Table of interleaving 2-4 controllers
  =====================================
    +--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
    |Configuration |                    Memory Controller                      |
    |              |       1              2              3             4       |
    |--------------+--------------+--------------+-----------------------------+
    | Two memory   | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed |                             |
    | complexes    +--------------+--------------+                             |
    |              |      2-way Intlv'ed         |                             |
    |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+              |
    |              | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed |              |
    | Three memory +--------------+--------------+--------------+              |
    | complexes    |         2-way Intlv'ed      | Not Intlv'ed |              |
    |              +-----------------------------+--------------+              |
    |              |                  3-way Intlv'ed            |              |
    +--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
    |              | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed |
    | Four memory  +--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
    | complexes    |       2-way Intlv'ed        |       2-way Intlv'ed        |
    |              +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
    |              |                      4-way Intlv'ed                       |
    +--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

  
  Table of 2-way interleaving modes supported in cpu/8xxx/ddr/

  ======================================================
    +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

    |		|		    Rank Interleaving			  |
    |		+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
    |Memory	|	 |	     |		 |    2x2     |    4x1	  |
    |Controller	|  None  | 2x1 lower | 2x1 upper | {CS0+CS1}, | {CS0+CS1+ |
    |Interleaving |	 | {CS0+CS1} | {CS2+CS3} | {CS2+CS3}  |  CS2+CS3} |

    +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+

    |None		|  Yes	 | Yes	     | Yes	 | Yes	      | Yes	  |

    +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+

    |Cacheline	|  Yes	 | Yes	     | No	 | No, Only(*)| Yes	  |
    |		|CS0 Only|	     |		 | {CS0+CS1}  |		  |

    +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+

    |Page		|  Yes	 | Yes	     | No	 | No, Only(*)| Yes	  |
    |		|CS0 Only|	     |		 | {CS0+CS1}  |		  |

    +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+

    |Bank		|  Yes	 | Yes	     | No	 | No, Only(*)| Yes	  |
    |		|CS0 Only|	     |		 | {CS0+CS1}  |		  |

    +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+

    |Superbank	|  No	 | Yes	     | No	 | No, Only(*)| Yes	  |
    |		|	 |	     |		 | {CS0+CS1}  |		  |

    +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
   (*) Although the hardware can be configured with memory controller
   interleaving using "2x2" rank interleaving, it only interleaves {CS0+CS1}
   from each controller. {CS2+CS3} on each controller are only rank
   interleaved on that controller.

   For memory controller interleaving, identical DIMMs are suggested. Software
   doesn't check the size or organization of interleaved DIMMs.

  The ways to configure the ddr interleaving mode
  ==============================================
  1. In board header file(e.g.MPC8572DS.h), add default interleaving setting
     under "CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS", like:
  	#define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS				\

  	 "hwconfig=fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=bank"			\

  	 ......
  
  2. Run u-boot "setenv" command to configure the memory interleaving mode.
     Either numerical or string value is accepted.
  
    # disable memory controller interleaving

    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=null"

  
    # cacheline interleaving

    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=cacheline"

  
    # page interleaving

    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=page"

  
    # bank interleaving

    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=bank"

  
    # superbank

    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=superbank"

    # 1KB 3-way interleaving
    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=3way_1KB"
  
    # 4KB 3-way interleaving
    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=3way_4KB"
  
    # 8KB 3-way interleaving
    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=3way_8KB"

    # disable bank (chip-select) interleaving

    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=null"

  
    # bank(chip-select) interleaving cs0+cs1

    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=cs0_cs1"

  
    # bank(chip-select) interleaving cs2+cs3

    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=cs2_cs3"

  
    # bank(chip-select) interleaving (cs0+cs1) and (cs2+cs3)  (2x2)

    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=cs0_cs1_and_cs2_cs3"

  
    # bank(chip-select) interleaving (cs0+cs1+cs2+cs3) (4x1)

    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=cs0_cs1_cs2_cs3"

    # bank(chip-select) interleaving (auto)
    setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=auto"
    This auto mode only select from cs0_cs1_cs2_cs3, cs0_cs1, null dependings
    on DIMMs.

  Memory controller address hashing
  ==================================
  If the DDR controller supports address hashing, it can be enabled by hwconfig.
  
  Syntax is:
  hwconfig=fsl_ddr:addr_hash=true

  Memory controller ECC on/off
  ============================
  If ECC is enabled in board configuratoin file, i.e. #define CONFIG_DDR_ECC,
  ECC can be turned on/off by hwconfig.
  
  Syntax is
  hwconfig=fsl_ddr:ecc=off

  
  Memory testing options for mpc85xx
  ==================================
  1. Memory test can be done once U-boot prompt comes up using mtest, or
  2. Memory test can be done with Power-On-Self-Test function, activated at
     compile time.
  
     In order to enable the POST memory test, CONFIG_POST needs to be
     defined in board configuraiton header file. By default, POST memory test
     performs a fast test. A slow test can be enabled by changing the flag at
     compiling time. To test memory bigger than 2GB, 36BIT support is needed.
     Memory is tested within a 2GB window. TLBs are used to map the virtual 2GB
     window to physical address so that all physical memory can be tested.

  Combination of hwconfig
  =======================
  Hwconfig can be combined with multiple parameters, for example, on a supported
  platform

  hwconfig=fsl_ddr:addr_hash=true,ctlr_intlv=cacheline,bank_intlv=cs0_cs1_cs2_cs3,ecc=on
  
  Table for dynamic ODT for DDR3
  ==============================
  For single-slot system with quad-rank DIMM and dual-slot system, dynamic ODT may
  be needed, depending on the configuration. The numbers in the following tables are
  in Ohms.
  
  * denotes dynamic ODT
  
  Two slots system
  +-----------------------+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

  |     Configuration	|	   |DRAM controller|	       Slot 1		 |	      Slot 2	       |

  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

  |	    |		|	   |	   |	   |	 Rank 1   |	Rank 2	 |   Rank 1	|    Rank 2    |
  +  Slot 1   |	Slot 2	|Write/Read| Write | Read  |-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |	    |		|	   |	   |	   | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read |

  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	    |		|  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 120   | off  | off   | off  | off	 | off	| 30	| 30   |

  | Dual Rank | Dual Rank |----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	    |		|  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    | off   | off  | 30	  | 30	 | 120	 | off	| off	| off  |

  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	    |		|  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 120   | off  | off   | off  | 20	 | 20	|	|      |

  | Dual Rank |Single Rank|----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	    |		|  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    | off   | off  | 20	  | 20	 | 120	*| off	|	|      |

  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	    |		|  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 120  *| off  |	  |	 | off	 | off	| 20	| 20   |

  |Single Rank| Dual Rank |----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	    |		|  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    | 20    | 20   |	  |	 | 120	 | off	| off	| off  |

  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	    |		|  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 120  *| off  |	  |	 | 30	 | 30	|	|      |

  |Single Rank|Single Rank|----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	    |		|  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    | 30    | 30   |	  |	 | 120	*| off	|	|      |

  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  | Dual Rank |	Empty	|  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 40    | off  | off   | off  |	 |	|	|      |

  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |   Empty   | Dual Rank |  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    |	   |	  |	  |	 | 40	 | off	| off	| off  |

  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |Single Rank|	Empty	|  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 40    | off  |	  |	 |	 |	|	|      |

  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |   Empty   |Single Rank|  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    |	   |	  |	  |	 | 40	 | off	|	|      |

  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  
  Single slot system
  +-------------+------------+---------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

  |	      |		   |DRAM controller|	 Rank 1   |    Rank 2	 |    Rank 3	|    Rank 4    |

  |Configuration| Write/Read |-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	      |		   | Write | Read  | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read |

  +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	      |   R1	   | off   | 75    | 120  *| off  | off   | off  | 20	 | 20	| off	| off  |
  |	      |------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |	      |   R2	   | off   | 75    | off   | 20   | 120   | off  | 20	 | 20	| off	| off  |

  |  Quad Rank  |------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	      |   R3	   | off   | 75    | 20    | 20   | off   | off  | 120	*| off	| off	| off  |
  |	      |------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |	      |   R4	   | off   | 75    | 20    | 20   | off   | off  | off	 | 20	| 120	| off  |

  +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	      |   R1	   | off   | 75    | 40    | off  | off   | off  |

  |  Dual Rank  |------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+

  |	      |   R2	   | off   | 75    | 40    | off  | off   | off  |

  +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+

  | Single Rank |   R1	   | off   | 75    | 40    | off  |

  +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+
  
  Reference http://www.xrosstalkmag.com/mag_issues/xrosstalk_oct08_final.pdf

  	  http://download.micron.com/pdf/technotes/ddr3/tn4108_ddr3_design_guide.pdf

  
  
  Table for ODT for DDR2
  ======================
  Two slots system
  +-----------------------+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
  |     Configuration     |          |DRAM controller|           Slot 1            |            Slot 2           |
  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
  |           |           |          |       |       |     Rank 1   |     Rank 2   |   Rank 1     |    Rank 2    |
  +  Slot 1   |   Slot 2  |Write/Read| Write | Read  |-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |           |           |          |       |       | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read |
  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 150   | off   | off  | off   | off  | 75    | 75   | off   | off  |
  | Dual Rank | Dual Rank |----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 150   | 75    | 75   | off   | off  | off   | off  | off   | off  |
  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 150   | off   | off  | off   | off  | 75    | 75   |       |      |
  | Dual Rank |Single Rank|----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 150   | 75    | 75   | off   | off  | off   | off  |       |      |
  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 150   | off   | off  |       |      | 75    | 75   | off   | off  |
  |Single Rank| Dual Rank |----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 150   | 75    | 75   |       |      | off   | off  | off   | off  |
  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 150   | off   | off  |       |      | 75    | 75   |       |      |
  |Single Rank|Single Rank|----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 150   | 75    | 75   |       |      | off   | off  |       |      |
  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  | Dual Rank |   Empty   |  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 150   | off  | off   | off  |       |      |       |      |
  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |   Empty   | Dual Rank |  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    |       |      |       |      | 150   | off  | off   | off  |
  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |Single Rank|   Empty   |  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 150   | off  |       |      |       |      |       |      |
  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |   Empty   |Single Rank|  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    |       |      |       |      | 150   | off  |       |      |
  +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
  
  Single slot system
  +-------------+------------+---------------+-----------------------------+
  |             |            |DRAM controller|     Rank 1   |    Rank 2    |
  |Configuration| Write/Read |-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |             |            | Write | Read  | Write | Read | Write | Read |
  +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |             |   R1       | off   | 75    | 150   | off  | off   | off  |
  |  Dual Rank  |------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+
  |             |   R2       | off   | 75    | 150   | off  | off   | off  |
  +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+
  | Single Rank |   R1       | off   | 75    | 150   | off  |
  +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+
  
  Reference http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/products/dram/downloads/applicationnote/ddr2_odt_control_200603.pdf

  
  Interactive DDR debugging
  ===========================

  For DDR parameter tuning up and debugging, the interactive DDR debugger can
  be activated by setting the environment variable "ddr_interactive" to any
  value.  (The value of ddr_interactive may have a meaning in the future, but,
  for now, the presence of the variable will cause the debugger to run.)  Once
  activated, U-boot will show the prompt "FSL DDR>" before enabling the DDR
  controller.  The available commands are printed by typing "help".
  
  Another way to enter the interactive DDR debugger without setting the
  environment variable is to send the 'd' character early during the boot
  process.  To save booting time, no additional delay is added, so the window
  to send the key press is very short -- basically, it is the time before the
  memory controller code starts to run.  For example, when rebooting from
  within u-boot, the user must press 'd' IMMEDIATELY after hitting enter to
  initiate a 'reset' command.  In case of power on/reset, the user can hold
  down the 'd' key while applying power or hitting the board's reset button.

  The example flow of using interactive debugging is
  type command "compute" to calculate the parameters from the default
  type command "print" with arguments to show SPD, options, registers
  type command "edit" with arguments to change any if desired

  type command "copy" with arguments to copy controller/dimm settings

  type command "go" to continue calculation and enable DDR controller

  
  Additional commands to restart the debugging are:

  type command "reset" to reset the board
  type command "recompute" to reload SPD and start over
  
  Note, check "next_step" to show the flow. For example, after edit opts, the
  next_step is STEP_ASSIGN_ADDRESSES. After editing registers, the next_step is

  STEP_PROGRAM_REGS.  Upon issuing command "go", the debugger will program the
  DDR controller with the current setting without further calculation and then
  exit to resume the booting of the machine.

  
  The detail syntax for each commands are
  
  print [c<n>] [d<n>] [spd] [dimmparms] [commonparms] [opts] [addresses] [regs]
  	c<n>		- the controller number, eg. c0, c1
  	d<n>		- the DIMM number, eg. d0, d1
  	spd		- print SPD data

  	dimmparms	- DIMM parameters, calculated from SPD

  	commonparms	- lowest common parameters for all DIMMs
  	opts		- options
  	addresses	- address assignment (not implemented yet)
  	regs		- controller registers
  
  edit <c#> <d#> <spd|dimmparms|commonparms|opts|addresses|regs> <element> <value>
  	c<n>		- the controller number, eg. c0, c1
  	d<n>		- the DIMM number, eg. d0, d1
  	spd		- print SPD data

  	dimmparms	- DIMM parameters, calculated from SPD

  	commonparms	- lowest common parameters for all DIMMs
  	opts		- options
  	addresses	- address assignment (not implemented yet)
  	regs		- controller registers
  	<element>	- name of the modified element
  			  byte number if the object is SPD
  	<value>		- decimal or heximal (prefixed with 0x) numbers

  copy <src c#> <src d#> <spd|dimmparms|commonparms|opts|addresses|regs> <dst c#> <dst d#>
  	same as for "edit" command
  	DIMM numbers ignored for commonparms, opts, and regs

  reset
  	no arguement	- reset the board
  
  recompute
  	no argument	- reload SPD and start over
  
  compute
  	no argument	- recompute from current next_step
  
  next_step
  	no argument	- show current next_step
  
  help
  	no argument	- print a list of all commands
  
  go
  	no argument	- program memory controller(s) and continue with U-boot
  
  Examples of debugging flow
  
  	FSL DDR>compute
  	Detected UDIMM UG51U6400N8SU-ACF

  	FSL DDR>print

  	print [c<n>] [d<n>] [spd] [dimmparms] [commonparms] [opts] [addresses] [regs]
  	FSL DDR>print dimmparms
  	DIMM parameters:  Controller=0 DIMM=0
  	DIMM organization parameters:
  	module part name = UG51U6400N8SU-ACF
  	rank_density = 2147483648 bytes (2048 megabytes)
  	capacity = 4294967296 bytes (4096 megabytes)
  	burst_lengths_bitmask = 0C
  	base_addresss = 0 (00000000 00000000)
  	n_ranks = 2
  	data_width = 64
  	primary_sdram_width = 64
  	ec_sdram_width = 0
  	registered_dimm = 0
  	n_row_addr = 15
  	n_col_addr = 10
  	edc_config = 0
  	n_banks_per_sdram_device = 8
  	tCKmin_X_ps = 1500
  	tCKmin_X_minus_1_ps = 0
  	tCKmin_X_minus_2_ps = 0
  	tCKmax_ps = 0
  	caslat_X = 960
  	tAA_ps = 13125
  	caslat_X_minus_1 = 0
  	caslat_X_minus_2 = 0
  	caslat_lowest_derated = 0
  	tRCD_ps = 13125
  	tRP_ps = 13125
  	tRAS_ps = 36000
  	tWR_ps = 15000
  	tWTR_ps = 7500
  	tRFC_ps = 160000
  	tRRD_ps = 6000
  	tRC_ps = 49125
  	refresh_rate_ps = 7800000
  	tIS_ps = 0
  	tIH_ps = 0
  	tDS_ps = 0
  	tDH_ps = 0
  	tRTP_ps = 7500
  	tDQSQ_max_ps = 0
  	tQHS_ps = 0
  	FSL DDR>edit c0 opts ECC_mode 0
  	FSL DDR>edit c0 regs cs0_bnds 0x000000FF
  	FSL DDR>go
  	2 GiB left unmapped
  	4 GiB (DDR3, 64-bit, CL=9, ECC off)
  	       DDR Chip-Select Interleaving Mode: CS0+CS1
  	Testing 0x00000000 - 0x7fffffff
  	Testing 0x80000000 - 0xffffffff
  	Remap DDR 2 GiB left unmapped
  
  	POST memory PASSED
  	Flash: 128 MiB
  	L2:    128 KB enabled
  	Corenet Platform Cache: 1024 KB enabled
  	SERDES: timeout resetting bank 3
  	SRIO1: disabled
  	SRIO2: disabled
  	MMC:  FSL_ESDHC: 0
  	EEPROM: Invalid ID (ff ff ff ff)
  	PCIe1: disabled
  	PCIe2: Root Complex, x1, regs @ 0xfe201000
  	  01:00.0     - 8086:10d3 - Network controller
  	PCIe2: Bus 00 - 01
  	PCIe3: disabled
  	In:    serial
  	Out:   serial
  	Err:   serial
  	Net:   Initializing Fman
  	Fman1: Uploading microcode version 101.8.0
  	e1000: 00:1b:21:81:d2:e0
  	FM1@DTSEC1, FM1@DTSEC2, FM1@DTSEC3, FM1@DTSEC4, FM1@DTSEC5, e1000#0 [PRIME]
  	Warning: e1000#0 MAC addresses don't match:
  	Address in SROM is         00:1b:21:81:d2:e0
  	Address in environment is  00:e0:0c:00:ea:05
  
  	Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
  	=>