zone LRU list, to "hide"
them from vmscan.Kosaki Motohiro added the support for the memory controller unevictable
lru list.Pages on the unevictable list have both PG_unevictable and PG_lru set.
Thus, PG_unevictable is analogous to and mutually exclusive with
PG_active--it specifies which LRU list the page is on.The unevictable infrastructure is enabled by a new mm Kconfig option
[CONFIG_]UNEVICTABLE_LRU.A new function 'page_evictable(page, vma)' in vmscan.c tests whether or
not a page may be evictable. Subsequent patches will add the various
!evictable tests. We'll want to keep these tests light-weight for use in
shrink_active_list() and, possibly, the fault path.To avoid races between tasks putting pages [back] onto an LRU list and
tasks that might be moving the page from non-evictable to evictable state,
the new function 'putback_lru_page()' -- inverse to 'isolate_lru_page()'
-- tests the "evictability" of a page after placing it on the LRU, before
dropping the reference. If the page has become unevictable,
putback_lru_page() will redo the 'putback', thus moving the page to the
unevictable list. This way, we avoid "stranding" evictable pages on the
unevictable list.[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix fallout from out-of-order merge]
[riel@redhat.com: fix UNEVICTABLE_LRU and !PROC_PAGE_MONITOR build]
[nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp: remove redundant mapping check]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: unevictable-lru-infrastructure: putback_lru_page()/unevictable page handling rework]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: kill unnecessary lock_page() in vmscan.c]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: revert migration change of unevictable lru infrastructure]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: revert to unevictable-lru-infrastructure-kconfig-fix.patch]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: restore patch failure of vmstat-unevictable-and-mlocked-pages-vm-events.patch]
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Debugged-by: Benjamin Kidwell
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
During an AIM7 run on a 16GB system, fork started failing around 32000
threads, despite the system having plenty of free swap and 15GB of
pageable memory. This was on x86-64, so 8k stacks.If a higher order allocation fails, we can either:
- keep evicting pages off the end of the LRUs and hope that
we eventually create a contiguous region; this is somewhat
unlikely if the system is under enough stress by new
allocations
- after trying normal eviction for a bit, use lumpy reclaimThis patch switches the system to lumpy reclaim if the VM is having
trouble freeing enough pages, using the same threshold for detection as
used by pageout congestion wait.Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Swapin_readahead can read in a lot of data that the processes in memory
never need. Adding swap cache pages to the inactive list prevents them
from putting too much pressure on the working set.This has the potential to help the programs that are already in memory,
but it could also be a disadvantage to processes that are trying to get
swapped in.Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Moving referenced pages back to the head of the active list creates a huge
scalability problem, because by the time a large memory system finally
runs out of free memory, every single page in the system will have been
referenced.Not only do we not have the time to scan every single page on the active
list, but since they have will all have the referenced bit set, that bit
conveys no useful information.A more scalable solution is to just move every page that hits the end of
the active list to the inactive list.We clear the referenced bit off of mapped pages, which need just one
reference to be moved back onto the active list.Unmapped pages will be moved back to the active list after two references
(see mark_page_accessed). We preserve the PG_referenced flag on unmapped
pages to preserve accesses that were made while the page was on the active
list.Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
We avoid evicting and scanning anonymous pages for the most part, but
under some workloads we can end up with most of memory filled with
anonymous pages. At that point, we suddenly need to clear the referenced
bits on all of memory, which can take ages on very large memory systems.We can reduce the maximum number of pages that need to be scanned by not
taking the referenced state into account when deactivating an anonymous
page. After all, every anonymous page starts out referenced, so why
check?If an anonymous page gets referenced again before it reaches the end of
the inactive list, we move it back to the active list.To keep the maximum amount of necessary work reasonable, we scale the
active to inactive ratio with the size of memory, using the formula
active:inactive ratio = sqrt(memory in GB * 10).Kswapd CPU use now seems to scale by the amount of pageout bandwidth,
instead of by the amount of memory present in the system.[kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: fix OOM with memcg]
[kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: memcg: lru scan fix]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Split the LRU lists in two, one set for pages that are backed by real file
systems ("file") and one for pages that are backed by memory and swap
("anon"). The latter includes tmpfs.The advantage of doing this is that the VM will not have to scan over lots
of anonymous pages (which we generally do not want to swap out), just to
find the page cache pages that it should evict.This patch has the infrastructure and a basic policy to balance how much
we scan the anon lists and how much we scan the file lists. The big
policy changes are in separate patches.[lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: collect lru meminfo statistics from correct offset]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: prevent incorrect oom under split_lru]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix pagevec_move_tail() doesn't treat unevictable page]
[hugh@veritas.com: memcg swapbacked pages active]
[hugh@veritas.com: splitlru: BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix /proc/vmstat units]
[nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp: memcg: fix handling of shmem migration]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: adjust Quicklists field of /proc/meminfo]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix style issue of get_scan_ratio()]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Define page_file_cache() function to answer the question:
is page backed by a file?Originally part of Rik van Riel's split-lru patch. Extracted to make
available for other, independent reclaim patches.Moved inline function to linux/mm_inline.h where it will be needed by
subsequent "split LRU" and "noreclaim" patches.Unfortunately this needs to use a page flag, since the PG_swapbacked state
needs to be preserved all the way to the point where the page is last
removed from the LRU. Trying to derive the status from other info in the
page resulted in wrong VM statistics in earlier split VM patchsets.The total number of page flags in use on a 32 bit machine after this patch
is 19.[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up out-of-order merge fallout]
[hugh@veritas.com: splitlru: shmem_getpage SetPageSwapBacked sooner[
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: MinChan Kim
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
If vm_swap_full() (swap space more than 50% full), the system will free
swap space at swapin time. With this patch, the system will also free the
swap space in the pageout code, when we decide that the page is not a
candidate for swapout (and just wasting swap space).Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: MinChan Kim
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Turn the pagevecs into an array just like the LRUs. This significantly
cleans up the source code and reduces the size of the kernel by about 13kB
after all the LRU lists have been created further down in the split VM
patch series.Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
Currently we are defining explicit variables for the inactive and active
list. An indexed array can be more generic and avoid repeating similar
code in several places in the reclaim code.We are saving a few bytes in terms of code size:
Before:
text data bss dec hex filename
4097753 573120 4092484 8763357 85b7dd vmlinuxAfter:
text data bss dec hex filename
4097729 573120 4092484 8763333 85b7c5 vmlinuxHaving an easy way to add new lru lists may ease future work on the
reclaim code.Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
On large memory systems, the VM can spend way too much time scanning
through pages that it cannot (or should not) evict from memory. Not only
does it use up CPU time, but it also provokes lock contention and can
leave large systems under memory presure in a catatonic state.This patch series improves VM scalability by:
1) putting filesystem backed, swap backed and unevictable pages
onto their own LRUs, so the system only scans the pages that it
can/should evict from memory2) switching to two handed clock replacement for the anonymous LRUs,
so the number of pages that need to be scanned when the system
starts swapping is bound to a reasonable number3) keeping unevictable pages off the LRU completely, so the
VM does not waste CPU time scanning them. ramfs, ramdisk,
SHM_LOCKED shared memory segments and mlock()ed VMA pages
are keept on the unevictable list.This patch:
isolate_lru_page logically belongs to be in vmscan.c than migrate.c.
It is tough, because we don't need that function without memory migration
so there is a valid argument to have it in migrate.c. However a
subsequent patch needs to make use of it in the core mm, so we can happily
move it to vmscan.c.Also, make the function a little more generic by not requiring that it
adds an isolated page to a given list. Callers can do that.Note that we now have '__isolate_lru_page()', that does
something quite different, visible outside of vmscan.c
for use with memory controller. Methinks we need to
rationalize these names/purposes. --lts[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/memory_hotplug.c build]
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
There is nothing architecture specific about remove_memory().
remove_memory() function is common for all architectures which support
hotplug memory remove. Instead of duplicating it in every architecture,
collapse them into arch neutral function.[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix the export]
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty
Cc: Yasunori Goto
Cc: Gary Hade
Cc: Mel Gorman
Cc: Yasunori Goto
Cc: "Luck, Tony"
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt
Cc: Paul Mackerras
Cc: Heiko Carstens
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds -
The anon_vma code is very subtle, and we end up doing optimistic lookups
of anon_vmas under RCU in page_lock_anon_vma() with no locking. Other
CPU's can also see the newly allocated entry immediately after we've
exposed it by setting "vma->anon_vma" to the new value.We protect against the anon_vma being destroyed by having the SLAB
marked as SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU, so the RCU lookup can depend on the
allocation not being destroyed - but it might still be free'd and
re-allocated here to a new vma.As a result, we should not do the anon_vma list ops on a newly allocated
vma without proper locking.Acked-by: Nick Piggin
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
