13 Mar, 2013

1 commit

  • asm/cmpxchg.h can be included on its own and needs to be self-consistent.
    The definitions for the cmpxchg*_local macros, as such, need to be part
    of this file.

    This fixes a build issue on OpenRISC since the system.h smashing patch
    96f951edb1f1bdbbc99b0cd458f9808bb83d58ae that introdued the direct inclusion
    asm/cmpxchg.h into linux/llist.h.

    CC: David Howells
    Signed-off-by: Jonas Bonn
    Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann

    Jonas Bonn
     

03 Apr, 2012

1 commit

  • Builds of the openrisc or1ksim_defconfig show the following:

    In file included from arch/openrisc/include/generated/asm/cmpxchg.h:1:0,
    from include/asm-generic/atomic.h:18,
    from arch/openrisc/include/generated/asm/atomic.h:1,
    from include/linux/atomic.h:4,
    from include/linux/dcache.h:4,
    from fs/notify/fsnotify.c:19:
    include/asm-generic/cmpxchg.h: In function '__xchg':
    include/asm-generic/cmpxchg.h:34:20: error: expected ')' before 'u8'
    include/asm-generic/cmpxchg.h:34:20: warning: type defaults to 'int' in type name

    and many more lines of similar errors. It seems specific to the or32
    because most other platforms have an arch specific component that would
    have already included types.h ahead of time, but the o32 does not.

    Cc: Arnd Bergmann
    Cc: Jonas Bonn
    Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker
    Acked-by: David Howells

    Paul Gortmaker
     

29 Mar, 2012

2 commits


08 Feb, 2008

1 commit

  • Emulates the cmpxchg_local by disabling interrupts around variable modification.
    This is not reentrant wrt NMIs and MCEs. It is only protected against normal
    interrupts, but this is enough for architectures without such interrupt sources
    or if used in a context where the data is not shared with such handlers.

    It can be used as a fallback for architectures lacking a real cmpxchg
    instruction.

    For architectures that have a real cmpxchg but does not have NMIs or MCE,
    testing which of the generic vs architecture specific cmpxchg is the fastest
    should be done.

    asm-generic/cmpxchg.h defines a cmpxchg that uses cmpxchg_local. It is meant to
    be used as a cmpxchg fallback for architectures that do not support SMP.

    * Patch series comments

    Using cmpxchg_local shows a performance improvements of the fast path goes from
    a 66% speedup on a Pentium 4 to a 14% speedup on AMD64.

    In detail:

    Tested-by: Mathieu Desnoyers
    Measurements on a Pentium4, 3GHz, Hyperthread.
    SLUB Performance testing
    ========================
    1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test

    * slub HEAD, test 1
    kmalloc(8) = 201 cycles kfree = 351 cycles
    kmalloc(16) = 198 cycles kfree = 359 cycles
    kmalloc(32) = 200 cycles kfree = 381 cycles
    kmalloc(64) = 224 cycles kfree = 394 cycles
    kmalloc(128) = 285 cycles kfree = 424 cycles
    kmalloc(256) = 411 cycles kfree = 546 cycles
    kmalloc(512) = 480 cycles kfree = 619 cycles
    kmalloc(1024) = 623 cycles kfree = 750 cycles
    kmalloc(2048) = 686 cycles kfree = 811 cycles
    kmalloc(4096) = 482 cycles kfree = 538 cycles
    kmalloc(8192) = 680 cycles kfree = 734 cycles
    kmalloc(16384) = 713 cycles kfree = 843 cycles

    * Slub HEAD, test 2
    kmalloc(8) = 190 cycles kfree = 351 cycles
    kmalloc(16) = 195 cycles kfree = 360 cycles
    kmalloc(32) = 201 cycles kfree = 370 cycles
    kmalloc(64) = 245 cycles kfree = 389 cycles
    kmalloc(128) = 283 cycles kfree = 413 cycles
    kmalloc(256) = 409 cycles kfree = 547 cycles
    kmalloc(512) = 476 cycles kfree = 616 cycles
    kmalloc(1024) = 628 cycles kfree = 753 cycles
    kmalloc(2048) = 684 cycles kfree = 811 cycles
    kmalloc(4096) = 480 cycles kfree = 539 cycles
    kmalloc(8192) = 661 cycles kfree = 746 cycles
    kmalloc(16384) = 741 cycles kfree = 856 cycles

    * cmpxchg_local Slub test
    kmalloc(8) = 83 cycles kfree = 363 cycles
    kmalloc(16) = 85 cycles kfree = 372 cycles
    kmalloc(32) = 92 cycles kfree = 377 cycles
    kmalloc(64) = 115 cycles kfree = 397 cycles
    kmalloc(128) = 179 cycles kfree = 438 cycles
    kmalloc(256) = 314 cycles kfree = 564 cycles
    kmalloc(512) = 398 cycles kfree = 615 cycles
    kmalloc(1024) = 573 cycles kfree = 745 cycles
    kmalloc(2048) = 629 cycles kfree = 816 cycles
    kmalloc(4096) = 473 cycles kfree = 548 cycles
    kmalloc(8192) = 659 cycles kfree = 745 cycles
    kmalloc(16384) = 724 cycles kfree = 843 cycles

    2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test

    * slub HEAD, test 1
    kmalloc(8)/kfree = 322 cycles
    kmalloc(16)/kfree = 318 cycles
    kmalloc(32)/kfree = 318 cycles
    kmalloc(64)/kfree = 325 cycles
    kmalloc(128)/kfree = 318 cycles
    kmalloc(256)/kfree = 328 cycles
    kmalloc(512)/kfree = 328 cycles
    kmalloc(1024)/kfree = 328 cycles
    kmalloc(2048)/kfree = 328 cycles
    kmalloc(4096)/kfree = 678 cycles
    kmalloc(8192)/kfree = 1013 cycles
    kmalloc(16384)/kfree = 1157 cycles

    * Slub HEAD, test 2
    kmalloc(8)/kfree = 323 cycles
    kmalloc(16)/kfree = 318 cycles
    kmalloc(32)/kfree = 318 cycles
    kmalloc(64)/kfree = 318 cycles
    kmalloc(128)/kfree = 318 cycles
    kmalloc(256)/kfree = 328 cycles
    kmalloc(512)/kfree = 328 cycles
    kmalloc(1024)/kfree = 328 cycles
    kmalloc(2048)/kfree = 328 cycles
    kmalloc(4096)/kfree = 648 cycles
    kmalloc(8192)/kfree = 1009 cycles
    kmalloc(16384)/kfree = 1105 cycles

    * cmpxchg_local Slub test
    kmalloc(8)/kfree = 112 cycles
    kmalloc(16)/kfree = 103 cycles
    kmalloc(32)/kfree = 103 cycles
    kmalloc(64)/kfree = 103 cycles
    kmalloc(128)/kfree = 112 cycles
    kmalloc(256)/kfree = 111 cycles
    kmalloc(512)/kfree = 111 cycles
    kmalloc(1024)/kfree = 111 cycles
    kmalloc(2048)/kfree = 121 cycles
    kmalloc(4096)/kfree = 650 cycles
    kmalloc(8192)/kfree = 1042 cycles
    kmalloc(16384)/kfree = 1149 cycles

    Tested-by: Mathieu Desnoyers
    Measurements on a AMD64 2.0 GHz dual-core

    In this test, we seem to remove 10 cycles from the kmalloc fast path.
    On small allocations, it gives a 14% performance increase. kfree fast
    path also seems to have a 10 cycles improvement.

    1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test

    * cmpxchg_local slub
    kmalloc(8) = 63 cycles kfree = 126 cycles
    kmalloc(16) = 66 cycles kfree = 129 cycles
    kmalloc(32) = 76 cycles kfree = 138 cycles
    kmalloc(64) = 100 cycles kfree = 288 cycles
    kmalloc(128) = 128 cycles kfree = 309 cycles
    kmalloc(256) = 170 cycles kfree = 315 cycles
    kmalloc(512) = 221 cycles kfree = 357 cycles
    kmalloc(1024) = 324 cycles kfree = 393 cycles
    kmalloc(2048) = 354 cycles kfree = 440 cycles
    kmalloc(4096) = 394 cycles kfree = 330 cycles
    kmalloc(8192) = 523 cycles kfree = 481 cycles
    kmalloc(16384) = 643 cycles kfree = 649 cycles

    * Base
    kmalloc(8) = 74 cycles kfree = 113 cycles
    kmalloc(16) = 76 cycles kfree = 116 cycles
    kmalloc(32) = 85 cycles kfree = 133 cycles
    kmalloc(64) = 111 cycles kfree = 279 cycles
    kmalloc(128) = 138 cycles kfree = 294 cycles
    kmalloc(256) = 181 cycles kfree = 304 cycles
    kmalloc(512) = 237 cycles kfree = 327 cycles
    kmalloc(1024) = 340 cycles kfree = 379 cycles
    kmalloc(2048) = 378 cycles kfree = 433 cycles
    kmalloc(4096) = 399 cycles kfree = 329 cycles
    kmalloc(8192) = 528 cycles kfree = 624 cycles
    kmalloc(16384) = 651 cycles kfree = 737 cycles

    2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test

    * cmpxchg_local slub
    kmalloc(8)/kfree = 96 cycles
    kmalloc(16)/kfree = 97 cycles
    kmalloc(32)/kfree = 97 cycles
    kmalloc(64)/kfree = 97 cycles
    kmalloc(128)/kfree = 97 cycles
    kmalloc(256)/kfree = 105 cycles
    kmalloc(512)/kfree = 108 cycles
    kmalloc(1024)/kfree = 105 cycles
    kmalloc(2048)/kfree = 107 cycles
    kmalloc(4096)/kfree = 390 cycles
    kmalloc(8192)/kfree = 626 cycles
    kmalloc(16384)/kfree = 662 cycles

    * Base
    kmalloc(8)/kfree = 116 cycles
    kmalloc(16)/kfree = 116 cycles
    kmalloc(32)/kfree = 116 cycles
    kmalloc(64)/kfree = 116 cycles
    kmalloc(128)/kfree = 116 cycles
    kmalloc(256)/kfree = 126 cycles
    kmalloc(512)/kfree = 126 cycles
    kmalloc(1024)/kfree = 126 cycles
    kmalloc(2048)/kfree = 126 cycles
    kmalloc(4096)/kfree = 384 cycles
    kmalloc(8192)/kfree = 749 cycles
    kmalloc(16384)/kfree = 786 cycles

    Tested-by: Christoph Lameter
    I can confirm Mathieus' measurement now:

    Athlon64:

    regular NUMA/discontig

    1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
    10000 times kmalloc(8) -> 79 cycles kfree -> 92 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(16) -> 79 cycles kfree -> 93 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(32) -> 88 cycles kfree -> 95 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(64) -> 124 cycles kfree -> 132 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(128) -> 157 cycles kfree -> 247 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(256) -> 200 cycles kfree -> 257 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(512) -> 250 cycles kfree -> 277 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 337 cycles kfree -> 314 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 365 cycles kfree -> 330 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 352 cycles kfree -> 240 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(8192) -> 456 cycles kfree -> 340 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(16384) -> 646 cycles kfree -> 471 cycles
    2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
    10000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 124 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 124 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 124 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 124 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 124 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 132 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 132 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 132 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 132 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 319 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(8192)/kfree -> 486 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(16384)/kfree -> 539 cycles

    cmpxchg_local NUMA/discontig

    1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
    10000 times kmalloc(8) -> 55 cycles kfree -> 90 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(16) -> 55 cycles kfree -> 92 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(32) -> 70 cycles kfree -> 91 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(64) -> 100 cycles kfree -> 141 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(128) -> 128 cycles kfree -> 233 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(256) -> 172 cycles kfree -> 251 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(512) -> 225 cycles kfree -> 275 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 325 cycles kfree -> 311 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 346 cycles kfree -> 330 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 351 cycles kfree -> 238 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(8192) -> 450 cycles kfree -> 342 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(16384) -> 630 cycles kfree -> 546 cycles
    2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
    10000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 81 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 81 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 81 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 81 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 81 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 91 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 90 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 91 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 90 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 318 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(8192)/kfree -> 483 cycles
    10000 times kmalloc(16384)/kfree -> 536 cycles

    Changelog:
    - Ran though checkpatch.

    Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers
    Cc:
    Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton
    Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

    Mathieu Desnoyers