07 Jan, 2012
3 commits
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If there are any inodes on the super block that have been unlinked
(i_nlink == 0) but have not yet been deleted then prevent the
remounting the super block read-only.Reported-by: Toshiyuki Okajima
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi
Tested-by: Toshiyuki Okajima
Signed-off-by: Al Viro -
Currently remouting superblock read-only is racy in a major way.
With the per mount read-only infrastructure it is now possible to
prevent most races, which this patch attempts.Before starting the remount read-only, iterate through all mounts
belonging to the superblock and if none of them have any pending
writes, set sb->s_readonly_remount. This indicates that remount is in
progress and no further write requests are allowed. If the remount
succeeds set MS_RDONLY and reset s_readonly_remount.If the remounting is unsuccessful just reset s_readonly_remount.
This can result in transient EROFS errors, despite the fact the
remount failed. Unfortunately hodling off writes is difficult as
remount itself may touch the filesystem (e.g. through load_nls())
which would deadlock.A later patch deals with delayed writes due to nlink going to zero.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi
Tested-by: Toshiyuki Okajima
Signed-off-by: Al Viro -
Keep track of vfsmounts belonging to a superblock. List is protected
by vfsmount_lock.Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi
Tested-by: Toshiyuki Okajima
Signed-off-by: Al Viro
04 Jan, 2012
3 commits
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unfortunately, just checking MS_BORN after having grabbed ->s_umount in
sget() is not enough; places that pick superblock from a list and
grab s_umount shared need the same check in addition to checking for
->s_root; otherwise three-way race between failing mount, sget() and
such list-walker can leave us with list-walker coming *second*, when
temporary active ref grabbed by sget() (to be dropped when sget()
notices that original mount has failed by checking MS_BORN) has
lead to deactivate_locked_super() from failing ->mount() *not* doing
->kill_sb() and just releasing ->s_umount. Once sget() gets through
and notices that MS_BORN had never been set it will drop the active
ref and fs will be shut down and kicked out of all lists, but it's
too late for something like sync_supers().Signed-off-by: Al Viro
-
Signed-off-by: Al Viro
-
some stuff in there can actually become static; some belongs to pnode.h
as it's a private interface between namespace.c and pnode.c...Signed-off-by: Al Viro
02 Nov, 2011
1 commit
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On emergency remount we want to force MS_RDONLY on the super block
even if ->remount_fs() failed for some reason.Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi
Tested-by: Toshiyuki Okajima
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig
01 Nov, 2011
1 commit
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The callback must not return -1 when nr_to_scan is zero. Fix the bug in
fs/super.c and add this requirement to the callback specification.Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka
Cc: Dave Chinner
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
26 Jul, 2011
1 commit
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* 'for-3.1/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (24 commits)
block: strict rq_affinity
backing-dev: use synchronize_rcu_expedited instead of synchronize_rcu
block: fix patch import error in max_discard_sectors check
block: reorder request_queue to remove 64 bit alignment padding
CFQ: add think time check for group
CFQ: add think time check for service tree
CFQ: move think time check variables to a separate struct
fixlet: Remove fs_excl from struct task.
cfq: Remove special treatment for metadata rqs.
block: document blk_plug list access
block: avoid building too big plug list
compat_ioctl: fix make headers_check regression
block: eliminate potential for infinite loop in blkdev_issue_discard
compat_ioctl: fix warning caused by qemu
block: flush MEDIA_CHANGE from drivers on close(2)
blk-throttle: Make total_nr_queued unsigned
block: Add __attribute__((format(printf...) and fix fallout
fs/partitions/check.c: make local symbols static
block:remove some spare spaces in genhd.c
block:fix the comment error in blkdev.h
...
21 Jul, 2011
3 commits
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Now that the per-sb shrinker is responsible for shrinking 2 or more
caches, increase the batch size to keep econmies of scale for
shrinking each cache. Increase the shrinker batch size to 1024
objects.To allow for a large increase in batch size, add a conditional
reschedule to prune_icache_sb() so that we don't hold the LRU spin
lock for too long. This mirrors the behaviour of the
__shrink_dcache_sb(), and allows us to increase the batch size
without needing to worry about problems caused by long lock hold
times.To ensure that filesystems using the per-sb shrinker callouts don't
cause problems, document that the object freeing method must
reschedule appropriately inside loops.Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner
Signed-off-by: Al Viro -
Now we have a per-superblock shrinker implementation, we can add a
filesystem specific callout to it to allow filesystem internal
caches to be shrunk by the superblock shrinker.Rather than perpetuate the multipurpose shrinker callback API (i.e.
nr_to_scan == 0 meaning "tell me how many objects freeable in the
cache), two operations will be added. The first will return the
number of objects that are freeable, the second is the actual
shrinker call.Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner
Signed-off-by: Al Viro -
With context based shrinkers, we can implement a per-superblock
shrinker that shrinks the caches attached to the superblock. We
currently have global shrinkers for the inode and dentry caches that
split up into per-superblock operations via a coarse proportioning
method that does not batch very well. The global shrinkers also
have a dependency - dentries pin inodes - so we have to be very
careful about how we register the global shrinkers so that the
implicit call order is always correct.With a per-sb shrinker callout, we can encode this dependency
directly into the per-sb shrinker, hence avoiding the need for
strictly ordering shrinker registrations. We also have no need for
any proportioning code for the shrinker subsystem already provides
this functionality across all shrinkers. Allowing the shrinker to
operate on a single superblock at a time means that we do less
superblock list traversals and locking and reclaim should batch more
effectively. This should result in less CPU overhead for reclaim and
potentially faster reclaim of items from each filesystem.Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner
Signed-off-by: Al Viro
20 Jul, 2011
5 commits
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The per-sb shrinker has the same requirement as the writeback
threads of ensuring that the superblock is usable and pinned for the
time it takes to run the work. Both need to take a passive reference
to the sb, take a read lock on the s_umount lock and then only
continue if an unmount is not in progress.pin_sb_for_writeback() does this exactly, so move it to fs/super.c
and rename it to grab_super_passive() and exporting it via
fs/internal.h for all the VFS code to be able to use.Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner
Signed-off-by: Al Viro -
With the inode LRUs moving to per-sb structures, there is no longer
a need for a global inode_lru_lock. The locking can be made more
fine-grained by moving to a per-sb LRU lock, isolating the LRU
operations of different filesytsems completely from each other.Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner
Signed-off-by: Al Viro -
The inode unused list is currently a global LRU. This does not match
the other global filesystem cache - the dentry cache - which uses
per-superblock LRU lists. Hence we have related filesystem object
types using different LRU reclaimation schemes.To enable a per-superblock filesystem cache shrinker, both of these
caches need to have per-sb unused object LRU lists. Hence this patch
converts the global inode LRU to per-sb LRUs.The patch only does rudimentary per-sb propotioning in the shrinker
infrastructure, as this gets removed when the per-sb shrinker
callouts are introduced later on.Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner
Signed-off-by: Al Viro -
Signed-off-by: Al Viro
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Call the given function for all superblocks of given type. Function
gets a superblock (with s_umount locked shared) and (void *) argument
supplied by caller of iterator.Signed-off-by: Al Viro
12 Jul, 2011
1 commit
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fs_excl is a poor man's priority inheritance for filesystems to hint to
the block layer that an operation is important. It was never clearly
specified, not widely adopted, and will not prevent starvation in many
cases (like across cgroups).fs_excl was introduced with the time sliced CFQ IO scheduler, to
indicate when a process held FS exclusive resources and thus needed
a boost.It doesn't cover all file systems, and it was never fully complete.
Lets kill it.Signed-off-by: Justin TerAvest
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe
04 Jun, 2011
1 commit
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Caching "we have already removed suid/caps" was overenthusiastic as merged.
On network filesystems we might have had suid/caps set on another client,
silently picked by this client on revalidate, all of that *without* clearing
the S_NOSEC flag.AFAICS, the only reasonably sane way to deal with that is
* new superblock flag; unless set, S_NOSEC is not going to be set.
* local block filesystems set it in their ->mount() (more accurately,
mount_bdev() does, so does btrfs ->mount(), users of mount_bdev() other than
local block ones clear it)
* if any network filesystem (or a cluster one) wants to use S_NOSEC,
it'll need to set MS_NOSEC in sb->s_flags *AND* take care to clear S_NOSEC when
inode attribute changes are picked from other clients.It's not an earth-shattering hole (anybody that can set suid on another client
will almost certainly be able to write to the file before doing that anyway),
but it's a bug that needs fixing.Signed-off-by: Al Viro
27 May, 2011
2 commits
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* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djm/tmem:
xen: cleancache shim to Xen Transcendent Memory
ocfs2: add cleancache support
ext4: add cleancache support
btrfs: add cleancache support
ext3: add cleancache support
mm/fs: add hooks to support cleancache
mm: cleancache core ops functions and config
fs: add field to superblock to support cleancache
mm/fs: cleancache documentationFix up trivial conflict in fs/btrfs/extent_io.c due to includes
-
This fourth patch of eight in this cleancache series provides the
core hooks in VFS for: initializing cleancache per filesystem;
capturing clean pages reclaimed by page cache; attempting to get
pages from cleancache before filesystem read; and ensuring coherency
between pagecache, disk, and cleancache. Note that the placement
of these hooks was stable from 2.6.18 to 2.6.38; a minor semantic
change was required due to a patchset in 2.6.39.All hooks become no-ops if CONFIG_CLEANCACHE is unset, or become
a check of a boolean global if CONFIG_CLEANCACHE is set but no
cleancache "backend" has claimed cleancache_ops.Details and a FAQ can be found in Documentation/vm/cleancache.txt
[v8: minchan.kim@gmail.com: adapt to new remove_from_page_cache function]
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason
Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer
Reviewed-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk
Cc: Andrew Morton
Cc: Al Viro
Cc: Matthew Wilcox
Cc: Nick Piggin
Cc: Mel Gorman
Cc: Rik Van Riel
Cc: Jan Beulich
Cc: Andreas Dilger
Cc: Ted Ts'o
Cc: Mark Fasheh
Cc: Joel Becker
Cc: Nitin Gupta
19 May, 2011
1 commit
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I originally intended to remove this warning in 2.6.34, but it's not in
a high performance codepath and might help us to catch bugs later. Let's
keep it, but fix the comment to allay confusion about its removal.Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton
Signed-off-by: Steve French
25 Mar, 2011
1 commit
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* 'for-2.6.39/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (65 commits)
Documentation/iostats.txt: bit-size reference etc.
cfq-iosched: removing unnecessary think time checking
cfq-iosched: Don't clear queue stats when preempt.
blk-throttle: Reset group slice when limits are changed
blk-cgroup: Only give unaccounted_time under debug
cfq-iosched: Don't set active queue in preempt
block: fix non-atomic access to genhd inflight structures
block: attempt to merge with existing requests on plug flush
block: NULL dereference on error path in __blkdev_get()
cfq-iosched: Don't update group weights when on service tree
fs: assign sb->s_bdi to default_backing_dev_info if the bdi is going away
block: Require subsystems to explicitly allocate bio_set integrity mempool
jbd2: finish conversion from WRITE_SYNC_PLUG to WRITE_SYNC and explicit plugging
jbd: finish conversion from WRITE_SYNC_PLUG to WRITE_SYNC and explicit plugging
fs: make fsync_buffers_list() plug
mm: make generic_writepages() use plugging
blk-cgroup: Add unaccounted time to timeslice_used.
block: fixup plugging stubs for !CONFIG_BLOCK
block: remove obsolete comments for blkdev_issue_zeroout.
blktrace: Use rq->cmd_flags directly in blk_add_trace_rq.
...Fix up conflicts in fs/{aio.c,super.c}
18 Mar, 2011
1 commit
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new function: mount_fs(). Does all work done by vfs_kern_mount()
except the allocation and filling of vfsmount; returns root dentry
or ERR_PTR().vfs_kern_mount() switched to using it and taken to fs/namespace.c,
along with its wrappers.alloc_vfsmnt()/free_vfsmnt() made static.
functions in namespace.c slightly reordered.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro
17 Mar, 2011
2 commits
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We don't have proper reference counting for this yet, so we run into
cases where the device is pulled and we OOPS on flushing the fs data.
This happens even though the dirty inodes have already been
migrated to the default_backing_dev_info.Reported-by: Torsten Hilbrich
Tested-by: Torsten Hilbrich
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe -
This is an ex-parrot.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro
12 Feb, 2011
1 commit
-
In commit fa0d7e3de6d6 ("fs: icache RCU free inodes"), we use rcu free
inode instead of freeing the inode directly. It causes a crash when we
rmmod immediately after we umount the volume[1].So we need to call rcu_barrier after we kill_sb so that the inode is
freed before we do rmmod. The idea is inspired by Aneesh Kumar.
rcu_barrier will wait for all callbacks to end before preceding. The
original patch was done by Tao Ma, but synchronize_rcu() is not enough
here.1. http://marc.info/?l=linux-fsdevel&m=129680863330185&w=2
Tested-by: Tao Ma
Signed-off-by: Boaz Harrosh
Cc: Nick Piggin
Cc: Al Viro
Cc: Chris Mason
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds
17 Jan, 2011
1 commit
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Instead of splitting refcount between (per-cpu) mnt_count
and (SMP-only) mnt_longrefs, make all references contribute
to mnt_count again and keep track of how many are longterm
ones.Accounting rules for longterm count:
* 1 for each fs_struct.root.mnt
* 1 for each fs_struct.pwd.mnt
* 1 for having non-NULL ->mnt_ns
* decrement to 0 happens only under vfsmount lock exclusiveThat allows nice common case for mntput() - since we can't drop the
final reference until after mnt_longterm has reached 0 due to the rules
above, mntput() can grab vfsmount lock shared and check mnt_longterm.
If it turns out to be non-zero (which is the common case), we know
that this is not the final mntput() and can just blindly decrement
percpu mnt_count. Otherwise we grab vfsmount lock exclusive and
do usual decrement-and-check of percpu mnt_count.For fs_struct.c we have mnt_make_longterm() and mnt_make_shortterm();
namespace.c uses the latter in places where we don't already hold
vfsmount lock exclusive and opencodes a few remaining spots where
we need to manipulate mnt_longterm.Note that we mostly revert the code outside of fs/namespace.c back
to what we used to have; in particular, normal code doesn't need
to care about two kinds of references, etc. And we get to keep
the optimization Nick's variant had bought us...Signed-off-by: Al Viro
14 Jan, 2011
1 commit
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* 'for-2.6.38/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (43 commits)
block: ensure that completion error gets properly traced
blktrace: add missing probe argument to block_bio_complete
block cfq: don't use atomic_t for cfq_group
block cfq: don't use atomic_t for cfq_queue
block: trace event block fix unassigned field
block: add internal hd part table references
block: fix accounting bug on cross partition merges
kref: add kref_test_and_get
bio-integrity: mark kintegrityd_wq highpri and CPU intensive
block: make kblockd_workqueue smarter
Revert "sd: implement sd_check_events()"
block: Clean up exit_io_context() source code.
Fix compile warnings due to missing removal of a 'ret' variable
fs/block: type signature of major_to_index(int) to major_to_index(unsigned)
block: convert !IS_ERR(p) && p to !IS_ERR_NOR_NULL(p)
cfq-iosched: don't check cfqg in choose_service_tree()
fs/splice: Pull buf->ops->confirm() from splice_from_pipe actors
cdrom: export cdrom_check_events()
sd: implement sd_check_events()
sr: implement sr_check_events()
...
07 Jan, 2011
2 commits
-
The problem that this patch aims to fix is vfsmount refcounting scalability.
We need to take a reference on the vfsmount for every successful path lookup,
which often go to the same mount point.The fundamental difficulty is that a "simple" reference count can never be made
scalable, because any time a reference is dropped, we must check whether that
was the last reference. To do that requires communication with all other CPUs
that may have taken a reference count.We can make refcounts more scalable in a couple of ways, involving keeping
distributed counters, and checking for the global-zero condition less
frequently.- check the global sum once every interval (this will delay zero detection
for some interval, so it's probably a showstopper for vfsmounts).- keep a local count and only taking the global sum when local reaches 0 (this
is difficult for vfsmounts, because we can't hold preempt off for the life of
a reference, so a counter would need to be per-thread or tied strongly to a
particular CPU which requires more locking).- keep a local difference of increments and decrements, which allows us to sum
the total difference and hence find the refcount when summing all CPUs. Then,
keep a single integer "long" refcount for slow and long lasting references,
and only take the global sum of local counters when the long refcount is 0.This last scheme is what I implemented here. Attached mounts and process root
and working directory references are "long" references, and everything else is
a short reference.This allows scalable vfsmount references during path walking over mounted
subtrees and unattached (lazy umounted) mounts with processes still running
in them.This results in one fewer atomic op in the fastpath: mntget is now just a
per-CPU inc, rather than an atomic inc; and mntput just requires a spinlock
and non-atomic decrement in the common case. However code is otherwise bigger
and heavier, so single threaded performance is basically a wash.Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin
-
We can turn the dcache hash locking from a global dcache_hash_lock into
per-bucket locking.Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin
13 Nov, 2010
2 commits
-
After recent blkdev_get() modifications, open_by_devnum() and
open_bdev_exclusive() are simple wrappers around blkdev_get().
Replace them with blkdev_get_by_dev() and blkdev_get_by_path().blkdev_get_by_dev() is identical to open_by_devnum().
blkdev_get_by_path() is slightly different in that it doesn't
automatically add %FMODE_EXCL to @mode.All users are converted. Most conversions are mechanical and don't
introduce any behavior difference. There are several exceptions.* btrfs now sets FMODE_EXCL in btrfs_device->mode, so there's no
reason to OR it explicitly on blkdev_put().* gfs2, nilfs2 and the generic mount_bdev() now set FMODE_EXCL in
sb->s_mode.* With the above changes, sb->s_mode now always should contain
FMODE_EXCL. WARN_ON_ONCE() added to kill_block_super() to detect
errors.The new blkdev_get_*() functions are with proper docbook comments.
While at it, add function description to blkdev_get() too.Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo
Cc: Philipp Reisner
Cc: Neil Brown
Cc: Mike Snitzer
Cc: Joern Engel
Cc: Chris Mason
Cc: Jan Kara
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o"
Cc: KONISHI Ryusuke
Cc: reiserfs-devel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: xfs-masters@oss.sgi.com
Cc: Alexander Viro -
Over time, block layer has accumulated a set of APIs dealing with bdev
open, close, claim and release.* blkdev_get/put() are the primary open and close functions.
* bd_claim/release() deal with exclusive open.
* open/close_bdev_exclusive() are combination of open and claim and
the other way around, respectively.* bd_link/unlink_disk_holder() to create and remove holder/slave
symlinks.* open_by_devnum() wraps bdget() + blkdev_get().
The interface is a bit confusing and the decoupling of open and claim
makes it impossible to properly guarantee exclusive access as
in-kernel open + claim sequence can disturb the existing exclusive
open even before the block layer knows the current open if for another
exclusive access. Reorganize the interface such that,* blkdev_get() is extended to include exclusive access management.
@holder argument is added and, if is @FMODE_EXCL specified, it will
gain exclusive access atomically w.r.t. other exclusive accesses.* blkdev_put() is similarly extended. It now takes @mode argument and
if @FMODE_EXCL is set, it releases an exclusive access. Also, when
the last exclusive claim is released, the holder/slave symlinks are
removed automatically.* bd_claim/release() and close_bdev_exclusive() are no longer
necessary and either made static or removed.* bd_link_disk_holder() remains the same but bd_unlink_disk_holder()
is no longer necessary and removed.* open_bdev_exclusive() becomes a simple wrapper around lookup_bdev()
and blkdev_get(). It also has an unexpected extra bdev_read_only()
test which probably should be moved into blkdev_get().* open_by_devnum() is modified to take @holder argument and pass it to
blkdev_get().Most of bdev open/close operations are unified into blkdev_get/put()
and most exclusive accesses are tested atomically at the open time (as
it should). This cleans up code and removes some, both valid and
invalid, but unnecessary all the same, corner cases.open_bdev_exclusive() and open_by_devnum() can use further cleanup -
rename to blkdev_get_by_path() and blkdev_get_by_devt() and drop
special features. Well, let's leave them for another day.Most conversions are straight-forward. drbd conversion is a bit more
involved as there was some reordering, but the logic should stay the
same.Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo
Acked-by: Neil Brown
Acked-by: Ryusuke Konishi
Acked-by: Mike Snitzer
Acked-by: Philipp Reisner
Cc: Peter Osterlund
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky
Cc: Heiko Carstens
Cc: Jan Kara
Cc: Andrew Morton
Cc: Andreas Dilger
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o"
Cc: Mark Fasheh
Cc: Joel Becker
Cc: Alex Elder
Cc: Christoph Hellwig
Cc: dm-devel@redhat.com
Cc: drbd-dev@lists.linbit.com
Cc: Leo Chen
Cc: Scott Branden
Cc: Chris Mason
Cc: Steven Whitehouse
Cc: Dave Kleikamp
Cc: Joern Engel
Cc: reiserfs-devel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Alexander Viro
29 Oct, 2010
5 commits
-
Signed-off-by: Al Viro
-
Signed-off-by: Al Viro
-
Signed-off-by: Al Viro
-
... and switch of the obvious get_sb_bdev() users to ->mount()
Signed-off-by: Al Viro
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eventual replacement for ->get_sb() - does *not* get vfsmount,
return ERR_PTR(error) or root of subtree to be mounted.Signed-off-by: Al Viro
26 Oct, 2010
1 commit
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Pull removal of fsnotify marks into generic_shutdown_super().
Split umount-time work into a new function - evict_inodes().
Make sure that invalidate_inodes() will be able to cope with
I_FREEING once we change locking in iput().Signed-off-by: Al Viro
18 Aug, 2010
1 commit
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fs: scale files_lock
Improve scalability of files_lock by adding per-cpu, per-sb files lists,
protected with an lglock. The lglock provides fast access to the per-cpu lists
to add and remove files. It also provides a snapshot of all the per-cpu lists
(although this is very slow).One difficulty with this approach is that a file can be removed from the list
by another CPU. We must track which per-cpu list the file is on with a new
variale in the file struct (packed into a hole on 64-bit archs). Scalability
could suffer if files are frequently removed from different cpu's list.However loads with frequent removal of files imply short interval between
adding and removing the files, and the scheduler attempts to avoid moving
processes too far away. Also, even in the case of cross-CPU removal, the
hardware has much more opportunity to parallelise cacheline transfers with N
cachelines than with 1.A worst-case test of 1 CPU allocating files subsequently being freed by N CPUs
degenerates to contending on a single lock, which is no worse than before. When
more than one CPU are allocating files, even if they are always freed by
different CPUs, there will be more parallelism than the single-lock case.Testing results:
On a 2 socket, 8 core opteron, I measure the number of times the lock is taken
to remove the file, the number of times it is removed by the same CPU that
added it, and the number of times it is removed by the same node that added it.Booting: locks= 25049 cpu-hits= 23174 (92.5%) node-hits= 23945 (95.6%)
kbuild -j16 locks=2281913 cpu-hits=2208126 (96.8%) node-hits=2252674 (98.7%)
dbench 64 locks=4306582 cpu-hits=4287247 (99.6%) node-hits=4299527 (99.8%)So a file is removed from the same CPU it was added by over 90% of the time.
It remains within the same node 95% of the time.Tim Chen ran some numbers for a 64 thread Nehalem system performing a compile.
throughput
2.6.34-rc2 24.5
+patch 24.9us sys idle IO wait (in %)
2.6.34-rc2 51.25 28.25 17.25 3.25
+patch 53.75 18.5 19 8.75So significantly less CPU time spent in kernel code, higher idle time and
slightly higher throughput.Single threaded performance difference was within the noise of microbenchmarks.
That is not to say penalty does not exist, the code is larger and more memory
accesses required so it will be slightly slower.Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Tim Chen
Cc: Andi Kleen
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin
Signed-off-by: Al Viro